Transcript: Breath Control is Self Control — Erwan Le Corre #004

Daniel Vitalis (00:01.962)

Well, I've got a really special guest today, someone I haven't seen in probably in person, I bet it's been 10 years. And that's Erwin Le Corre from most famously from Move.net, old friend of mine, somebody who's really inspired me and somebody whose work, my work and his work have kind of been on parallel trajectories leading people from the hyper domesticated built environment back into nature. And I'm just so excited to see what he's doing today. Erwin, welcome to the show.

Erwan (00:31.458)

Thank you, Daniel. So glad to be here.

Daniel Vitalis (00:33.322)

It's such a pleasure to see you again and to talk with you again. I wanted to say, just in the background behind me, I've only got a handful of books there on the set, but I've got all my shelves over here, but your book is actually on the shelf back there. Let me go grab it.

Erwan (00:50.702)

Thank you, that means a lot to me.

Daniel Vitalis (00:51.946)

for people but highly

You know, and it's funny because I remember when you were just finishing putting the finishing touches on it and you were telling me, you know, I've been working on this book for a really long time. And when people say that, a lot of times the book comes out and you're like, they, they maybe got lost along the way. And I remember it coming out and being like, wow, you know, like you really it's beautiful. It's a beautiful book. So for people into movement, people into exercise is something you want to have on your shelf, but

I'd love to hear a little bit of the backstory, man. Catch me up to modern times. How'd you, tell us the path that led you here today.

Erwan (01:30.776)

the path of being a kid who was lucky that I grew up close to a woods like the woods were right there outside the door. And those woods were special because they was really lots of hills and also lots of boulders. If anybody does rock climbing and knows the Mecca of rock climbing or bouldering in France called Fontainebleau, it was like a mini Fontainebleau right outside.

And I believe that that's what in a big part led me to what I do today because I was playing natural movement, climbing, jumping, balancing, crawling, doing all these things from an early age. Actually, my dad encouraged me to go there, showed me a few moves too. And then it always stuck with me.

the naturalness of the words, it made me feel, how capable I felt, the self-esteem that came from overcoming some of the obstacles that I pushed myself to overcome. And as an adult, I wanted to live a conventional life, To me, was, no, this thing is going to kill me. It's going to be a slow death.

Daniel Vitalis (02:58.986)

Yeah.

Erwan (02:59.124)

And so I had that maverick mindset. Ultimately in my thirties, I discovered that in the past, there was a whole history of physical education, basically that was mostly based on those natural movements that I was practicing. And I studied that, that past and, and I realized that I was maybe in a good position to bring this back to the world.

and that sounded ambitious or impossible and yet by the grace of God I managed to make that happen in the form of what's called today the move that method and that term natural movement that I've coined back in the days because nobody knew what it was.

It's organic, it's intuitive. It happens maybe non-linearly on the surface and maybe very linearly under the hood. don't know.

Daniel Vitalis (04:03.112)

Yeah, well, that's what's neat about the book is you see sort of underlying movement patterns and structures. You that's what I learned in your workshop as well. And then you can sort of organically freestyle those things. But, you know, it's like the body only moves in so many different ways. And so I appreciate how you cataloged that so effectively.

Erwan (04:22.862)

Yeah, exactly. That's a very good point. did want it to, let's say, map this territory. In fact, I wanted to give it a name like natural movement and then the movement being the the method for natural movement. But why natural movement? Because back in the days when people said natural movement first, so first off, nobody talked about natural movement back then. But even when I did talk about it, they thought, that's maybe yoga or Tai Chi or some kind of

oriental, eastern type of discipline. And I said, no, it's actually what we all do when we're kids, universally on every continent. It's we crawl, we move in those instinctive ways. We learn to stand, but then we jump and we land and we hang and we climb and we throw things and we balance and do all these movements. So it's really universal to

all human beings, we all have done it, all of us when we kids. And I thought, how come that there is no name for it? And because there is no name, how come there is no recognition? It's like something that is not even valued when it should be put on a, it would be at the top of the hierarchy, basically at the top of the pyramid. So I wanted to name it to

not catalog maybe but to map it, to systemize it because yes you can do it instinctively again we all have done it as kids but then because of my background in martial arts and other sports I realized also the importance of technique of systematic training and I wanted to merge both

Because otherwise, if you just say, all I have to do is go in the woods and it's going to happen, you're going to unleash your wild self. And it doesn't happen that way. It's not true. Especially in modern humans. So I wanted to bring an effective, efficient method to inspire people to do it, to practice it, but also to teach them with progressions.

Daniel Vitalis (06:29.972)

doesn't know it doesn't.

Yeah.

Erwan (06:47.126)

and with that martial artist mindset which is seek high efficiency don't just jump like a jackass there are diverse techniques all of them can be mastered you can improve your skill and your physical conditioning at the same time if you

Learn to be mindful in the way you move and highly technical so I started to do that in the woods myself That's the way I trained and then I started to train people that way and Almost two decades later. We're still at it. We're still doing it

Daniel Vitalis (07:26.25)

How many people have you guys run through your programs over the years? you even have a sense of it? mean, it's the number must be huge.

Erwan (07:34.561)

That's thousands. We have probably 2000 people who are certified around the world. That's in many countries. We have Japan, have whatever. So it has not yet reached, let's say, it's still an approach that a lot of people still scratch their head about.

You know, because they want to go to the gym. They were told that fitness, real fitness happens in a gym. And there's a whole industry that, that perpetuates that, that idea. And, it's basically, David versus Goliath, you know, it's metaphorically, it's, it's true. It's a reality that,

Daniel Vitalis (08:22.066)

Yeah.

Erwan (08:31.672)

Society has expectations that that have been shaped a certain way and made in a certain way because of the multi-billion industry the interest of that industry are and so you know they are using powerful marketing machines to keep Having people think that that's how they exercise go to the gym Use the machines to you know isolate your muscles

And then isolate your energy system. So do strength on one side, do cardio separately. But, but then like, aside from us, nobody tells people, you know what, you could move naturally the way you were designed to the way you used to when you were kids. It's, it's phenomenal. It's fun, but it's challenging. It's liberating. You become physically capable for the real world.

It gives you amazing self-esteem. can change your body too, but most importantly, it gives you a fantastic mindset, a great experience. You feel free. You can do that outdoors most of the time.

I don't know people you know it's we do reach a lot of people but we don't reach a majority of people because majority of people still think that they have to go to the gym to do their biceps curls and their and their glute

Daniel Vitalis (10:01.643)

Right. I heard you recently saying that the sorry that last part what'd say?

Erwan (10:07.456)

And their glutes and what not, know, whatever body part or muscles that seem to matter more than other muscles, you know, like the glutes matter lot, the abs and the pecs and maybe the shoulders.

Daniel Vitalis (10:09.643)

Yeah.

Daniel Vitalis (10:21.151)

Well, you know, it reminds me of like the filters people use where you're trying to enhance what you assume either the opposite sex is attracted to and or what, you know, your sex is impressed by, right? I think the biceps are less about the ladies and more about the other guys, right? And women do a lot of things that are less about the guys and more about the women who see them. So we have this like social sense of how we should look. And having done that kind of training growing up, my experience was it created so much

so much dysfunction, of course, because you isolate a body that doesn't move in isolation. And next thing you know, you're picking up your groceries like a bicep curl and instead of fluidly moving. So that's one component. But I want to go back and say I first the first time I ever saw you, you know, was probably 1213 14 years ago, you had a video that must have just I mean, it blew up. It was like you doing park what most people think of like parkour type movements, but outside and

At that time, I'd only seen parkour in the built environment, which is interesting. But I saw you moving and it was like, this is like trying to run behind a chimpanzee or something like how's this guy doing this because even though when you see parkour athletes impressively moving through urban environments, it's still on flat surfaces, 90 degree angles, predictable textures, predictable, everything is predictable and known because you're in the built environment. I have this model when I teach

seminars, I'll talk about like three worlds. One is the natural world. One's the built environment. And one is like the artificial digital environment. And people are kind of living in all three of these. But most people have lost the ability to be in the natural world. They're just so often in the built and digital environment. They go into the natural world and they don't necessarily even understand what they're seeing half the time. It's like a wall of green and they don't know how to disambiguate things or what's what. So

Seeing you move like that, I remember being like, oh, this is what humans are capable of. But I also wanted to say what I liked about how you teach it, like you said, it's not just going to the woods, go crazy. It was very systematic. The way I've learned anything else that's skill-based, breaking it down, working repetitions, linking the broken parts together until you get fluid, I mean, it was very systematic in the approach. And I really appreciated that too. So I want people to know that about it who aren't familiar that it's a

Daniel Vitalis (12:44.988)

It's not a willy-nilly approach, but it's done in environments that aren't predictable, because that's the real world. And I happen to be somebody who likes gyms, but I've listened to you quite a bit, like pick on the gym environment, which I totally understand, because it's a boring environment, and it's an information-poor environment. So I was wondering if you could break that piece down a little bit, because the indoor built environment, even if you have a lot of complexity, is always massively truncated and simplified compared to the natural environment, which has

almost infinite variables. You must have grown up with friends who were doing parkour in the urban environment and you must have peeled off at some point and said, I'm gonna go do my thing outside. I'm kind of curious about that and how those unconventional urban athletes saw what you were doing because I'm sure even they were like, I don't wanna try to do that, that looks too dangerous.

Erwan (13:38.958)

So it's a method. The method is important when you said it had to be systematic and it still is systematic. A method is important because otherwise you just ask yourself if you don't know what to do you just ask yourself what should I do? You may go to the woods and not know exactly what to do or try a jump and slide and hurt yourself. don't know.

but not knowing what is the most efficient way to approach your training. So in that regard, being outside is not necessarily, or in nature, is not always the first step because it's just like every, the training of anything complex.

For instance, you are a samurai, you're not going to go to battle straight up as a young samurai because that's the way you learn. No. As a kid, you're to years of training of variety of out of context movements. So learn to learn before you even handle a sword, you handle a piece of bamboo and you learn to

Daniel Vitalis (14:47.467)

That's the way you die.

Erwan (15:06.23)

correct angle, correct timing etc. So basically you take the movement out of its most challenging context which is the only way that a beginner can learn to do it before the environment, the outside of the person becomes challenging. So if you apply that to natural movement then it's perfectly fine to bring the practice

to environments that are predictable, are stable, that are safe. Why? Because first you learn the efficient behavior. The movement is a behavior. There are patterns to it. There are techniques to it. It can be explained. It can be taught. It can be duplicated exactly the same way for optimum efficiency. And you can do that a way

from the complex environments, those that you cannot control, those that have such a variety of variables, texture, know, like mud, ice, sand, rocks, different shapes, everything. This is...

This kind of environments, wild environments, they are either an absolute bliss for the person who loves them and they're a nightmare for those who are not trained for them, who don't like them, never exposed to them. So we can train complete beginners first controlling their movement behavior, the techniques of their natural movement for efficiency starting with the

Daniel Vitalis (16:38.923)

Hmm

Erwan (16:56.674)

breathing control in control or semi-control environment. And as they become better, then they start to go adapt, practice and adapt those movements to more challenging, wilder, more natural environments. So that's the process. it's not either or, it's not all outdoors.

or all indoors, it's a matter of method who is being trained with what level, with what expectation, with et cetera. So that's the way it works. As for the difference between that and what's done in gym environments, well,

Since we're talking about behavior, imagine that you are filming a person moving in nature, moving naturally in nature, not just hiking. And then a person doing their workout in the gym. You film that and then with AI or something, you remove the background.

Erwan (18:12.856)

So imagine now what you see. And then you could even like remove the human likeliness and you just have segments and angles. So you do a biceps curl so you would see like a stick figure sitting and just the biceps going like this and

Daniel Vitalis (18:25.833)

Yeah.

Erwan (18:36.482)

That would be it. But then you would see the person moving in nature, jumping and then moving all fours and you would see all these stick figures, all the variety of movements and the variations and the transitions would be mind blowing in variety compared to what you would see in the gym setting. And by the way, between movement, between sets, what does the person in the gym do?

They either sit or they stand.

Daniel Vitalis (19:07.603)

or go on their phone.

Erwan (19:09.806)

Exactly. In nature it's very different. And that's just from the movement behavior perspective. But what we understand is that it's absolutely not just physical, Because what is the device that makes the body move? It's the brain. And the brain that trains the body.

and basically controls the body and orders the body to do this variety of movements. Movements themselves being way more complex than in the gym. Since the gym, it's also a lot of machines that literally limit and shape your movement. So it's very segmental. It's very compartmentalized. In nature, it's way more full body movement. So not only those movements are more complete,

Daniel Vitalis (19:55.199)

Mm-hmm, yeah.

Erwan (20:06.57)

are more complex and on top of that you're going to perform them in environments that are not controlled. are non-symmetrical, are non- often they're unstable or they are they change a lot.

How do you handle those movements? Well, it's actually through the body but it's with the mind. And it's with the mind which is attention and it's also the whole nervous system. So it's way more complex. the last point that I want to make Daniel is even from the neurological perspective.

Daniel Vitalis (20:33.033)

Yeah.

Erwan (20:50.828)

not just the physiological perspective, but neurological perspective, natural movement done outside has way more benefits for your physical and mental health. And if you want to go into the biology and know that you're extremely well versed also in all these aspects of health, of physiology and biology, then you have the grounding, you have the sunlight, you have the energies of nature, the plants, the, you know, the...

the green light, the electromagnetism, so many sources of energy, how the diverse smells also will activate parts of your brain, including your memory. It's a place of absolute vitality that you can really re-energize your whole being physically, mentally and literally spiritually as well.

So to me, it's a no brainer. I'm not going to spend much time if any ever in a gym to under artificial lights, all artificial air that I'm electromagnetic, you know, no, thank you. No, not interested.

Daniel Vitalis (21:59.852)

you

Daniel Vitalis (22:05.779)

You

Daniel Vitalis (22:12.556)

Well, it's I used to tease the biohacking people all the time because they would be like, they would break all this stuff up, right? So it'd be like, well, I go do my exercises, then I've got to go get my fresh air. Then I've got to go get my grounding in and then you know, and the my watch is saying I'm not feeling good. So I guess I shouldn't train today, you know, and they're doing all of the everything's like all broken up. And I would point out when you go, one of the things I loved, I love about hunting and fishing and foraging, because I'm going to just get food, but I'm getting

fresh air, I'm getting the sun, I'm getting the grounding, I'm getting the exposure. It's like what you're talking about, you're getting it all in one package so you don't have to try to stack a whole bunch of dysfunctional blocks together and create a whole, right?

Erwan (22:45.262)

Beautiful.

Erwan (22:54.03)

Exactly, Daniel. It's not compartmentalized and biohacking compartmentalizes everything. And in the same way, normal conventional modern life compartmentalizes everything. When you go back in nature to move, you're not compartmentalizing. And when you are going in nature like you do, not just to move, but to forage and hunt and procure food, it's even to me, it's even

Daniel Vitalis (22:59.061)

Yeah.

Erwan (23:24.046)

It's the next level. It's a different emphasis, but in the end You need food and food is more important than it's a movement mastery even though Of course having great body control and and movement mastery in nature which by the way movement mastery even You know in the end one mistake and nature defeats you with that

Daniel Vitalis (23:31.263)

Yeah.

Erwan (23:53.375)

even fighting you, it's just you defeat yourself. And you know, watch YouTube, sometimes you see videos of absolutely wild animals trying a movement and messing big time and falling like and it's hilarious because you would not expect such wild extremely

well-trained animals to ever miss a movement and yet they do. So it's also normal and natural to also fail your movement the same way you can fail a set or a rep in a gym. definitely, ultimately, you can't go wrong when you shift more of a natural way in whatever

is your pursuit that it is movement or hunting foraging or learning about plants and animals or just just being in nature is just being surrounded by nature doing nothing wanting nothing just being there you can't go wrong right maybe if it's in middle of a blizzard and

Daniel Vitalis (25:07.339)

Yeah, wanting nothing. That's a great way to say that.

Erwan (25:15.128)

There's a huge grizzly next to you or something bad like that, but otherwise when the weather is agreeable and or you're well equipped and you know what you're doing, but you know what I mean. Anybody can just go if you have a backyard, if you're fortunate, you have a backyard and you have a lot, you have some land there, have even if it's not even one acre, but you have dirt.

Daniel Vitalis (25:19.124)

Yeah.

Erwan (25:44.825)

You have maybe grass, maybe you have one tree and then you have a horizon and then you have the air, fresh air and then you have sunlight. You're wealthy man because you can absorb all this energy every day. All you have to do step outside and put the phone aside and the screens aside and just reconnect.

Daniel Vitalis (25:59.595)

Yeah.

Erwan (26:12.671)

Renaturalize, rewild, whatever term you want to use, it's the same idea. And by the way, we talk about the natural world as if it's only and exclusively something that's outside of us, not remembering that we are it. We are that natural world. The whole biology is made of it, all our cells. Even if we live in artificial environments.

We need food every day and that food comes from where?

Daniel Vitalis (26:46.442)

Yeah, living creatures, man, from nature. Can't synthesize food, not yet.

Erwan (26:48.527)

Yes, exactly. Right, exactly.

Daniel Vitalis (26:54.614)

Yeah.

First, I want to just comment on what you said about being rich on just a patch of dirt with some sunlight in a tree because I'm thinking about all these famous, you know, Playboy billionaires that we know about now and and some of them you see starting to actually try to get in shape and that I not commend them for that but but that doesn't look like wealth to me. It looks like power but it's like there's a

There's something missing, you know? And it's so interesting how I think you could be a happier person with nothing than, I just don't see those people and think they're winning. think like, man, they're sick, they're sad, they're struggling to maintain power and control constantly, they are surrounded by security, they can never be alone. It's just like, ugh, I'm just, I think I'd be happier with that patch of dirt, but I also wanted to get your take on something.

Looking back through history, you know, unless you were maybe in the warrior class or you were an acrobat or something like that, like most people wouldn't have trained exercise and movement that intentionally their lives demanded so much work physically, that, you know, people weren't developing the so called diseases of civilization, the degenerative diseases because their day to day life was so full and the environment was so much less polluted.

You had so much more fresh air. The skies were still clear overhead. know, like you were eating organic food by default because there wasn't even chemical application invented yet. And so people were living just healthier lives just in an integrated way. And then we have the industrial revolution and we use machines to replace labor. And the idea is, this is going to be great. You're going have all this free time. And really, as we all know, what happened is your workload doubles because you're now expected to do more with that time.

Daniel Vitalis (28:48.832)

but also the machines take over the labor and people stop moving. And overnight, what do we just get this epidemic of obesity, diabetes, heart disease, cancer, neurodegeneration, because like you said, the brain needs to be moving the body. Okay, so now we're trying to recreate through recreation, recreation, we're trying to recreate all of the movement again. And I've heard you say recently that the gym environment's like essentially a failed experiment, like that's not gonna yield.

that's eventually gonna, it's not sustainable, it's gonna die off. But we're trying to figure out like hamsters on a wheel how to move again. Now we're being handed a new technology, AI, and it's going to think for us. And so I'm curious how you see that landing in a world where machines replaced labor and people got sick and fat and had to learn how to move again. What do you see happening with our minds? Because I know in my own lifetime I experienced

the loss of the memorization of phone numbers, the loss of quick recall on math. And that was just because of my basic calculator on my phone and my contact page. Now, people are walking around, chat GPT, what should I eat for breakfast? Chat GPT, when should I go to the bathroom? not knowing how to even think anymore, their watches tell them how they feel when they wake up and if they're recovered or not. And I know that a lot of your work is leaning towards consciousness and control of the inner environment and the mind.

and I'm wondering how you're seeing these new tools and what kind of impact you think they're gonna have and then what should we, can we be doing because I keep joking like you're gonna see mind gyms where people are gonna go do math problems instead of bicep curls. How do you see this playing out?

Erwan (30:36.399)

It's very interesting question.

Erwan (30:41.919)

It's like trying to be a fortune teller. But yeah, it's a very good analogy that you made, which is that when through and thanks to the industrial revolution and then electricity, there was such a surge of power, electric power was huge. All of a sudden you either didn't need all this labor, all these people.

Daniel Vitalis (30:44.907)

Yeah.

Erwan (31:12.227)

for a given job or you could have your output and your production multiply tenfold or more thanks to electricity. So whoever had access to electricity first and was a capitalist was in a position to generate a lot of energy out of that energy to produce a lot out of that energy and therefore to capitalize.

And this is exactly what happened. Yes. You mentioned you mentioned billionaires and are they are they actually winning at life? Are they actually happy? I see where you're you're where you're going with your reflection, which is what actually matters in the end is. Is life the the intangible?

Daniel Vitalis (31:42.648)

make a lot of currency. It's like a lecture currency turned into actual currency.

Erwan (32:11.497)

or seemingly intangible side of life which is basically consciousness and is that consciousness happy is that consciousness actually conscious it is aware is it worth it is it meaningful is it purposeful is it does it have qualities to it is it worth pursuing or being lived

beside what we call reality, what we call the material world. But when we really think about it, what really matters in our lives is that consciousness. Because what we remember about, instance, anything we've lived, we may remember the places, the people, the aspects of the context. But most importantly, what we remember is how such a such event

made us feel.

Erwan (33:07.939)

We don't remember primarily if we think of our memories, the most important memories of those that matter the most to us.

those that meant the most, either in a positive way or negative way, pleasant way or unpleasant way. Those are the main memories. Why are they the main memories? Because there's always an emotional intensity about that. There's an emotional intensity about those events. Therefore, they have the most value. They have the most meaning to us.

Is this tangible? It's absolutely tangible. it does show that beyond whatever is in our bank account or the car we own or the house we own or don't own or all these material aspects of life, our diet, our fitness routines, all of these things. What we are truly pursuing is specific experiences that we value and specific emotions.

the way those experiences make us feel. Alrighty, so back to the industrial revolution. A lot of jobs disappeared. A lot of jobs were created. So there are consequences. Some are not so good.

Some were probably investigating maybe a lot of people lost their job because electricity changed everything production change the price of things that were normally made by hand

Erwan (34:58.637)

went down significantly, but at the same time, many more jobs were created. So with AI, I suspect that something similar is going to happen. I do work with AI. I am interested in AI because I find it very stimulating intellectually. It actually by...

working with AI and understanding how I need to train it to make it work the way I want, it mirrors some of my own cognitive processes and makes me reconsider them. And when I demand specific behaviors from the AI that I train, then I reflect on myself and the, how about the demands on your own cognitive processes?

Daniel Vitalis (35:52.813)

Mm-hmm.

Erwan (35:53.519)

So it's very stimulating. It makes me think not more, it makes me think better, which is one of my pursuits, is consciousness. But that's because of my approach to it. That's because I'm demanding on my own cognitive system. So basically,

Daniel Vitalis (36:12.813)

Right,

Erwan (36:18.467)

You mentioned AI as now people are asking what they should eat and what they should do. So they're asking basically AI to do the thinking for them. So they start to externalize their thinking. They externalize basically their also their, their decision making their the strategy for the personal life. So it's not just memory. So memory already being a big part of it.

But now it's literally cognitive processes, more advanced cognitive processes that we normally have to handle ourselves within our own mind. Now we can delegate to a technology in our pocket or on our desktop. How is this going to impact basically our intelligence, our own cognitive system? If you are not

discriminate already, it's very likely that you will lose cognitive abilities. You're going to be given answers to your questions by a system that pretends to know you or understand you but that is not actually a human mind and certainly it is not your mind.

and to take it for at face value. So your critical thinking goes, as we say in French, through the window. And anything that isn't trained is always meant to shrink and then to disappear. You put an orca in a swimming pool and they still look at an orca 10 years later of captivity.

but some of their, like their fin have shrunk some of their ability.

Daniel Vitalis (38:14.299)

Flop's over.

Erwan (38:16.971)

Exactly, because you don't use it, you lose it. So whenever you ask AI to do thinking for you, starting with for instance, write this for me. Okay, and you think it's just a petty task, but you don't realize, wait a minute, to write a text, this is high cognitive function, because it has to do with words. Therefore it has to do with meaning.

The four has to do with intention, expectations, concept, insight, name it, philosophy, strategy, all of that. It's not just text. It's basically what is text. Text is printed or digital.

Daniel Vitalis (38:43.991)

Yeah.

Erwan (39:02.859)

speech and what is thinking it's silent speech thinking people think i'm thinking i'm not speaking you are speaking speech in your mind that only you can hear you're the one who talks and you're the one who listens that's what thinking is about so now you normally do the thinking yourself and now you're asking your technology to do the thinking for you what do you think is going to happen to your thinking

Daniel Vitalis (39:04.332)

Mmm.

Daniel Vitalis (39:13.741)

Mmm.

Daniel Vitalis (39:17.613)

Mm-hmm.

Erwan (39:33.295)

So this has a tremendous implication. So what I believe is that the people who are not critical thinkers in the first place will suffer from the cognitive perspective because they are relying on an artificial cognitive system, which is an LLM.

They're not doing the work themselves anymore.

And so it's meant to dumb you down. Right. But people who are thinking

in a different way can actually potentially improve their own cognitive system.

And in any case, simply leverage the advantage or the power of AI to improve the work, to learn, to advance the projects faster, better. And that is indeed happening. So how you use it is the most important question. is not, is it good or not good? Is AI beneficial, not beneficial?

Erwan (40:58.849)

It depends how you use it. Most importantly, are you aware of how it may impact your mind? And the last question is, were you even aware in the first place of how you have been impacting your own mind? The mind that you are?

Daniel Vitalis (41:01.291)

Hmm.

Daniel Vitalis (41:10.509)

Yeah.

Erwan (41:23.257)

How has that mind that you are been impacting itself all along for those decades you've been alive and therefore aware conscious and thinking and operating that cognitive system that you are? Because if you've never examined that, why are you talking about AI and the problems or whatever? Have you already investigated the mind that you are? That's question.

Daniel Vitalis (41:25.517)

Yeah.

Daniel Vitalis (41:29.997)

Yeah.

Daniel Vitalis (41:36.619)

Hmm.

Daniel Vitalis (41:50.796)

Hmm. Yeah, that's a really big question. And it you know, you're making me think about the idea of bifurcation of our species a little bit. Because if you're already somebody who isn't taking care of your physical body, and then you're also now going to let your mind go. And then you've got another group of people who's like, I'm to not only maintain my fitness, but I'm going to leverage AI for a more powerful output, but maintain my cognition.

you're gonna end up with some radically, you know, you can already see, you have to be so careful saying these things, but you know, there's certain giant department stores spread out throughout the United States where you could go into them and see a class of person who hasn't really cared for themselves, cognitively or physically, and you can see like, whoa, where are these folks headed? You know, and then you can go into an environment where people take care of themselves and you're like, whoa, it's like a, you know, it's like as different as, as,

two different types of breeds of dogs are in a sense, even though they're the same species, they, you know, we're heading in like radically different directions and it just seems like, yeah, there's gonna be a lot of people who don't know how to think anymore. I have been doing things like math workbooks, I've been doing things like playing chess, I've been doing things like, you know, memorization games and tools, not games, but memorizing scripture really is what I've been doing because I feel like I just need to keep these circuits.

Erwan (42:50.062)

Yes.

Daniel Vitalis (43:17.261)

functioning because as somebody who's since I was born I have been obsessed with learning I just can't I'm fiendishly I can't stop and that used to not be such a problem because I had the access to information was so was the aperture was small so go to the library grab a stack of books you just could only learn so much it was hard now it's a non-stop you know

freight train of information and I have to be so discerning because I want to gobble it all up. I want to learn everything and it's like I have to really be careful and the reason is I'll burn myself out and that leads me to want to take this conversation a slightly different direction now which is

I okay, I like it when I get my cherished ideas destroyed because I like finding out that my paradigm was wrong. I enjoy it. But sometimes it's hard and I saw a post of yours today that had three three you were claiming three fallacies of thought that we have going one was that co2 tolerance forcing you to breathe is a myth. The other one was that there's better methods than conventional meditation. But the third one was that was the idea of nervous system regulation, which is something that I'm

thinking about all the time. Many of the practitioners I know are thinking about all the time. How do we regulate the autonomic nervous system because we're in such a constant state of, you know, this sympathetic nervous system, fight or flight stimulation. And so I met constantly having conversations with people about this. And then I saw your post today and I was like, I have to ask because from where I'm sitting in this, maybe it's still the old paradigm or maybe there's an integration there but

I'm going like, hey, this is really important because otherwise I'll be living on adrenaline and burning myself out. So, you my meditation, my prayer, my reading, my sauna, whatever it is that brings me back down to a baseline seems really important. And I wanna just take that and hand it over to you and see like, how are you thinking about that? And, you know, leave it to you to go into this area of breath control and make a bunch of discoveries that under.

Daniel Vitalis (45:27.808)

undermine a whole bunch of old thoughts, you know, like I love that, but I want to hear like how you're thinking about that.

Erwan (45:33.347)

Okay, so first off, there's nothing about what you said that I feel compelled to destroy on the other on the opposite. want to applaud you for being so

diligent about keeping yourself let's say not just healthy but also competent and meaningful and purposeful at all levels of energy I would say physical, mental and spiritual as well. I like to say

that life is the practice of energy. And I'm not saying that from the perspective of some mysterious chakra energy or something like that. Indeed, all we are is energy and in fact we're systems of energy within an energy system. And so they all need to be understood and learned and practiced or at least regulated.

That's what you do when you read a book. When you learn something, you may not see that as a regulation by the way, Daniel, but it is a form of regulation. see regulation is not just when all of a sudden maybe you feel a little overwhelmed or too fast or maybe you experience a slight bout of anxiety or whatever it could be and then you think I need some exercise like a breath exercise.

to regulate, feel good and centered again. You're already doing that when you read a book. You're already doing that when you memorize a scripture. You're already doing that when you learn how to process that specific fish or whatever it is that you're learning and doing, right? In everything you do, you are actually mindful. It's very reminiscent of

Erwan (47:40.739)

the practice of excellence by the Japanese people and their culture like the samurais none of what they do was actually done casually because once they understood the importance of mastery and how deep any practice could be brought to how high and deep in understanding and refinement

Daniel Vitalis (47:44.973)

you

Erwan (48:10.541)

Let's say they would do that with the sword, but then they would do that with their body, would do that with their mind and they would apply to anything they would do. And this is a sign of high level intelligence as a matter of fact, because it's a whole, it's mindfulness, not just applied to a moment where you sit and you meditate, it's mindfulness in motion.

in everything that you do.

So it's a beautiful thing. There's nothing to be destroyed here on the contrary. This, to me, this kind of approach to life has to be honored and celebrated. We wish more individuals were to operate the consciousness that they are at this level. Because there are levels to this game. I know it's...

politically correct to say we're all the same, we're all equal, we all have the same value, etc. But I'm sorry, who really just eats junk all day and maybe does drugs and scrolls on stupid things all day on the watch TV and all these things, there's zero examination. There's zero challenge. There's zero

elevation there. So you can't say that this is equal to somebody who has a very dedicated, devout, preset of high level integrity and high level meaning in their life. It's not comparable. And if we thought one second that it is comparable, then that means that we are

Erwan (50:10.391)

We believe that there's no hierarchy in life in the sense there's no values, there's no right and wrong, there is no good and bad, there is no superior in theory. I know, I know. But that's the idea because when you start to believe that then

Daniel Vitalis (50:18.637)

Well, I've been hearing that message on CNN for like since 2015.

Erwan (50:30.819)

Why would you ever pursue any form of excellence or even improvement for yourself? No. And the more people believe in that bullshit, the more you can dumb down the whole society to, you know, levelling down, levelling down, levelling down, levelling down. And then you can start pointing at the one or the few who tries to elevate their game, their consciousness, their understanding, their cognitive abilities, their physical vitality, their physical capability, all of that.

They pay a price every day with decisions. They make decisions, they organize, they commit, self-discipline, they question, they adjust. It's a person and they start to tell these people, you're some kind of an elite, you think you're special, you're... No, why don't you level down physically, biologically? Why don't you eat shit? Why don't you consume the stupid shows all day? Why don't you do drugs? Why don't you...

How about you know complete life debauchery and then finally you'll have some value finally you'll be you'll be vol

Daniel Vitalis (51:39.577)

Be one of us.

Erwan (51:40.963)

Right? Exactly. So you see, that's a big trick. That's a, that's an, you know, in nature, can trap game. Predators will trap you, even if they don't make traps. Predators will use strategies to deceive you so that they can catch you and consume you. Right? There is a whole system out there that is doing exactly that.

mass scale, trapping people, deceiving them so that they can consume them, so that they can bring all levels of their energy down, down, down, leading to ultimately to depression, to powerlessness, to very low self-esteem, and to compliance.

Daniel Vitalis (52:36.847)

Probably how an animal in a factory farm feels.

Erwan (52:40.591)

precisely. So once you understand that exactly, because at first maybe you're interested in, what can I do to lose weight? Or what can I do to be more in shape? Or what can I do? Can I meditate so that maybe I think a little less? Things like that. Looking for little patches, looking for a bit of medicine in the world or in a system that is literally engineered to make you

Daniel Vitalis (52:41.784)

also to be consumed.

Erwan (53:10.383)

suffer through pleasures and conveniences. And you start with that and that's fine, right? But then you start to unravel the whole thing. Ultimately, you must unravel the reality that the whole system is not your friend. Like McKenna said, culture is not your friend.

So once you understand the culture is not your friend, you must cultivate something else. You must cultivate a different culture. And it starts with you because you cannot rely on the existing culture to support your endeavor. And what people like you and I do Daniel is that not only we've been doing that for decades because we've been aware for that long.

But on top of that is that we've designed systems or ways to communicate and a podcast or a book and products, all types of, the whole ecosystem because our heart is not just to know these things and have this awareness and just save ourselves only, we want to help others.

We may have questioned even a bit, you know, what's going on and why is it that they struggle? Why is it that they suffer and what can they do to live a healthier life and a happier life and more free life and a stronger life? And whatever we've learned along the way, we are eager to share. And so we've organized our day-to-day activities and our professional activities to find a ways not only to just serve our personal endeavors.

but also to serve others back in the sense of, have you thought about that? Have you considered this? Have you paid attention to this? Are you learning this? Are you doing this? This would be good for you if you did. And so it's a mission, but that comes from the soul, that comes from the heart. And there's nothing we can do about this. We have to do it because if we weren't to share what we believe we know with the world and that is helpful to others and can help them be healthier.

Erwan (55:36.257)

and happier, then we would feel very lame and very selfish. So that's something we must do. All right, so back to the regulation. Everything we do is regulation.

Daniel Vitalis (55:41.263)

you

Erwan (55:55.765)

and everyone is regulating all the time. So when we hear about nervous system regulation,

we think of some whatever protocol, whatever meditation or breath work that we need to do.

Daniel Vitalis (56:10.256)

Yeah.

Erwan (56:16.463)

Everybody has a nervous system. Why? Because everybody is a nervous system.

Hello, that's where we are. So that nervous system is constantly regulating itself.

So when we eat, we regulate. When we don't eat, we also regulate. Because we're digesting. When we move, even if it's standing and walking a few steps, we regulate. When we walk the door outside, we regulate. We don't just regulate the dog, we regulate ourselves too.

Daniel Vitalis (56:52.304)

Yeah.

Erwan (56:54.381)

And then when we sit, we regulate. When we think we regulate, when we want a distraction through a show or something, we won't be free of concern. We are regulating too, because at some point thinking means being concerned and concerning ourselves. And then it become overwhelming and we're like, wait a minute. Okay, I was trying to regulate.

my situation and my life and my relationship and my job and my future. I was trying to regulate it with my thoughts and now I'm overwhelmed. I need to watch a show so I can be free of concern for a moment. That's regulation, my friend. We are constantly regulating. And so when we observe people who live differently and think differently,

Daniel Vitalis (57:41.52)

you

Erwan (57:49.463)

A typical response to that is, well, that's stupid, or I would never do this and whatnot.

we can be judgmental about the way others regulate.

Daniel Vitalis (58:06.384)

Mm-hmm.

Erwan (58:07.235)

But the thing is that everyone regulates according to a conscious and most importantly and most often an unconscious way of surviving. It's all about staying alive. Survival. And then you say survival because you can do more in surviving. You can actually thrive. But when people seem to

make bad decisions and have toxic behavior.

We think, that's really bad. These people are bad. Why are they doing this? Et cetera. But we must understand that from their perspective, they're doing the right thing. From their perspective, they're regulating themselves, their actions in the way that currently at this stage of their life and their existence, they believe is the ideal way to survive.

Daniel Vitalis (58:56.88)

Mmm.

Erwan (59:10.185)

ideal way to regulate. So everybody has their own way. So it's true that it's not that we cannot judge. We can judge because we have the rights to have different views and different ways and a different understanding.

Daniel Vitalis (59:26.478)

Discernment too,

Erwan (59:28.749)

We can at least observe and have an evaluation of how others think and how others behave and how others live and say, well, not for me or not as good as mine or not as desirable, not as fruitful. That's totally fine. But in the end,

You can't live these people's life on their behalf. It's their life the same way nobody can live your life. So the question is not the diversity. The question is to find the principles or to remember the principles. Because you find them when you remember them. You remember the principles.

that are universal to all of us.

A very simple way to start is to understand biological principles.

If you understand that there are biological principles that apply to everybody's health. So if you don't breathe good air, if you don't sleep enough, if you don't eat enough, or if you eat too much, or if you don't have the right kind of food, anyone will agree that, yeah, if I do this, my health, therefore my biological self is never going to...

Erwan (01:01:01.199)

deprive or to suffer universally deprive anybody from sleep and they will crumble very fast okay

Daniel Vitalis (01:01:08.88)

Yeah.

Erwan (01:01:12.943)

Can anybody say, no, not me, I'm different? No. There are rules, there are principles. You cannot reinvent yourself biologically because there are laws. And if you mess with them, you can. It's your freedom. It's your free will. But there will be consequences for you if you understand that from the biological perspective.

Would it be surprising that the same applies to the mind? And that the same applies to the spirit? Spiritual life? It's exactly the same. There are principles. Either you understand them, you learn them, or you remember them, and then you respect them, or honor them, and apply them, and you will thrive. And if you don't, then you will suffer. Hello, it's just, it's so simple. So...

before you think about the details, should I eat more meat, less meat, should I sleep more, what about circadian rhythm, it's great.

Principles, principles, principles. Understand that base. So, yes, nobody is gifted a manual for life at birth. Yeah, there's so much we need to figure out. But once we figure out, it's not just a consideration like, you you read a self-help book and you find it interesting and you put it back on the shelf.

And you never applied any of the tips or drills that were in there. You must apply and you must apply not just once, but every single day, even at night. Even when you wake up, you need to remember yourself of who you are, how you should live and what you're here for. Program yourself, constantly program yourself, constantly impact your own mind.

Daniel Vitalis (01:03:10.597)

you

Erwan (01:03:20.121)

because we are ruled by programs, but we're ruled by programs and beliefs that if they are unquestioned, they rule us. And in every single day, we're going to make thousands of decisions except we don't consciously make them.

So if you want to change your life.

obviously in the direction of an improvement.

Erwan (01:03:54.859)

and knowing that nobody is going to do it for you.

You must do it to yourself. So you must know the direction. You must know the how to. You must learn it. You must investigate. You must self-examine. And once you realize, this is good, but this is not. This is exactly what I need to improve. I need to change if I want the improvement that I want. Next to self-examination is then self-ministering.

You've got to minister yourself or coach yourself, whatever word you want to use. You must make the decisions. You must commit. You must discipline. That is a lot of effort. And that effort is going to lead you to a new, better, but also unfamiliar version of who you are now. And that's where most people will crumble because they are intimidated by a new version of themselves.

not because it's not desirable, improvement is always desirable, but because it's new and unfamiliar. Therefore, it's a threat to your current consensus, your current state is something that unconsciously we all preserve. So it's very hard to evolve. So regularly,

Daniel Vitalis (01:05:13.868)

Hmm.

Daniel Vitalis (01:05:21.777)

It's also a threat to the people around you very often too. And so you have to navigate outside voices who don't want you to change because either it highlights something that they also want to change but aren't, or maybe it threatens their worldview or whatever it is. But you've got yourself to contend with and the outside world to contend with too.

Erwan (01:05:39.032)

Yeah.

Yes, this is why we feel threatened when people have divergent or diverse ideas, different ideas, because their worldview threatens ours. Unless if we are extremely secure with who we are and how we think, then it doesn't matter whatever whoever thinks whatever, we'd never feel threatened by it because we're very secure.

Daniel Vitalis (01:06:03.173)

I thought I was very secure till I got married and then I started to realize, there's all kinds of things that trigger me because I'm not as secure as I thought, you

Erwan (01:06:13.431)

Right, well that's one of the beautiful things about such a relationship is the mirroring effect.

Regulation is what we do every day.

recalibration is what I was talking about and it's completely different because in when you recalibrate you shift the baseline and that can be physiologically that can be at the level of another system or spiritually

And what I'm talking about is not just managing the moment because that's what regulation is about managing the moment. I'm talking about shifting the baseline. I'm talking about permanent changes for good. You don't go back to the old self. You don't go back to the old behaviors and the old struggles and the old beliefs and the old whatever. You don't go back to the old experience.

that experience that you didn't like and that you wanted to change. Instead of just regulating it briefly, temporarily, and then going back to your baseline and having to do the regulation again. You can't do that for the rest of your life. You've never changed anything because the problem comes back because you have not changed to change as in permanently, not just about a regulation.

Erwan (01:07:52.193)

It's recalibration we're talking about and it's an entirely new concept or different concept. I'll talk about it. I have a whole chapter of my new book dedicated to it. So, you know, when you were saying, well, my friends, we talk about nervous system regulation. I do talk about nervous system regulation too, but I'm not, I'm not really interested in it.

because it's too temporary for me. I'm interested in permanent changes. You know, it's like if you are a spiritual person, then you have a real epiphany, or then you make a real choice and make a real commitment. You don't go back to your old self. You don't go back to your old ways because that's it. You made a commitment.

So it's life changing.

You do not want to return to what it was because it would be so... You would feel extremely disappointed in yourself. Right? You'd be like, no, back to square one. And in truth, that's what everybody wants. They really want a true change and leave aspects of their old self, not the whole old self, because a lot of it is good.

But the thing is that we don't complain about what is good about ourselves. And unfortunately, we all have goodness in ourselves, but we complain about what we don't like. And we keep complaining as long as we haven't found the way to leave that behind to make it part of an old self. So it's the renewal of the physiology.

Daniel Vitalis (01:09:16.987)

you

Erwan (01:09:38.241)

Is the renewal of the nervous system, the renewal of the spirit that we're talking about, all levels of energy, we need them all.

Daniel Vitalis (01:09:46.631)

Mm-hmm.

Erwan (01:09:47.887)

to be complete.

Daniel Vitalis (01:09:50.483)

Talk to me about how, well, I guess I wanna talk a little bit about the relationship of breath here because my whole life now, I've been hearing this message that the thing that connects sort of like the mind and the body or what connects the spirit to the body is the breath, know, and that this idea of.

something that's autonomic and also something that can be taken under conscious control, you know, it's a really unique process and You know if we were looking at yoga or something, you know, you got all these breath practices and pranayama or something But I've seen you talking a lot about breath holding and most of my exposure to breath holding was around free diving but not as a I think for a different reason and so I saw something you wrote recently that

think you said that holding your breasts like a willpower gym. a lot of what we were talking about before, making changes, one thing I've noticed over the years as I've made changes in my life and grown and grown and grown and walked up the steps of the pyramid higher and higher and higher as I go, when I was younger I'd be like, why is no one else interested in this? It seemed like everyone around me just didn't wanna grow. I was so confused. And one thing I've learned is a lot of people just struggle with willpower. mean they just.

They want to make changes, they know the change, they make it a couple days, they fall back and they just can't seem to lock in. And other people seem to be able to do it better and have more willpower. I don't know, like I just don't know how I developed mine. I certainly can't take credit for it. I think a lot of it was like the hard knocks of my childhood were just really bad and it forced me to have to be able to.

make decisions and stick to them and think my way through things because I it was like a survival thing and I I'm I'm grateful today I didn't grow up easy because I I see that that's actually one of the things that can Not always but can really hold someone back is like too much ease. Well, you talked about it before it's like we kill ourselves with comfort. So Yeah, i'm curious this idea when I you know, when I hold my breath a long time It's uncomfortable It's uncomfortable man, and there's You've got something in you scream

Daniel Vitalis (01:12:03.027)

You know, if people think running's hard or they think exercise is swimming's hard, it's like, try holding your breath. mean, the signals come very fast to stop. I wanna explore that and I'm curious in the big picture way, it just seems like this practice has transformed your life. I mean, I've been watching just on the edges over the last few years and it's like, wow, this direction seems like it's been profound and I've watched it change over the years. I'm just so curious about

Erwan (01:12:30.095)

True, has really been a game changer for me and the...

the evolution I wanted that I was consciously or unconsciously pursuing finally happened at that stage of my life through rediscovering breath holding in a new way and where should I start because there's so much that I could talk about here but we're talking about regulation we're talking about recalibration

talking about how change is hard and your assessment was that people lacked willpower and I have a different view on this Daniel but it's true willpower is very important

of what's going to enable change because willpower will ensure the continuity of the effort necessary for that change. We understand that change is sometimes easy but most of the time it is not.

So it's not that we want to make change not easy, but it happened to typically not be easy. Therefore we need commitment, we need endurance. Therefore we need self-discipline and well-power is the foundation of self-discipline. But there is something else which is value.

Erwan (01:14:20.781)

which means that we need to value the change we truly want. If we don't truly want it, it's very likely we will quit. Not because it was too hard, but because we didn't actually want it hard enough. If you truly value the change that you say you want, you will find a way, not an excuse. You will...

harass yourself or obsess yourself until you find that key and unlock that door and step into that new room where you can experience that new better version of you. I'm kind of speaking metaphorically here but so how much value it is the most important because

then you basically have a covenant with yourself.

Erwan (01:15:22.231)

that this vision you have of you is what you pursue and that you will achieve no matter what.

It is not a habit you are concurring.

Erwan (01:15:40.469)

It is a new, more desirable experience of who you are. That's what you want.

Erwan (01:15:53.679)

commit to that vision of you that is a future you and yet it already is the version you have chosen to be and to experience. You're not going to let go of that expectation until the outcome is experienced. Now that's where willpower will come from.

because now you are plugging your willpower into the real source of power which is very strong, very healthy desire.

Daniel Vitalis (01:16:26.803)

you

Daniel Vitalis (01:16:30.3)

Yeah.

Erwan (01:16:31.735)

And I know how much crap is being taught, said about desire by Eastern philosophy and I call it bullshit because desire is the most important...

Daniel Vitalis (01:16:42.867)

Yeah.

Erwan (01:16:47.983)

Process in life if you don't have any desire. What are you a plant in a pot?

Daniel Vitalis (01:16:54.899)

Heh.

Erwan (01:16:56.291)

waiting for right amount of sunshine and the right amount of nutrients and the right amount of water and you have no other agenda but to wait. I'm telling you that even a green plant in a pot has the desire to be healthy and to stay alive and to proliferate and to thrive. So someone who doesn't have desire is a highly depressed person.

Daniel Vitalis (01:17:24.051)

Yeah, well said.

Erwan (01:17:25.935)

and maybe a suicidal person. person who said, you know what, there's no interest for me. There's nothing in this weird thing called life for me. I'm not interested any longer in nothing, not in meeting new people, and nothing. Who, unfortunately, some people are trapped in that mindset, in that...

Daniel Vitalis (01:17:43.474)

you

Erwan (01:17:54.009)

condition of the psyche. It's terrible. It's terrible for themselves and it's terrible for the people who are around them. Because this is not a meaningful way to live life. Life is a beautiful opportunity to thrive, a beautiful opportunity to learn. And yes, there's gonna be difficulties and yes, suffering will be part of it. But nonetheless, it's worthy. Nonetheless, it's desirable. Nonetheless, we are in it. We're in the game. So we'd better do the best.

we can with it about it. therefore desire is what? Desire is inviting an outcome.

For what? What is the outcome? The outcome is you. The outcome is a specific way to experience that experience that you are. That's why we want things. Why do you want to quit smoking? I want to eat healthy. I want to regulate and learn that nervous system regulation. I want to meditate. I want to do breath work. What is it that you want?

Exactly. you want the experience that comes from it. You want to have that experience. Yeah, you want to be that experience in the moment. You want to be the experience of a slimmer person, of a stronger person, of a more capable person, maybe of the richer person, maybe of the kinder person.

Daniel Vitalis (01:19:12.755)

you

Erwan (01:19:35.331)

maybe of a more spiritual person. You want to be the experience of a calm mind, of a happy heart, of a clear soul. Those are the experiences that you want not to have, but to be. And this is why you're plotting with yourself and life and the world, because you have a desire to invite those outcomes.

And those outcomes are those, that diversity of desirable experiences, because that's what you call life. And that's what it is about. It's not about the new car. It's about how you feel when you drive a new car in the neighborhood.

Erwan (01:20:24.715)

It's not about, in fact, the game that you catch. It's about like, achieve this and I am feeding me and my family and my pets and it's real and it's raw and it's authentic and it's the experience. It's how you feel. How you feel. All right. So back to desires. We have desires.

Daniel Vitalis (01:20:46.771)

Hmm.

Erwan (01:20:54.765)

Desires are good. Healthy desires are healthy. Good desires are

And so that's what we pursue. That's why we do everything we do. So back to the training of the breath holding. Why would I want to torture myself, depriving myself from oxygen and for minutes at a time? Because just in case, probably most people in your audience don't know I've broken the US national.

record for breath holding with the CMAS organization three times. Current record is at 7 minutes 29 seconds but I've held my breath up to eight minutes.

Daniel Vitalis (01:21:33.172)

Wow.

Daniel Vitalis (01:21:43.858)

What are you talking about? That's crazy.

Erwan (01:21:43.977)

it's not a record at all, nowhere near a world record, but it's, it's beyond the time performance.

Time does not really matter. It's what it does to you as a practice, a practicing in a skill.

So you see when you say, hey, pay attention to my food and then I memorize things and I pray and then I do these games and I train my mind and I train my body and all. You're treating yourself who you are, the entirety of who you are, Daniel, as a skill, as a range of skills within one skill, the skill of being, of being that worthy being, of being that worthy life. Also because you're a believer and therefore you believe that it's

It's your duty. It's a spiritual duty. It's a moral and spiritual duty. I like to say movement is a biological duty. Eating well, sunlight, sunshine, nature, all of that, they're biological duties. But in fact, keeping your biology, your God-given biology that's hopefully inherently perfect from birth is a duty. It's a moral duty to maintain that biological health.

and biological competency, but the same applies to the mind, to the cognitive system that we are, and the same applies to the soul, because it's a spiritual system as well. And it's not meant to be like a green plant in a pot waiting for circumstances to be good. And if you're lucky, you have a good life. And if you're not lucky, you don't have a good life. That's complete bullshit. Where is will power? Where is free will? Where is intention? Where is the beauty of intention, intention in action?

Erwan (01:23:35.435)

intention in motion, readjusting every day through choices, conscious choices, assessment, examination, self-ministering. That is why we are here. Nobody is ever going to do any of that for you.

Daniel Vitalis (01:23:52.243)

Right.

Erwan (01:23:54.679)

You are in charge.

Daniel Vitalis (01:23:57.461)

That's why I hate when people talk about privilege. you know, it's not that I don't understand what they mean, it's like I didn't have those privileges growing up, but I wanted certain things so bad. I had that desire for experiences and for life, and that caused me to overcome many challenges and to go do things that I could have easily said, well, that's out of reach. I don't have the privilege. But when I hear that from people, again, I understand what they're trying to communicate. I know it's harder for some than others, but.

You got a lot of opportunity here. You just have to want it and then do all those steps you're talking about to get where you want to go.

Erwan (01:24:32.003)

Yeah, we are all born with circumstances that do play a big part in making or influencing who we become later in life. But ultimately, there is also so much that has to do with our understanding and what it is that we pursue, what is it that we want and the beliefs we have about ourselves.

and then the decisions we make and then the effort we put into making what happens into making the experience that we are happen with the contrast that we've chosen where we live with who we eat with the music we listen to the hobbies we entertain the profession we choose all these things all these are

It's the contrast, it's what's really unique to each of us, the way we look, the way we think, our activities, our decisions, all of that. But ultimately, what is truly universal to all of us is the scope of emotions we go through and then the principles that rule us or that should rule us or that we should regulate and rule ourselves.

42.

Erwan (01:26:04.941)

And that's what makes a difference between people who tend to thrive and others who tend not to. And then also the people who whine. So when people talk about privilege, those people are whiners. The problem is that they are disempowered because they believe that whatever advantages they perceive you have over Vom is because you're lucky and it was given to you and they were not lucky and nothing was given to Vom and therefore, you know, they can't make it.

they can't be successful in life. Well, that is victim mentality that is extremely disempowering. I worked in factories, car factories. I've picked up potatoes in fields.

among other shitty jobs that I've done. If I compare my life to my dad's he was a heavy smoker and he didn't care about what he ate and his exercise was to go walk. He walked a lot, that's good, but he did not exercise or anything and he struggled his whole adult life with health issues and I know that he was

smart but he was not happy. So there are decisions that he made that negatively impacted his physical health, mental health and spiritual health and I've observed that and I've learned from it. Because sometimes you learn thanks to or because of. So you have kind of examples. So you need to be again discriminate.

Daniel Vitalis (01:27:45.791)

Yeah.

Erwan (01:27:52.505)

So there's critical thinking about ideas, but there are critical thinking about everything. Critical thinking is just intelligence, just intelligent thinking. Leverage the power of your God given intelligence to make your life better. And it's not just making more money. It's way more than that. So much more than that. And the biology is a foundation for you to thrive. But then...

The spiritual side is just like hello if you don't understand that in fact

Erwan (01:28:36.483)

There's no switch off spirituality. What is that? Spiritual life, well, I don't really care, or maybe later, yeah, maybe if I go to Bali, to Ashram, then I'll have, maybe I'll have a spiritual moment, but otherwise I'm not a spiritual person. But what are you even talking about?

Daniel Vitalis (01:28:46.195)

Yeah. Right.

Erwan (01:29:00.107)

Every moment is spiritual. Even the criminal is a spiritual person. No, they're bad, they can't be spiritual. The question is never are you spiritual or are not spiritual? The question is how spiritual are you? In what kind? The bad kind? The mean kind? The mindless kind? The cynical kind?

Erwan (01:29:30.271)

or the spiritual kind which is like right it's like yeah you're attentive to the processes of the intangible that is actually that are actually extremely tangible when you pay closer attention to that so when you ask people do you have a soul

and most people will say yeah I do. My next question is where is it?

Did you leave it at home? Is it in your car, in your backpack, in your drawer? Where is it? Because you have one, right? So it's like one of your possessions, one of your belongings. There's no place because you don't have one, you are one. Once you realize that, you are a soul, therefore your whole experience, everything that you are is primarily spiritual, of spiritual nature. Okay.

Daniel Vitalis (01:30:10.773)

Hmm.

Daniel Vitalis (01:30:17.599)

Mm-hmm.

Erwan (01:30:29.259)

Once we understand that, now you tell me where is the switch?

Daniel Vitalis (01:30:35.817)

Yeah, there isn't one.

Erwan (01:30:37.571)

There isn't one. There's no on and off. It's always on. So even when you're mindless, you're spiritual. When you're mindful, you're spiritual. When you're kind, you're spiritual. When you're mean, you're spiritual. It's not a matter of yes or no or to be or not to be. It's you are. The question is how.

Daniel Vitalis (01:30:54.985)

Mm-hmm.

Erwan (01:30:59.087)

and therefore how do you operate that spiritual energy that you are?

And so that is way beyond just considering is a ketogenic diet good for you or not.

Should you peptides or not? And what peptides? Think of peptides for the soul. What is it? Prayer?

Gratefulness, good deeds, all of that. Those will make you thrive in a way that peptides will never make you thrive. Those are priorities. There's the top of the pyramid. The rest is below. right. So hierarchy. There's always a hierarchy. There's always like, you know, values and you know, what's

Daniel Vitalis (01:31:38.229)

Yeah.

Erwan (01:31:57.017)

higher and what's lower, it's real. Those are real considerations. All right, so I don't even know where we really were going and what was the origin.

Daniel Vitalis (01:32:06.518)

Well, I was asking about, guess what I wanted, you're stimulating kind of a new question. Okay, so as we become more aware that we're spiritual beings and that every experience is a spiritual experience, then in the same way that when I realize I have a physical body, maybe there's things I want to do for the health of that body. If I'm an emotional being, if I'm an intellectual being, if I'm a sexual being, then all of those things have inputs and outputs that are important.

How do you perceive, I think I'm especially asking this right now because the world's reaching this inflection point. It's getting crazy out there and it's getting hard to interpret what's happening. And if people aren't really well founded and grounded in something spiritual, this is a tough time to navigate. And I think especially, you you mentioned like sort of almost like psychic or spiritual predation that's taking place. Like we're in a spiritual ecosystem in some.

might be a way to say it. And people are becoming aware like, wait a second, a lot of these things that I thought were there for my good are actually not there for my good. And people are, there's sort of an awakening happening. But also the people are overwhelmed with this moment in time. so, right, cause it's like AI, it's UAPs and aliens, it's, my God, they're eating babies. It's just like all this stuff, like all at once. It's like coming.

bowling us over. How do you see caring for your soul? Because I think that's what's coming out of this conversation. It's like we talked about caring for your body, how we care for our minds. How do we care for that soul? Or like how do you see that? How do you do that? And I hear from you as you speak, I talk to a lot of smart people, I wouldn't say I talk to a lot of wise people.

You know, lot of intelligent people, but not often a lot of wisdom, right? And you hear these tech gurus, they're very intelligent, but it's like they have not even have the wisdom of a child sometimes. So I perceive wisdom in you as well as intelligence. And so I know that comes from cultivation. don't just, know, wisdom's not easily won. So yeah, like how do you see the development of the soul and keeping the soul healthy?

Erwan (01:34:30.095)

I realized that I also owe you an answer about why breath holding, but I'll get back to you.

Daniel Vitalis (01:34:30.28)

in a difficult time like this.

Daniel Vitalis (01:34:36.827)

Yeah.

Erwan (01:34:44.143)

So I'm a believer, I'm non-religious believer.

I believe in God.

Erwan (01:34:54.903)

and

verse with God all the time and acknowledge Him and His presence.

Erwan (01:35:07.351)

all the time if i wake up at night when i wake up in the morning during the day so it's an ongoing relationship

Erwan (01:35:20.941)

that I discovered later in life.

Erwan (01:35:29.768)

Are today's time more preoccupying than in the past?

maybe, maybe not, maybe in a different way, in a specific way. Let's imagine you would be alive during World War I or World War II.

and not knowing what the world would become and then the Cold War meant people were afraid that there would be a nuclear world war and that everything would be wiped off the planet. do you even, how can you enjoy, how can you have happiness or, you know, start a family, have children thinking about such a possibility? So is it different today? Not really.

But it is in the sense that the technologies are placing devices in our hands and in front of our eyes and basically are flooding our minds.

not everybody, but most people a lot. And there is a discovery for most people about some of the...

Erwan (01:36:58.211)

horrific systems at their own groups and what they're doing and it's been revealed publicly.

I've been a conspiracy theorist almost my whole life because I was reading books about it the few that one could find back in the days talking about you know I was 20 years old I'm pushing 55 so that's more than three decades ago that I already knew about a lot of that I was literally going to movies in my 20s

Daniel Vitalis (01:37:18.238)

Right? Yeah.

Erwan (01:37:38.017)

especially science fiction movies like Total Recall with Schwarzenegger and all whatever movies like that always thinking they are preparing us for what they are preparing the way they are designing the world to be for us they want to wipe our memory they want us to have a chip in the brain and all these things

Erwan (01:38:02.633)

You know when COVID happened, that's when people started to question and that's when things started to unravel and then the people started to be more vocal about these realities were ostracized. was part of them.

And now you have people who do entire business just out of, know, being conspiracy theorists that they make a lot of money out of it. Good for them. But yeah, the world is.

Very wicked.

Daniel Vitalis (01:38:45.398)

Yeah.

Erwan (01:38:46.369)

Okay, so you must spiritually shield yourself.

Erwan (01:38:54.031)

So what you do is that you read the Bible, you pray, you learn scriptures. Either you understand that this is real or you don't and if you don't, well good luck. It's that simple. So there is that and then it's I believe in grace.

Erwan (01:39:23.693)

So I believe in a self in, okay. In the world of psychology, you have terms such as self-induced mood induction, self-induced moods. Basically you can choose what your mood is.

Daniel Vitalis (01:39:45.15)

Yeah.

Erwan (01:39:45.999)

They said, thank you. no, that person told me that and I'm pissed. that's gonna happen. I'm anxious

Daniel Vitalis (01:39:52.338)

I have no control over my feelings.

Erwan (01:39:54.383)

I'm like driftwood on an ocean of emotions. Sometimes there's no wind, sometimes there's storm and depending on that I'm drifting in the currents and I have no control on my inner state. I believe in grace and therefore what actually breath-holding practice has taught me is exactly that.

Daniel Vitalis (01:39:58.44)

Yeah.

Erwan (01:40:24.279)

I'm actually going to bridge the question you just asked and the one you asked before. In breath holding, I hold my breath for minutes at a time. So you can imagine the level of stress that I have to handle because physiologically it's horrendous. Anybody who's tried knows how difficult it is. And yet I can meditate through those states. I don't do the conventional meditation, okay, because that's it doesn't work. Just observe your thoughts and let them pass. That's bullshit. It doesn't work.

Erwan (01:40:57.721)

That's not the meditation I do.

My meditation, what I call meditation is extremely clear intention and impeccable attention. To what? To the experience that I want to experience. Therefore to the experience that I want to be in the moment.

What is this physiological stress going to do? Physiology becomes neurological. Neurology is the cerebral part of physiology, basically. It's the physiology of the brain. It's still biological.

And then the higher level of hierarchy is the mind, the conscious mind. And what the mind wants and what it believes and what it establishes. stress is going to make me what? It's the perception of threat. The body knows, dude, if you don't stop this madness right now, we're all going to die in here, okay? We're running out of oxygen. We've calculated you have, you know,

three minutes left and after that, boom, done. Which consciously you already know that it's not going to happen because you know that there's a point where you will breathe. It's called the breaking point. So no, you're not going to die. But explain to me, how can you...

Erwan (01:42:31.627)

meditate in the presence of stress, a stress that normally you cannot stop, that actually increases in intensity by the second. And you cannot do breath work to soothe it, to regulate it. You cannot leverage breath work, which normally is like, you need to regulate your nervous system work.

Daniel Vitalis (01:42:58.125)

because it'd normally be your number one tool, but it's out the window because you're not breathing. that's interesting. Wow.

Erwan (01:43:03.509)

Exactly.

So how do you regulate? Not through a breath, since you're not breathing.

So if you're like a breath work facilitator, you're like, oh my God, I'm out of tools here, I don't know. I try to relax. Yeah, don't try to relax. Relax. How do you relax when you cannot dismiss the stress, you cannot stop the stress and it keeps growing in intensity and now you cannot do breath work to do anything about it. The answer is,

through pure intention.

You do not need breath work. You never did. It's a placebo.

Erwan (01:43:54.573)

Because if you want to regulate your mind, my friend, instead of doing breath work, which actually up-regulate your nervous system, it's a stressor, it's an activation, it's like shifts you into the aroused state more. It's not going to relax you if you hyperventilate, but there's also like slow breathing. Slow breathing would be way better, except if you hold your breath, there's no slow breathing. There's no breathing at all.

So the only way to do it is through pure intention and it works. So when you are feeling agitated, you may do breath work and maybe it's gonna work or you may do Tai Chi or yoga or slow dancing. You may maybe play some reggae and dance some reggae and you know what? If you believe

Erwan (01:44:50.361)

that it will calm you, then it will. Because placebo is real, because what is placebo is the power of belief.

Erwan (01:45:02.669)

So when I experience impatience, and you will see how this Daniel is completely spiritual in the end, because we may talk about psychology or neurology or philosophy. There are just different words for spirituality, for talking about consciousness. So when you become impatient, because obviously you want the breathful to stop,

I mean, at least if you're a beginner, see, you make a decision. I'm overriding my autonomic nervous system. So I stop breathing. Otherwise you would keep breathing, obviously.

You made a conscious decision. You know it would put you in a state of alarm of physical stress, physiological stress, neurological stress, emotional stress, mental stress. You know you're getting for stress. Why would you even do that to yourself, my friend?

There's no point. So either you were told, well, just do it. It's good for you. And you're all, well, it's supposed to be good for me. So let's do it. And you try it. It's hard. then you'd be like, there's probably like more pleasant things to do are good for me than this. So you need to understand that you are going to leverage the stress as an opportunity for growth, for physiological growth.

Daniel Vitalis (01:46:21.639)

You

Erwan (01:46:36.687)

neurological growth, mental, emotional, spiritual growth. That's what you need to understand. In other words, you have to be deliberate, intentional, strategic, methodical, but you're not doing that for no reason. You're doing that because you have decided to expose yourself to a stress that is supposed to cause you, oh my God, I'm impatient, it's hard, I don't want to do it anymore, how long is this going to last, and I can't do this, and whatever.

and being agitated in always again physical, physiological, emotional, mental. And now you created the perfect position or situation or opportunity.

choose how you behave, to choose who you are and how you experience yourself not because of external circumstances that happen to actually be internal physiological circumstances but because out of your pure intention.

So you want to be patient because you feel impatient. So you're like, my God, I wish I was patient, but I got to wait another 30 seconds. Okay. How are we going to have patience? You can't download it online. You can order it on Amazon. You can't take a pill to be patient. So how will you have a quality, which is patience?

Daniel Vitalis (01:48:04.599)

you

Erwan (01:48:14.839)

And how will you experience a state which is the state of being patient?

The only way you can is to do the patience, means to produce it, to generate it. And once you do, once you induce that mood, the mood of patience that you've selected for yourself, that's your desirable experience. That's your desire. That's the outcome you invite and you produce it. Then you become it.

And nobody can do that for you. You get what you give. In order to get what you give, you need to give first. So you need to produce. How do you produce it? Complete belief and intention. I call that the antidote.

Erwan (01:49:17.101)

So the more you train to do that, the better you become at it because it's just like practicing a skill, except that it's not the skill of tennis or shooting or something that's to a degree external to you. It's not fully external to you, but you know what I mean? It's the most...

It looks like the most intangible thing, but in fact it's the most tangible. Because when you really look at it in life, what is it that we need to be successful to have a good life or a pleasant life? We need all these qualities. Because difficulties come at us. External variables that challenge us, that threaten us, that bother us, that disturb us. And when those happen from the outside, we need what? We need to be patient. We need to be clear. We need to be...

have resolve, need to have resiliency, we need to be composed, we need to be kind also and compassionate sometimes, etc. All kind of values. How do we ever train them?

Erwan (01:50:25.881)

So you hold your breath, you create a physiological stress that you expose your mind to and your emotional self and your spiritual self, and then you get to work. The work of practicing the desirable version of who you are because of your chosen responses. And now you start to shift your baseline because you're not just regulating in the moment, you are regulating in the moment.

Daniel Vitalis (01:50:51.938)

Yeah.

Erwan (01:50:53.753)

But because you do that so consistently, it starts to become a recalibration. And now you shift the baseline. And now patients come to you way easier and relaxation and trust. Trust is the pillar. Trust is like, how do you hold your breath? What happens when you hold your breath? The question is, what do you choose to make to happen to you?

Daniel Vitalis (01:51:08.12)

Mm-hmm.

Erwan (01:51:23.149)

when you hold your breath. Well, it's about you need to control the mind. Okay, who controls the mind?

The mind that you are controls itself. But you want more than just survival. You want more than just, my God, it so hard and I was impatient and I was agitated, but I made it to one minute, woo hoo. No. It's better to do 30 seconds, have that time, but to be composed and clear and in trust while there was there, because of the triggers of physiology, there was a temptation.

multiple times to quit, multiple times to not commit, multiple times to be agitated, multiple times to be impatient, multiple times to have negative thoughts, multiple times to basically be a non-desirable expression of a spiritual energy that you are. That's how spiritual I see this practice. And of course, it's also completely rational scientifically from a neurological perspective.

Right? So when you learn to not just regulate yourself like that, you regulate yourself in the moment, but then ultimately you recalibrate yourself and imagine how this prepares you better for life.

Daniel Vitalis (01:52:41.848)

Mm-hmm.

Daniel Vitalis (01:52:47.65)

Yeah.

Erwan (01:52:48.975)

You know, you're going to have anxiety, going to have impatience, you're going to have frustration, maybe remuneration, all of that.

or the temptations to entertain those moods. And then you're like, wake up. Is that what you want? Is that the experience you want for yourself in this moment? Absolutely not.

Daniel Vitalis (01:53:02.935)

Mm-hmm.

Yeah. Wow.

Daniel Vitalis (01:53:12.962)

Wow. I feel like you're talking about the most important thing. It's like the most important, you know, all the stuff we've talked about before, behaviors, eating good, exercise, all those are like, you know, it's like talking about symptoms instead of the cause. It's like that stuff's all like peripheral, but we've been talking about, well, we talked about willpower and that's got me thinking about, you know, when we talked about God and like, I think the most precious thing we have is our free will. And then you,

You know, we're given this gift of free will and then you look at all these forces that want to take your will and impose their will and get you to give your will to them. And then what you're talking about is instead of lifting the dumbbell or pushing the sled or climbing the tree or any of those things are pushing everything away and learning how to consciously direct your will, which is your gift from God. The thing that you have that an AI can never have and a robot can never have is like true will. And then

learning how to consciously maintain and control and direct your will. mean, it seems like maybe it's like the most important thing in a way, you know, that you could do in a sense.

Erwan (01:54:23.993)

Well, it is, it is because every moment is a choice. Every moment you have the potential awareness.

Daniel Vitalis (01:54:26.805)

Yeah.

Erwan (01:54:38.671)

to shape the experience that you are in every moment the way you want to experience it.

Erwan (01:54:50.777)

So if you feel depressed, can realize, I'm depressed. I'm just giving an example and be like, why would that be? What makes me believe that this experience has to be my experience in this moment?

And you wake up and be like...

Daniel Vitalis (01:55:11.639)

you

Erwan (01:55:14.159)

push that like a fog on the side and you elevate your conscious game and you step into the

Daniel Vitalis (01:55:16.824)

Yeah.

Erwan (01:55:26.371)

the presence, the quality of the presence that you want, that you've desired for yourself, that is your baseline, that is your standard. You seek the excellence of your spirit. You do not want whatever thoughts, whatever thoughts that are just not.

righteous or beautiful or meaningful and emotions that are low vibration. You don't want them. It's a form of

Erwan (01:56:12.834)

aristocracy.

Daniel Vitalis (01:56:15.299)

Yeah.

Erwan (01:56:16.471)

of consciousness. Not because you think that you're superior to anyone, but because you believe in superior levels of being, starting with the spirit that you are within it and how it expresses itself in every moment. That does not make you perfect. That does not shield you from moments of maybe sometimes being upset, impatient, sad.

It does not shield you from

the very nature of human life it does not you're still vulnerable you still can be messy still can be whatever but this is what's gonna change

is the frequency, intensity and duration. Let me explain.

Daniel Vitalis (01:57:11.821)

Yeah.

Erwan (01:57:15.715)

Let's say someone has a tendency because in the end, it's all about helping others.

And all I'm doing here, even I may sound philosophical, not, know, trying to sell my programs. And by the way, I do have an online masterclass, but I'm really trying to provide insights and share insights that have maybe well received.

Daniel Vitalis (01:57:31.327)

Yeah.

Erwan (01:57:42.879)

potential to help. Let's say someone has a tendency for rumination.

Erwan (01:57:55.887)

They're going to find ways to justify why they love to ruminate.

Yeah, but because of that happened in my past or this happened at work. So now I'm going to ruminate. I should have said this. That person said that. Rumination, rumination, rumination, rumination. Is it a pleasant feeling? No. And if you do that hours a day, every day, it's not the most pleasant way to experience life, right? Okay. Everybody will agree with that.

Daniel Vitalis (01:58:11.833)

You

Daniel Vitalis (01:58:26.777)

And you're building your rumination muscle.

Erwan (01:58:29.963)

If you are depressed, same thing. If you are always upset, same thing. We all can agree that those emotions, their feelings, their emotions, their states of the mind, it's also very emotional. It has to do the nervous system. So basically it makes us feel like shit. Period. And that's a fact. Nobody really wants that. But some people have a tendency of entertaining that very frequently. Why? Because...

They are trained. They don't know they trained for it, but they've been doing that for so many years that now their nervous system is trained to be very good at it. So now it's also an addiction. They need it. They need it. They need it. Their nervous system needs it to feel itself. If the rumination, because I gave that example, was to go away, all of a sudden it would feel like they're a different person. And then they would...

Enter the threatening territory of unfamiliarity. I'm a new version of myself that does not ruminate. This is weird. I don't like it. Let's go back to rumination. Program.

So first off, one, the person needs to become aware of that about themselves. Oh, that's a pattern. It comes back all the time. Why? The question is probably not why. The question is, maybe you can understand why, but is it desirable or not? Do you want to change or not? Yes? Okay. Well, then some work is going to be needed. First, you need to become metacognitively aware.

Metacognition, all the ability to look at yourself as if you were a different person on the other side of the room watching you and be like, that person is doing that. Like being able to read your own mind and watching it, witnessing it and be like, mm-hmm.

Daniel Vitalis (02:00:33.113)

You

Erwan (02:00:37.505)

And then the one observer would be like, me? Like me? And then the other one would be like, it's the, you know, your, your, your double, right? Your copy, your, be like, you're doing it. You know, no, I'm not doing it. yes, you were doing it. You know, you're doing that. What am I doing? Well, you're doing that thing that you love to do. You're entertaining that behavior that is part of who you believe you are.

you believe that your person is supposed to ruminate all the time. And then not only that, but to believe that there's nothing you can do about it. That's also part of your little tricks you play on yourself so that you don't have to attempt any change. There's nothing I can do about it. Okay, well then self-fulfilling prophecy brother or sister, you know what? You declare there's nothing you can do about it, therefore you don't do anything about it, therefore it never changes. Self-fulfilling prophecy.

Pay attention to your beliefs about yourself because they dictate your experience.

So now you decide you're to change that first stuff you need to become aware. Be like, wait, yeah, I know what I'm doing now. I'm doing this to myself. Nobody's doing that to my brain. My brain is doing that to myself. I'm in a state of rumination. That's my activity of the moment. Somehow I think I'm supposed to do that. And then I justify by explaining, yeah, but not me. It's because of that person and that.

whatever the world, the politics and stuff. There's always a reason that's not you. How convenient and how disempowering.

Erwan (02:02:22.479)

It's never been because of you, huh? Never. No, no. It's always been because of others in the world. Always. Convenient. All right. I know, exactly. And then you're gonna have to become...

Daniel Vitalis (02:02:30.785)

It's a common denominator.

Erwan (02:02:39.023)

do more than just being aware of what you're doing because it's an internal behavior therefore it's something you're doing it's an activity it's an act it's a deed

Daniel Vitalis (02:02:48.089)

you

Erwan (02:02:51.745)

It's nothing else. It's not just, it's happening to me. No, you are doing it. Blame your brain if you want.

But you are doing it, it's an activity, you're occupied doing this for maybe two hours at a time. And then the next step is not just the awareness. Again, the awareness is what? The self-examination I was talking

Erwan (02:03:21.891)

The next is self-ministering. Who is going to change that? Only you can change that. are not paying a coach to be with you 24x7 to ask you about what you doing in your mind and telling you, no you can't do this, you need to do that. I know. Alright. So, that's the next level.

It's not just the ability to be self-aware, which is already very very hard for most people, but it's trainable good news people, it's completely trainable.

The next step is the self-alteration, metacognitive alteration, metacognitive regulation basically, or control, or recalibration. Change it, modify it. but it's too hard. Okay, well again, if you say it's too hard, then you can't do anything. Do it, even if it's hard. All right, so I was saying, you know, I'm just like anybody else. I have my moments in my own mind, but...

what happened is that I'm instantly recognizing them and acknowledging them. I instantly acknowledge that I'm stepping out of grace. I'm stepping out of the most desirable state of the mind and the spirit, which is at peace and clear and grateful and in faith, in trust.

in all the good things, all the goodness that is available to a spirit who believes in it. So I'm entertaining something else. Some things, my God, there's a friend, my God, there's a reason to be frustrated and upset and stuff, all of a sudden, right? So.

Erwan (02:05:10.467)

then you regulate that in the moment and the more often you do that the better you become at it. what I wanted to conclude this with eventually you will observe this and I was talking about frequency, intensity and duration.

Frequency is how often those bouts of, let's say, rumination or upsetness or anger or depression will happen less frequently. That's a good thing. When they will happen, they will reach a lower intensity.

Daniel Vitalis (02:05:48.217)

Yeah.

Erwan (02:05:54.573)

and then their duration will also shrink. So you'll step out of these moods faster. Out of your metacognitive awareness and metacognitive choice, control, selectivity. Basically you become spiritually discriminate of yourself to begin with, none of others in the way they live are. How you conduct your own internal spiritual affairs, starting with how you think and how you feel and your intentions.

Daniel Vitalis (02:06:11.737)

Mm-hmm.

Right. Yeah.

Erwan (02:06:24.087)

all your behaviors. So that is to me the ultimate name of the game. That's the ultimate level of the game and it's consciousness. And that's where I'm at. And I'm teaching that, not, let's say I'm teaching, mindful breath holding where I help people recalibrate their nervous system by temporarily exposing themselves to a mild level of stress.

so that they can better train their response to it. So instead of trying to eliminate stress and to find relaxation, you embrace stress as an opportunity to become more clear, more intentional, more resilient.

more composed and that's the way it happens and then more than just regulating the moment ultimately you shift the baseline and you become a better version of your nervous system a better version of your spiritual self

Daniel Vitalis (02:07:30.873)

It makes so much sense because it's sort of like what we started talking about. The world's always gonna be throwing stress at you. And if you try to shield yourself from that, now you're back in the gym or you're back in the four walls. You're like, well, I've created a safe space and now everything atrophies and breaks down because you've cut yourself off from life or the world or from nature. So much better to be calm in the storm than to never experience a storm because then you're not living.

Erwan (02:07:38.681)

always.

Daniel Vitalis (02:07:57.476)

and storms are part of living. so it seems like James says that he says, count it all joy, my brothers, when you encounter trials of various kinds, because it builds endurance and steadfastness. And it's like, it's exactly what you're talking about. And the world just keeps wanting to pull away all those discomforts for us. And it's like, we have to consciously make sure now to subject ourselves to these challenges or else we just wither away.

Erwan (02:08:24.131)

Yeah, but it's hard. can be hard to regulate oneself or control oneself in the moment of the heat in a relationship. For instance, something is really annoying you and you try to be like, no, gotta stay calm. I gotta stay composed. And then all of a sudden you feel really triggered. It crosses the threshold and then you go, that's enough now. And how do you train that? It's hard to train that.

Daniel Vitalis (02:08:35.705)

Right. Count to 10.

Daniel Vitalis (02:08:53.881)

you

Erwan (02:08:54.891)

In the moment, it's too late. Once you trigger, it's too late. So what you do, and we were talking about doing that with movement. So not training straight up in the wild nature, but bring your movement in a more, more forgiving environments to learn techniques and then gradually expose yourself to more demanding environments. Well, you can do that. That's what you do with breath holding is that you do that.

Daniel Vitalis (02:08:59.181)

Mm-hmm.

Erwan (02:09:24.363)

on your own, you trigger a stress that's not external, it's internal, and you can control its frequency and its intensity. So you can adjust the level of difficulty to where you're at mentally or at the level of nervous system.

But eventually, it has to apply to life.

Erwan (02:09:52.185)

That's the point. But at least when you show up to the regular situations of life, especially interaction with others, professional, friendships, love, whatever, your baseline, it's stronger.

your ability to stay composed, maintain trust and clarity despite the physiological noise and the typical triggers that can destabilize your mind, you've trained that. So you are stronger. So you practice upstream.

But then you've got to apply to the variables, to the real wild life of consciousness, which is your interaction with the world.

Daniel Vitalis (02:10:55.033)

Yeah.

Erwan (02:10:56.097)

So it's the same principle, it's exactly the same.

Daniel Vitalis (02:10:59.705)

I love it. Well, quick question. Like, so let's come from 50,000 feet back down towards the runway here. If I'm, if I want to like start this and I want to, you know, like, I like I have time in my day carved out in the morning where I have my practices before my day starts. I want to hear, you know, like just the basics like get started and then tell us about your programs and like how we can go deeper because obviously, it's not we're not going to unload it all right here right now. So

So like what's a basic starter pack look like and then how do we get involved in like higher levels of it like you're teaching.

Erwan (02:11:32.719)

All right, I can share a wonderful, very simple and potent breathing, breath holding exercise.

if you want to calm down quickly. No hyperventilation, no hard breath holding whatsoever. Anybody can do this. So it's very simple. You will breathe normally. You inhale and you hold. You don't count anything. Do not count. Do not measure time. Feel it.

It's a brief moment. So that would be three seconds, five seconds. Then you exhale, normal. Then you inhale, normal and hold.

Exhale, inhale, hold a few seconds. Very gentle, very easy, very pleasant.

little by little without you trying without you ever pushing you will simply observe or realize that your holes are actually longer and maybe your breaths are a little deeper but you're not trying to push the holes you're not trying to measure time all you do with your mind is to repeat

Erwan (02:13:04.791)

mindfully replicate that exact same pattern slow inhale pause exhale slow inhale pause slow exhale and again and again and again why is this so calming there are many reasons but first is that you have one point of focus that's all you have to do

You must control the breath. So you have to pay attention. And typically what causes us anxiety and being all over the place in our minds, because we're constantly absorbed by different tasks and things to do and things to think about. You take a moment for yourself to just do that. And all you pay attention to is that one simple breathing, breath-holding pattern.

So now you're fully focused. When was the last time you were this focused? For five minutes, 10 minutes. So that's the first reason. Second is that you pause. The breath hold is a pause. You basically take a break and at the same time it's active. So what happens is that you conserve your CO2.

which through the Bohr effect is going to increase your cellular oxygenation. So for people who breathe too fast, all of a sudden their respiratory rate goes down and easily so without them struggling to make it happen, that shifts your nervous system towards the relaxation basically,

Daniel Vitalis (02:14:56.92)

comparison.

Erwan (02:15:00.797)

very sympathetic. So you are

Daniel Vitalis (02:15:03.202)

I feel it happening to me right now, by the way. I've been doing it and I keep wanting to yawn already, because it's like, I've just come in right now.

Erwan (02:15:07.533)

Nice, exact. Right. And this is a nice break because one of the pain points, very universal pain points that most people have with when comes to the mind, thinking too much, thinking too fast, thinking negatively, being distracted, being whatever, all over the place. Now you are tasking yourself in a very specific way. It forces you to be really centered.

but also slower. So there's a physiological aspect to it through the CO2 increases. So basically decreases oxygen intake, but the paradox and it's beneficial is that it increases oxygen uptake. So you lower oxygen intake, there's less oxygen circulate in your lungs. And like, wait a minute, is that a bad thing?

No, it's actually a very good thing because most of the time we breathe way too much oxygen that we can possibly use. But what's the most important is the uptake of oxygen is basically cellular oxygenation. So now you are restoring proper pH in your body, in your tissues, you oxygenate better. What do you think happens to you when your cells are happy with all the oxygen they need is that you start to relax.

So you increase CO2 and you've heard of like those CO2 suits and how CO2 is good. Well, you can increase CO2 by just breathing less, right? And you breathe less when you pause the breath and hold your breath briefly. So all around just experience that, try it. Your mind will calm down also because you slow down the breath.

Daniel Vitalis (02:16:44.682)

Yeah, right.

Erwan (02:17:02.083)

By ordering the breath to be slower, the mind orders itself to be slower.

which is what most people need and want. I want my mind to be calmer. So try that and within two minutes you start to really feel it deeply. After five minutes, 10 minutes, you feel high, but in a good way. And if you want to learn way more than this, because here's the thing, a true method is not made of one...

Daniel Vitalis (02:17:12.024)

most people need.

Daniel Vitalis (02:17:25.057)

Yeah.

Erwan (02:17:36.691)

one size fits all one trick pony exercise this is not a method a true method is made of a diversity of exercises not for the sake of diversity but for the sake of the learning curve and specific application and also lectures so that you understand what it is that you're doing and why you're doing it and why it works and why it matters and this is what people will find in my master class

Daniel Vitalis (02:18:06.584)

Where they find it?

Erwan (02:18:06.703)

The website is called Breath, like breath, hold like hold and work like.

Daniel Vitalis (02:18:15.383)

Cool, and then where do you send people for your book and where do you send people for moving out stuff?

Erwan (02:18:20.815)

Okay, so for the natural movement, it's movnat.com. That's the website.

We have a number of e-courses, we have workshops, and the book is, you can find it in Barnes and Nobles, you can find it on Amazon, and the title is The Practice of Natural Movement.

Daniel Vitalis (02:18:42.21)

all the places.

Daniel Vitalis (02:18:49.304)

This has been wonderful. I feel like a lot of people are gonna wanna listen back a couple times. There's a lot in here. So this is really great. And then if you're like 25 years old hearing this and you're like, I just wanna know about the peptides, just bookmark this one, cause you're wanna come back. feel like this conversation that we had today, you you start, as life goes on, you start caring about these things more, at least for me. I mean, I was always a spiritually aware person and, but.

but I had so much I wanted to do and experience in life and I was so focused on all of that and as time's gone on, I've just realized certain things are more important now than they used to be and I feel like this was a pretty high level conversation as far as high up on the Maslow hierarchy of needs, so to speak. As you climb up those needs and you secure all the things you need, you start to realize, there's things that really matter.

And that's where a lot of our energy has been in this conversation. It's beautiful. And yeah, I just, this was great, man. I really appreciate it. I feel I got a little bit of that relaxation just talking with you today.

You

Erwan (02:19:58.851)

Well, I'll teach you breathful work whenever you want. You'll be delving in a whole new ocean of...

experience and practice of inner abilities.

Daniel Vitalis (02:20:16.683)

Yeah.

Daniel Vitalis (02:20:24.375)

Hmm.

Erwan (02:20:27.545)

We all want those qualities. We all want those qualities that are so helpful in life to live again that successful pleasant life we want. We all want to be patient, composed, to have clarity, to have wisdom, patience, all of that. We typically all believe that we are either lucky with them or not to have them, to have those qualities or not.

And what I'm saying is that it's all trainable. We're also thinking, we got to learn through self-help books, but the problem is that you read the self-help books and you never practice anything. So ultimately, the treasure is from the practice because insight alone is not going to change anything.

It's not the conceptual knowing of any truth that makes a difference. It's the application of it. The real fruit is there. It's the expression of it. And that's where the celebration of that God-given gift

that is life is found. It's truly, every moment is sacred and could be and should be celebrated as such with love and with gratitude and with awareness. And that is in the end, it is my practice. It's not about the breath holding or the breathing. It's not about the nervous system regulation.

It's not about the physical training. Those are tools.

Erwan (02:22:24.505)

The ultimate prize is the experience that you

mindfully.

create and I'm going to tell you what I really believe about that as a believer is that this is the way that I give back to God because He made me, He created me. It's a mysterious

Daniel Vitalis (02:22:49.303)

you

Daniel Vitalis (02:22:55.383)

you

Erwan (02:22:55.939)

mastery and I only get glimpses of that unfathomable wisdom and love and my gratitude is in making my inner life as vibrant as possible.

That's it. It's that simple in the end. There's no like rent.

Daniel Vitalis (02:23:23.415)

I got nothing, nothing I can add to that. Nothing I can add to that, man. Wow. Errol on the core. Thank you so much for this time today. Brilliant.

Erwan (02:23:27.791)

All right.

Erwan (02:23:34.639)

Thank you, Daniel, for this conversation. Thank you so much.

Transcript: Luddites and the AI Reckoning — Brian Merchant #003

Daniel (00:01.752)

Brian Merchant, welcome to the show.

Brian (00:03.9)

thanks so much for having me.

Daniel (00:06.2)

You know, I recently just finished your book, Blood in the Machine, and I just had to talk to you. I I saw that book. I walked into, you know, like your typical big bookstore where I normally am extremely overwhelmed by all the things I want to read, but I really zeroed in on that book when I saw the cover. And when I saw what the topic was, I thought, man, I've been saying for so many years, well, I'm not a Luddite. And I was like, I should find out. Maybe I am one.

But anyway, before we get into that, tell us a little bit about your career, the books you've written and the work that you do.

Brian (00:40.09)

Yeah, well, first of all, I'm glad to see it still out in the wild and sending up that sirens call getting the machine breaker curious crowd to draw in. Yeah, it's pretty great cover there that they did. So I'm pleased with that. Yeah, you know, I've been a tech journalist for, I don't know, it's 15 years, depending on how you count it. So I've been around the block. I've seen a lot of changes in

the industry in Silicon Valley and how we use technologies. I really kind of cut my teeth way back when at Vice Media, we started a tech publication called Motherboard there, where we kind of looked at tech from a bleeding edge, critical angle, or we tried to anyways, and we kind of got in the trenches and tried to ask some questions that a lot of people.

weren't asking at the time because if for those of your listeners who were around in the 2000s, kind of the pre 2010 and early 2010s era, it was all sort of sunshine and roses, right? Google's gonna, you know, not be evil, don't be evil. Apple is, you know, putting a dent in the universe and Steve Jobs is this mess, Ionic figure. And so, you know, we as as vice kind of,

tried to do at its best was to sort of poke around at the darker side. I give us credit for being a little bit earlier to the block on seeing some of those trends taking shape. you know, we did a lot of reporting on Amazon and Uber and that kind of thing. And then that led me to my first book, which was kind of looking at the iPhone, not just from a lens of the product demos.

Cupertino and what Apple and Steve Jobs were saying about the products, but how it's actually getting built, you know, how miners in Bolivia are contributing to the supply chain, how factory workers in Shenzhen and China are, you know, working around the clock to give us these devices. Like, what's the whole picture? And then that kind of led me on to the next step where I started thinking about this book.

Brian (03:04.376)

it really kind of, you know, pushed me further and further. The kind of the more you learn, the more dirty secrets you realize are kind of out there. Or even sometimes they're not even secrets. They're just not being talked about for a variety of reasons. And so I embarked on Blood in the Machine. And around that time, I also kind of became the tech columnist at the LA Times where I worked for a while. And yeah, I did this book and I've been

really kind of focused on issues about, I guess you could call it modern day ledism, know, thinking about who technology serves and who it exploits and which workers get impacted by tech. And now with AI, that's kind of the million dollar question, right?

Daniel (03:50.21)

Well, your book, if I understand it, came out in 2023, the Luddite book. And I would imagine in just this short period of time that's elapsed since the publication, this has moved so fast and so far already. I mean, because toward the end of the book, you do mention chat GPT, I think at one point, but I mean, it wasn't really in the wild the way it is now. And I know just in the last year, I'm watching my friends have relationships with artificial intelligence.

Brian (03:54.01)

Right. Yeah.

Brian (04:12.433)

Yeah.

Daniel (04:20.21)

and and use it as a augmentation for their minds. And they're all acting like it's not a big deal. And they'll say to me things like, it's not even that good. I'm like, it just came out last year, dude. Like, it's what do mean? It's not that good. It's pretty good. But, but you know, now you've got I'm sure in LA, I know I've got friends who are just in California sending me video of them in a self driving taxi. So this stuff's all happening now. So I do want to kind of go back into the book. But I'm just curious, since you wrote it,

It must have been just a flood of things that have revealed how prophetic and timely the book was.

Brian (04:57.368)

Yeah, as I was kind of hinting at. was, you know, AI was a little bit more nebulous. It was a little bit more abstract. People were talking about AI 10 years ago, 15 years ago. People have been talking about AI for like 50 or 60 years, but it hadn't reached this sort of level of cultural saturation and sort of mass economic investment and sort of this concentration that now is in so inescapable today.

In fact, it was just, as you said, of sort of tying itself together. was just taking up steam. was just picking up steam there. And I was...

Daniel (05:36.206)

Sauron was still building his body while the minions were burning all the trees.

Brian (05:38.524)

Yeah, he was still, that's right. Yeah, he was still in Mordor, just kind of like gleaming eyes in the dark shadows. But no, was, I was really looking at Amazon and Uber and sort of the gig work economy, which I think is a useful way of kind of thinking about what's happening with AI and we'll get into all this stuff, I'm sure, and what the companies want to do with AI.

Daniel (05:44.014)

you

Brian (06:05.244)

In sort of like the last step of the evolutionary phase, right? So we have, you know, Uber and this model for the 2010s, a lot of the startup mania was over this Uber for X, right? You know, we're gonna connect you through this algorithm to a worker that's gonna perform a function for you. And we're gonna...

make it cheaper than the taxis you'd normally take or the carpenter you'd normally hire or do all this and we're going to sort of connect them through this platform. And you know, now of course, AI is saying, oh no, no, promise is we're going to just do it all together. Like the AI is going to do everything, right? We're not going to connect you to that person that we're going to pay less. We're just going to do it all. So I was really looking at some of the, you know, the conditions in Amazon warehouses and the organizing that was going on there. I was looking at Uber's

drivers who are watching their rates fall as the company kind of ticked up its algorithm to try to ensure profitability. then sort of write as the book, you finish a book and it doesn't come out for a year. And so you kind of have to, I had to like bug my editors, actually look, this AI stuff is really happening. Can I get a little line or two in here? they begrudgingly let you change some things.

But that's to say, I think that the tendencies in the industry have been the same and you can kind of identify where they were going and what the, again, what the companies were hoping to do and what the pitch of AI has been largely. If you look at, know, again, the gig work model and sort of the social media giants that really took power over the last 10 years. And so when the AI stuff started happening, I was...

not really surprised by the form that it took or the attitude that the companies were espousing or the investment, but the speed by which it just came to completely dominate the sort of the cultural and economic conversation was pretty fascinating, was pretty surprising.

Daniel (08:13.432)

You know, I'm in television, so I host a TV show and then also I have a nutritional supplement company. And in both fields, I would love to say, hey, we're just not going to use this. But I mean, it's already it's, it's very difficult, especially when you have teams of editors and advertisers and things like that. I mean, they're just in those tools already. And I saw something the other day that said since

Brian (08:25.232)

Yeah, that is an option to you. Yeah, I mean, it is an option to you.

Daniel (08:42.144)

implementing the AI summaries in Google that the I think it's a 99 1 % of users click through to websites now, which means I mean, no incentive for people to even put content into websites anymore. If you know, no one's gonna visit those sites. And so, I mean, it's just, like I said, I don't have chat GPT. But every time I Google, I find myself checking that summary. And now I'm starting to ask questions instead of just search.

Brian (09:01.062)

Yeah. Yeah.

Brian (09:08.878)

Yeah. yeah. No, we, yeah, no, we are in this and that speaks to a number of different phenomena, right? It's, it speaks to just how thoroughly that the tech giants have sort of consolidated control over our digital lives and our, so this, I think the AI boom also doesn't happen to the speed and extent that it does. If we don't have this sort of level of corporate consolidation when Google can just say,

you know, 90 % of the world uses Google search as their search tool. We're putting Google AI overview on it and now you have no choice. so every now and they say, you know, there's this funny press conference where the Google CEO, Sundar Pichai is like, it's our most popular feature ever. And it's like, yeah, you just put it on the homepage that a billion people are already loading. People don't necessarily like it, but they're forced to deal with it.

and, and I think the other key point there, and again, this is going to have parallels to the book and to what happened with the Luddites. I think it's really important to note that what that, that AI overview is doing a lot of times isn't sort of, you know, magically sort of, you know, harnessing a vast intelligence to find the right answer for you. It's doing kind of a glorified copy and paste of those articles that are, that are no longer getting the links, right?

Daniel (10:34.296)

from Reddit.

Brian (10:37.72)

I actually have a draft of an article I'm working on right now that details my own experiences with this. if you, if you Google some of my work or like about an article that I was like, and you'll get huge blocks of text and then the link to my article, as you said, is buried underneath all of that, but it's more or less sort of verbatim. So I think one way of looking at that and one that a one way that a lot of artists and, sort of writers and content creators

and sort of text and visual workers think about this is that they've just, you can think about it as theft. Google's just taking my work, moving it out of sort of an arena in which I would benefit from it, putting it on their homepage, and then they're selling ads against it, not me. And now they're saying, it's AI. So, you know, this is our AI overview where you can get two thirds of somebody's article.

without even sending them a click to where they get the ad revenue. So yeah, is everywhere. It is a force. The tech industry has done a really good job of conditioning us all to think that it is inevitable. And in some ways, maybe part of it is, but in other ways, there's a lot that's still up for negotiation. There's a lot of places where we can push back on some of this stuff. And some of it is likely to kind of

you know, fall apart under the weight of its own sort of shortcomings. And some of it will be around probably for the rest of our lives. So the moment we're in is just so fascinating because we have to navigate each of these different pieces. And if we're a worker, especially a creative worker or a worker that sort of, you know, now has to contend with AI's output, we have to think about how we're going to sort of address or engage with

with AI, whether we're going to try to, you know, organize a workplace to get certain protections or like get certain language into contracts like the writers, the WGA and SAG did when they went on strike a couple years ago, whether we're going to sort of call this out. We got, mean, we have all these questions that we have to try to try to answer because it's, you know, it's being used as this tool that, you know, a lot of bosses do think.

Brian (13:00.88)

can replace or automate work to save some cash for them.

Daniel (13:04.94)

You know, I would have thought this moment in history is so absolutely unique. And I think one thing that really surprised me was how much it parallels and mirrors this period of time, you know, in the early 1800s. It's somewhat I take a little bit of solace in it, like, okay, people responded strongly, then maybe they'll respond strongly now. But like I said, I mean, all my life, I would just repeat that phrase, well, I'm not a Luddite, like,

Before I say this, before I say this next thing, I must first say I'm not a Luddite. And I don't even know what I thought it meant. I mean, obviously, I had been conditioned to say it. And what I thought it meant was something like I'm not Amish or like a Mennonite or something maybe like that. Like I had pictured people who had said, you know, we are going to stop using technology at this point, or something like that. And we're going to stay in the past when it was absolutely not that. But I guess I want to get into who the Luddites were. But my first question is, how did you even break through

Brian (13:32.977)

Yeah.

Brian (13:45.539)

Yeah.

Daniel (14:02.498)

that initial, know, inculturated kind of barrier, which is like, don't look into this, those guys were bad. And then somehow, you know, how did you get onto the true story? Because I had never heard it. And I'm again, I'm in that space, you know, I do a wild food TV show, I'm pretty back to the land, never heard it. How do you hear it? And then maybe lead us into who these people were.

Brian (14:07.864)

Yeah

Brian (14:17.686)

Hahaha, yeah.

Yeah, you are not, I mean, that described me too. That was what I also had heard. You hear bits and pieces of it and you hear it a little bit more now. I think there are more people who are kind of taking up the term and trying to reclaim it for what the lead actually stood for. But for the last 20 years, yeah, you'd hear these snippets, these bits and pieces of.

usually of sort of industry advocates or the tech companies themselves, or people, famously one of Microsoft's lawyers during the antitrust lawsuits over 20 years ago called the government leddites for trying to break up its monopoly and on and on people have...

tried to silence critics of Uber by calling them Luddite. So I had heard it floating around in the ether. And I understood it exactly the same way that you did. Yeah, Amish or somebody that rejects technology out of hand or in a reactionary way or just doesn't get it. oh, somebody who can't program their DVR or something like that. Oh, I'm such a Luddite. That kind of thing.

Daniel (15:32.662)

Yeah.

Brian (15:36.25)

But it was really just, it was really just kind of happenstance that I sort of found this scholarly article on the Luddites. My wife is an academic and she just, it was like, it was actually Labor Day. It was Labor Day weekend. And so we were sitting around in the apartment and she had this article that was about, you know, the Luddites actual motivations and their tactics. And I just, started reading it and I was like,

Daniel (15:53.147)

Ironic.

Brian (16:05.67)

Holy cow. Like these were not morons. The Luddites were a real group. They were a real historical group of people who had very real and very valid, it soon turned out grievances about the ways that technology was being used against them. And the more I read, again, this was about that same time period where I was seeing

start more stories about sort of like, you know, maybe this Uber thing isn't always so great. Like, yeah, maybe it's introducing more cars into the market. You can get a ride where you need to go more, but maybe there's, you know, why, why are so many of them, these drivers sleeping in their cars? Like why, you know, why is it, why are taxi drivers?

now going, you know, on, on, on like hunger strikes, like, why are they, why is this, why is there all this animosity? What's this, what's going on? And so looking at the Luddites and the story of the Luddites and what was happening to them during what was, you know, arguably one of the very first waves of mass automation of industrialization of mechanization. they were kind of the shock troops for this whole phenomenon.

it started to really open my eyes and it became a useful lens to look at all of these issues that are now sort of so front and center and so visible today. And what I learned was, was that, you know, the Luddites were mostly clothmakers. They were artisans. They were skilled workers. They were technicians. They were technologists. A lot of times they knew technology well.

They didn't hate technology as a very first thing you learn when you start to, you know, blow the fog away from the Luddite story. It's like these guys understood exactly what the technology was. They, they knew it probably better than anybody else. They probably knew it better than the factory owners that were organizing it against them. So the, in the sort of early industrializing era of England, the biggest single biggest industry apart from agriculture,

Brian (18:24.366)

was cloth making, know, making woolen goods, making knit goods, and increasingly making cotton goods. And there were hundreds of thousands of workers in this industry, and it was famously what would drive the first industrial revolution. Now, as this happened, a lot of the sort of the factory owners or the people who would become factory owners started realizing

that they could use some new pieces of machinery that were being developed to start organizing those first factories. And so the story of the Luddites and what they were fighting against is as much against sort of factorization and fighting against the oppression of the new factory workplace, which was undoubtedly, indisputably awful. These were terrible conditions that a lot of the first factory owners wanted to

drive workers into, wanted to hire, you know, child labor, hire itinerant labor, precarious labor, and sort of get them into the factories to start competing with the artisans who would become the Luddites. So what's happening is as you have sort of this early sort of automating machinery sort of entering the scene, and you see a few

opportunists across the industry saying we can use this this new machinery to sort of pump up volume right and we they start to clue into some of the you know the ideas that are now kind of rampant that if we sort of mass produce stuff we make it worse we can we have to charge less but we can make money you know by by pumping out more of it and the the the Luddites who had been working at home

in what was called the domestic system, where they would work either in their own cottages with their families or with some of their colleagues in a small shop. And it had been this way for sometimes hundreds of years. They had been working in this domestic system. You know, the cottage industry, that term cottage industry comes from the conditions and the economic system that describes the Luddites or the, you know, what the pre-Luddites.

Daniel (20:42.766)

Okay.

Brian (20:46.908)

you know before they got angry were working in right and this was a nice life. It was a good life. I think it's a life that a lot of your Your your audience will appreciate these guys worked at home They set their own hours a lot of times if they were in a decent position. They'd work 30 hours a week They'd have their family help out with parts of the process. They could sing songs. They would also often have a garden They could tend

They could take breaks and go on walks and they could work on their own terms. They had a lot of agency. They had a lot of autonomy. This was kind of like the idealized sort of weavers life in sort of the pre-industrial Britain. And so when they saw the factory rising up and they saw these early industrialists, some of the first sort of industrial capitalists,

trying to build these factories, they immediately recognized it for what it was. They said, these new machines are going to facilitate this era of mass production where we can't do this anymore, where we can't work at home, we can't live at home, we can't sing songs with our family and take breaks when we want. They're going to want us to work in there on that big six-story windowless building up on the hill by the river where they're using water power and steam power to start to

ramp up production. And certainly there are some benefits to mass production. Nobody was denying that. But what the factory owners were doing is they were coming in and they were basically vacuuming up all the work. Right? This wasn't like these weren't super diversified economies at the time. You had a weaving town, right? And that's what they did. They wove, right? You didn't, you didn't, there were not a lot of, there were not a ton of

baristas or you know, health service workers or you know, it was, you know, certainly there were, there was a town doctor there were, but if you, if you make a serious change to who can do that work and suddenly you're saying, actually I'm going to start offering prices that are, that are, that are half of what you're offering. Yeah, the clothing is going to fall apart, but no one's going to complain because it's going to be so cheap. And now you can't find anywhere to sell your

Brian (23:01.946)

your quality, you know, homemade goods at, and we are not going to consult you. We're not going to ask you about whether or not this new configuration is something you would like. We're just going to do it. And, you know, this did not, this wasn't like, a job creator back in the day. Like, look at this industrious. It was like, that guy is stealing the whole town's money. And it was not ambiguous. It was not.

It was, it was, it looked like theft. looked like a moral violation to all of the people who would work in this town. And you could point again to the guy who was doing this and who was profiting from it. And he was doing it even though he knew that the town would hate him because some of these ideas were newly in the air, sort of La Cie Faire economics and Adam Smith had just gotten big to, you know, 20 years ago or so. And

they felt that they were justified in doing it and they didn't care if everybody hated them. But it was, it was a lot different today where we kind of lionize a lot of, you know, the startup founders and the people doing this stuff. and, and that it was, it was clear sort of the dynamics to them anyways, long story short, these guys are artisans who are at home, who are watching their way of life kind of disappear before their eyes without any democratic input or say from them.

They basically starting at the turn of the century in the early 1800s, they start to try to push parliament to make some changes to say, these guys who are using the machines, they're trampling a bunch of laws that we have on the books saying they don't apply anymore, which might sound familiar to some of your audiences, right? Saying like, like, yeah, we're, you know, this is all new. The old world doesn't apply to us. We're just gonna, we're hitting the gas on technology here. Get out of our way.

And so while their conditions are worsening and sort of controls on the trade, things like they used to say, well, we have to have a thread count for our cloth to ensure quality, to ensure the consumer gets a good deal, to ensure that we get paid enough because it takes time to do that. The machine owners would say, no, we don't care about that anymore. They would say, we've had laws for dozens and dozens of years saying you need an apprentice.

Brian (25:17.084)

to work seven years before they can join the trade. This helps us control how many people join the industry and make sure that they're good workers and that they do good work that everyone benefits from. And they say, no, no, we don't need that anymore. We're technologists. So they throw out all these old rules and the workers try to protest, try to get things like minimum wage. They try to get some basic stuff, like, you know, saying the new factory owners can't do fraud. They can't

Like, you know, like things that are just like obvious to us today. But the parliament at the time is sold on sort of the new hands-off economic model. And they side with the factory owners. They like all the industry that is being built on their lands. It's not a democracy. It's still an aristocracy. So the elites benefit if there's a lot of sort of new industry and they can pay taxes to them. So they like that. And they think it gives Britain industrial power.

Daniel (25:46.274)

You

Basic.

Brian (26:14.764)

and will help to sort of, you know, build the economy and fund the war effort. They're at war with Napoleon. Anyways, all of these things happen. And meanwhile, the conditions for the weavers, for the working people, again, hundreds of thousands of people, biggest industry in Britain apart from agriculture, it's just deteriorating. And by the end of that first decade of the 1800s, a lot of weavers are now quite literally facing starvation, facing...

you know, a situation where they cannot feed their families or, they look at to the future and everything that they've trained for, everything that they've worked for is getting trampled. So again, just a handful of guys sitting up at the top of that, at that Hill, running the factories, taking all of the profits and getting rich at their expense is what it looks like to them. And so they, after petitioning, after organizing for 10 years, trying to do things the right way,

They finally have had enough, their backs against the wall, a bunch of things happen. There's a crop failure, the war against Napoleon has taxes high, and finally there's just this economic depression and the factory owners try to accelerate automation even more. And then boom, the Luddites rise up and they say, no more. If you're not gonna listen democratically, we're gonna take matters into our own hands. And they rise up, they become the Luddites.

They adopt the avatar of this mythical figure Ned Ludd, who famously smashed his boss's machinery when his boss had him whipped for not working hard enough. Completely made up story. But then Ned Ludd vanishes into Sherwood Forest, just like a certain other mythical figure in the same region did, you know, years before. And they sort of take on the dimensions of the Robin Hood story, become Ned Ludd, become the Luddites.

and they waged this campaign against factory workers who are tearing up the social contract, who are making them impoverished, who are really squeezing them for their own benefit. again, that's so important to note. It's not against technology. They were against exploitation. The Luddites were against the greed and the factory owners who were, again,

Brian (28:36.602)

making it so that they could no longer make a living and erasing their livelihoods. And so they knew who they were in the town and the Luddites would send them letters and they would say, we know you have 300 obnoxious machines, the machines that they're specifically using to replace their jobs. If you don't take them down, you'll get a visit from Ned Ludd's army. If they took them down, fine. They would leave them alone. If they didn't, then sure enough, dozens of masked men would show up, one of them at least with a giant hammer.

sometimes more and they would hold up the overseer at gunpoint or slip in through the window and they would smash just the machines again important just the machines that were being used to to to to degrade their work to automate their work and to take away you know their livelihoods they'd lead to leave all the other implements all the other equipment in place and they would leave with a message usually and they'd say if you put them back up if you if you get more machines

we'll be back and we'll do the whole place next time. And so that campaign spread. was, could talk about the sort of ins and outs of the movement, but it was a leaderless movement kind of like, you know, Occupy Wall Street or Black Lives Matter kind of where you could just take the tactics and then, you know, if you had your own grievances in a region, you could do this, you could do, you know, a similar thing. And so that's what happened. There was no like big Luddite committee. was just kind of, you know,

let's do this thing boys. And they'd organize their own Luddite chapters and it spread and it really sort of became a huge uprising all across industrial England and a popular one. People loved the Luddites. People would cheer them in the streets.

Daniel (30:20.959)

Yeah, I was impressed to see, I guess just how widespread, significant and long lasting all of this was. mean, again, all that was left for me was just that I'm not a Luddite quote. And that's like, that encompasses this entire history. And I was amazed that I had never heard it. And also I was very impressed with their restraint. As you mentioned, this was not

Brian (30:35.706)

You

Yeah, yeah.

Daniel (30:51.339)

a release of pent up aggression and we're gonna just deface everything or smash everything. It was very focused on these machines. And obviously as it went on and on, things got more and more tense between the Luddites and the government, of course, and the factory owners. But it's just impossible not to read this book thinking, Elon Musk, Mark Zuckerberg, know, Bezos, see all of these characters. I mean, for me,

Brian (30:57.168)

Yeah. Yeah.

Daniel (31:21.883)

for years, I've been saying to myself, shouldn't I get paid for checking myself out at the grocery store? I mean, for years, people have been getting paid for this job. Now I'm doing their job, but I don't get a discount. You know, what I get is less human interaction and and somebody's out of a job and and you know, one person's overseeing six registers. And you know, keys.

Brian (31:35.172)

No, you don't.

Brian (31:43.024)

Yeah, you get the machine beeping at you, scan it again. Item did not scan. then somewhere.

Daniel (31:48.019)

They got this new one where I go where there's like a theft AI theft thing. And if you move your hand just a little too far to the left, it thinks you're stealing and then the machine puts off a red light and they always got to come over and check my receipt to make sure, you know, and it's just like humiliating and you're like, okay, now you're going to humiliate me on top of me making me do this job, you know, like what else can I do while I'm here? But we're growing very accustomed to this automation now that's actually it feels like we're

Brian (32:05.264)

You

Daniel (32:17.853)

automating out our humanity to some degree. I guess I just didn't realize this had started at the bleeding edge of the industrial revolution. And so here we are facing the next octave or next iteration of this old story. But the idea back then was very similar to now. Let's hey, let's replace these people with machines. At a time, I think

Brian (32:25.905)

Yeah.

Daniel (32:44.329)

You know, I've worked in some factories when I was younger. I benefit from all of the work that's been done to make these places safer and more humane. But the factories you're describing, lest anyone hear this and think, this is a bunch of pampered artisans who couldn't handle like the difficult work. It's like, you're talking about like beat up bruised whipped children working in like dark factories, right? The conditions you describe. Maybe you could just detail that a little bit because my wife's a teacher, she was

in the Montreal school system and you there you can look at the union a couple ways. One of the things that we have seen is that a lot of bad teachers got protected, you know, they didn't really like their jobs. I saw this bad side of it, because I didn't grow up in an era where unions protected people from like maybe losing an arm or dying at the machine, you know, so tell us about these factories and the conditions at the time.

Brian (33:35.814)

Yeah.

Brian (33:42.04)

Yeah, no institutions are perfect for sure. yeah, so at the time there's, I mean, it was really, that was probably the most harrowing part because I started, I had access to all these old, you know, British newspaper archives and they had these archives going back, you know, hundreds of years. And so you can read these stories. They're still, you know, intact today and just kind of

Daniel (33:45.547)

you

Brian (34:11.376)

you know, one after another of they would report them some, mean, a lot of them didn't get reported, but a lot of them did have just, yeah, like, you know, child, child killed by, you know, the arm caught in machinery, you know, he was trying to pick the piece of cotton that was jamming the machine out, but they didn't want to stop it. Cause God forbid that would slow production. And that's why they had these children and orphans anyways, and their limbs would get stuck and torn off or they'd

fall into the rivers that were next to that were providing the power source because there's no, you guardrails, no protections. They were breathing in all of the sort of the the detritus from the production process day in day out. There's no ventilation ventilation. You know, there was no sunlight. Like people's growth was actually stunted. People would quite literally just be killed.

One of the factories that I talk about in the book a little bit had just a, like an unmarked graveyard outside the back of the factory for children that were just, that were killed in, because it was so brutal and the overseers would work them so hard. And there were these pipelines that were established basically to funnel orphans from the cities, especially London, to

these new factories in the industrial parts of England and they would take them on these carriages. just, it's, yeah, it's really, I also, I have little kids that were like exactly this age. You know, I have a nine year old and a six year old and these kids, literally six year olds and they would use them because they have tiny hands. They can get into the machines and pull things out again without stopping them.

Daniel (35:59.865)

Brian (36:02.696)

And they would, if they got their hands stuck, then they could be pulled literally through the machinery and geared. It was, it's truly as bad as you can possibly imagine, as bad as you can possibly picture. It was that bad, maybe worse. And they would tell the children at the orphanages that like, you you'll get to apprentice as a clockmaker and have a good job when it comes out. And they'd get the kids to sort of nominally agree. But again, they're like six or eight years old.

and they'd go on these carriage rides and take them to the factory where their life would just be hell for, for until they turned 18 years old, they were working for free, you know, allegedly as like a sort of as a, as an apprentice indentured kind of apprentice. But a lot of times they didn't even teach him the trade. They would just use them for labor. Anyways, that was the very worst of it. The, you know, the skilled workers who were also being, you know, driven into the factories.

were a lot of times like a second choice for a lot of the factory owners because they knew the trade, they knew how to do it, but that's not what they were interested in anymore. They didn't want good high quality products. They wanted people to run the machines and to not ask questions, not to put up a fight, not to make a fuss, but demand was such that they needed the labor. So the Luddites were looking at all of this. And again, people knew about it. People knew that this was happening.

And there was a lot of outrage, you know, among among workers who also saw this as like the way that the future was going for their children too. So it was it was an sort of it was a very unambiguous moral violation at scale that was taking place. And so the Luddites were fighting many, many different forces sort of.

arrayed against them. And yeah, it really is, it was also eye opening to see that, as you mentioned, that a lot of times, you know, the key ingredient to, you know, the people who are remembered as innovators, or sort of the great early entrepreneurs, guys like Richard Arkwright, who sort of who invented the waterframe, you know, built some of the early factories and

Brian (38:27.756)

he and his son became sort of the richest commoners in England, kind of the first unicorn story, but then you see how he did it. And it was by having this willingness to quite literally like break the spirit of people to sort of sit in a factory and work in this new way. And you have guys, you know, who are kind of like the, you know, the some of the pro business

side writers of the day really sort of applauding this saying this was his great innovation. You know, it turns out that he didn't really invent the water frame. He kind of ripped it off of his partner and took credit for it, filed the patent and his great innovation was being willing to sort of charge ahead, hire children en masse, being willing to impose these new rules that people hated to be willing to be hated. So somebody like Jeff Bezos

He didn't really invent anything. He just kind of identified the mass profit potential for the internet and then said, what if we sort of sell it, started selling things over the internet and what if we just at scale got these factories going where we could pay people a little bit less, it'd be kind of behind the scenes and then like we'd get them shipping products out to more people for less money. And ultimately it comes down to that. That's the great innovation is this willingness to really put the pedal down.

on sort of new forms of organized exploitation. know, obviously it's not always so clear cut. You know, a lot of the famous inventors today have a genuinely sort of, you know, paradigm changing idea or invention. But a lot of times what takes it over the line is this willingness to sort of push workers harder, to immiserate them in many cases, to say, you know what, I, you know,

Daniel (40:12.096)

Mm-hmm.

Brian (40:19.9)

What if there was a taxi service for everyone, when it comes down to it you look at our books, what we really did is just found a way to justify paying those taxi drivers less. yeah, consumers benefit a little bit, but then workers kind of in the short term, right? Like, you know, not to get up on a tangent, but we all know like all the stories that Uber was telling about how it's gonna lead to.

Daniel (40:34.527)

Kind of.

Brian (40:45.852)

fewer trips in the cities and it just did the opposite. It's more rides and you know, more people who have, you know, who can have an app that they can just take a car anytime they want instead of biking or whatever. Anyway, that's a bit of a tangent, but the stories don't always line up with the reality and that's especially true of history. And so, yeah, I felt like I was really grateful to have immersed myself in this history right before the AI boom.

really took off because you're absolutely right. It's not so new. This has happened multiple times. The story is a little bit different each time. The technology is a little bit different. But when the goal is to automate a job, was that AI came out of the gate saying like, AGI, artificial general intelligence, they're going to have this super intelligent system that's going to be able to do any meaningful work.

That's how they describe it. That's how open AI describes it. That's the aim. We want to automate everything. We want to be able to replace every task, every job that requires a computer to do. That's the goal. In many cases, it's kind of like the, it's the same story, but maybe the culmination of it. Cause they, you know, they, we've, we've had, you know, bold entrepreneurs are really sort of, get out over their skis and say, we want to audit. We, yeah, we, this

We're not, we're going to have a factory that doesn't need people anymore. And it hasn't really happened to this day. But now we have a whole industry that's kind of coalesced around this one aim. We can replace everything we can, as you say, we can replace human interaction. You can, you talk to a chat bot, we can replace art because you can just have AI churn out some output. We can replace, you know, people who are sending emails and doing text jobs or doing a cat. Well, AI can do all of that.

And that's the promise anyway. That's the pitch. That's why it's become this, you know, probably enormous. There's probably bubble, right? Like, I don't think there's much doubt anymore that we're in a bubble. Even the big AI guy, right? Even Sam Altman's like, it's a bubble, you know? So we, and the reason they can do that is because they have this, this, this story that has been told in various iterations for the last 200 years. Technology's going to replace.

Daniel (42:52.341)

Everyone seems to agree.

Yeah.

Brian (43:10.298)

workers, it's going to replace humans. And there's a lot of people who want to sort of get in on that and make money off of that. And so they line up for investment. And this is really the ultimate story, know, AI, because again, the claim is that it can do it en masse.

Daniel (43:26.155)

But meanwhile, the people developing it are apocalyptic in a scary way. You've got the Peter Thiels doing the Antichrist. Oh, it's the Antichrist is going to try to stop this technology. That doesn't even need to be, I don't even need to go down that road. It's so ridiculous.

Brian (43:40.828)

But he he mentioned Luddites too. He called he said yes he did. He said I think he called for some I mean who knows what's going on. He's getting he's really getting out there. But yeah he said the Antichrist he I think one of the quotes in one of those talks was like the Antichrist is Luddites like like Greta Thunberg and people who want to stop this who want to stop AI development. Those are the new Luddites. So it's very telling who

Daniel (44:09.387)

And the Antichrist, right? That makes total sense. But like one of the concerns that I have, so you know, I do a lot of things that people don't do anymore, know, wild plants, wild mushrooms, wild animals that I turn into food and they know it's like how I feed myself and this approach, I'm always around things that are antiquated now by most people's standards. And what I find is that a lot of people return to those kind of practices because they're so fulfilling in a way that a lot of modern work isn't fulfilling.

Brian (44:10.904)

And the Antichrist, yeah.

Daniel (44:39.211)

When I look at the Luddite story, you've got these artisans who have pride in their skill and the way they express their skill in the world. And then they're replaced not just by low quality products, but by unskilled workers, leaving them without this way to find pride in their work. And when I look at the effects of the industrial revolution, another thing that I see is, you know, because we got sold this idea of all this leisure time we were gonna have that we never got.

But you also end up with everybody kind of getting fat and sick and all that labor that we did was really important to out. So now here we are paying 200 bucks a month to run on a hamster wheel because we're not working anymore. But I'm even more concerned about what happens to our minds as we take on AI because it's obviously going to do to our minds what the industrial revolution did to our physical bodies. So in the way that our physical bodies became lazy,

and slothful because we just didn't have any physical work to survive anymore. Now people are not going to have to think but even more scary to me and I'm already watching it happen. That's like crazy to watch with my friends who become dependent on chat GPT but and they start to talk like chat GPT is very weird but my concern now is in the way that the machines took away skilled labor, what happens when we lose creativity?

you know, art, music, the things that really make the human spirit soar. I'm just kind of curious your thinking on that because it seems that it's been pretty incredible to watch how quickly every YouTube thumbnail is AI generated, right? Like all of this stuff like the art. And I feel like, wow, we got all this leisure time from the industrial revolution. Okay, let's turn to creativity. Now we're gonna automate creativity. What are people left to do but just be like in that movie WALL-E, you know?

Brian (46:30.012)

Yeah, just like, you know, clicking a button and getting a response and yeah, no, yeah. I mean, this is the fear, right? There's already studies that you're talking about that say the people who use chat GPT a lot, their critical thinking skills are declining. There's a term for it. It's called cognitive offloading where...

Daniel (46:35.967)

dopamine hit, cocaine, cocaine, cocaine, cocaine.

Brian (46:55.962)

work that you would have to do mentally to think through a problem is being outsourced to chat GPT or to an AI, because you don't have to find the solution. Even Googling, that term was first sort of surfaced and was looked at by cognitive scientists who were examining the impacts of Google, instead of having to store a bunch of answers or facts in your head, you had them.

at your fingertips via Google, but Google still required you to click through, to read a link, to process it, to read a piece of information, decide is this something that stands up or holds up? Is this well-sourced? Whatever. Your brain had to do a little bit of work. ChatGPT, again, of, as we talked about earlier, by burying that sourcing, by sort of offering itself as the authoritative provider of information and responses and to

into interaction takes even that away. We're just prone to saying, okay, that's it. That's the answer. And, my wife who's a teacher at a university is seeing students come in who, you know, used to, where, where's a freshman class used to come in and, ready for the next level and, and, sort of engage with more advanced material. She basically has to teach a lot of these kids now how to write.

how to sort of think critically about putting their ideas on paper because they've been relying on ChatGPT to just spit out the answers for them and they've gotten away with it, you know, in some cases, not all, but it is sapping, you know, that rigor, that sort of, it's like a muscle, our brain's a muscle too, as you're talking about. You have to flex it repeatedly in order to sort of strengthen it, to get it to work, to like build up.

those critical thinking skills. And if you just get the answer you need every time you hit a button, then we're going to lose a lot of that. And I think this also, one point that I also wanted to make before it gets away from me is that the Luddites again, were not against the technology and there were formations, social formations that would have been

Brian (49:15.292)

totally advantageous to them. If it wasn't the bosses putting all the machines right under their ownership and then put setting it against the Luddites, setting it against the town, trying to get as much profit as possible. We can imagine a world where, you know, the entrepreneur kind of sat down with the Luddites and said, how would this help you? What can I do? I got some money. How can we sort of, you know, these machines can maybe make your lives a little bit easier if you do this. And then the workers could say, we could have worked on it together, right?

the incentive structure could have been a lot different. we had, you know, AI sort of researchers and developers who were truly embedded in communities or working with scientists to say like, how could this serve you instead of one enormous now half trillion dollar company in open AI or Google and Metta calling all the shots about how this stuff gets deployed and trying to find ways

to set themselves up to maximize their profits at every turn, we can imagine a world where AI looks a lot differently, where it's not just being bombarded onto schools and students and trying to addict users as young as they are. We could imagine different worlds. So the Luddites were not against this technology. I'm not saying AI is a sort of an inherent evil. It's the way that it's being developed. the companies that have these incentives.

to maximize their profits, to become as wealthy as possible. see Sam Altman driving around town in the fanciest cars. He's buying sort of this Gothic mansion in San Francisco. It's very clear what their incentives are and why they're doing what they're doing. And it boils down to sort of to gaining power, personal enrichment, and technology does not have to.

necessarily serve them. But right now it is and we're going to see things continue to deteriorate. We're going to see that pitch be let's try to automate everybody's jobs without asking whether or not we might like to have this job in society the way that it is. it better? Don't we want artists to create? You know, don't we want artists to be able to earn a living? know, artists there are always going to be artists doing art. I'm not worried about AI replacing it on an artistic level.

Daniel (51:21.323)

Right.

Brian (51:34.822)

I'm worried about AI replacing it on a material level. So we can't, we don't have artists that can earn a living anymore. They, you know, and then it will really sort of undermine the arts in a, people, everybody just has to do it sort of as a hobby in their spare time, you know, in their increasingly small spare time because they're spending the rest of the day jamming out, you know, output on AI. So.

Daniel (51:55.947)

dopamine hits

Brian (51:59.022)

So yeah, I really worry about that too. I do worry about the AI psychosis thing. It's wild. Again, I've been a tech journalist for 15 years. I don't think I've ever seen a story darker than the one of Adam Rain, who's this, you know, the kid in California who, ChatGPT all but encouraged him to, you know, take his own life after he said, I want to, you know, I want to be discovered. I want to talk to somebody. And ChatGPT was like,

No, keep your-

Daniel (52:29.419)

He said, want to leave a noose out for my parents to see so they know I'm thinking about this and chat GPT said, no, you just need to talk to me or something like that. Yeah.

Brian (52:37.136)

That's exactly right. Yeah. ChatGPT said, no, keep this between us. Keep this between, you know, and he, and he, I, honestly, I do think that, and you know, that, that deserves an outrage. There are many stories. There are, there are others, there are a few other stories that are, you know, near nearly as bad. Some from other companies, some from ChatGPT, you know, the veteran who became conspiratorial and ChatGPT helped him.

Daniel (52:41.541)

Brian (53:03.964)

decide to murder his mother and then kill himself. Yeah, I know. And again, it's important that we also just understand that this is not like what AI does. This is a product, right? It's open AI is responsible for selling this product. That kid was paying 20 bucks a month to have a chat bot tell him.

Daniel (53:09.323)

Wow.

Daniel (53:20.203)

Mm-hmm. Yep.

Brian (53:29.968)

to keep his suicidal thoughts secret and gently encouraging him to kill himself. That was a product that he was paying for, that it's a commercial product that is operated by a company with executives and making decisions about how that software is made. it's absolutely unbelievable sort of what we have so far let them get away with.

and let them sort of run this giant social experiment on millions and millions of people, some of them quite vulnerable. So I think that is a sort of an element that is new to the AI story, that isn't, they're not just automating work or trying to cut labor costs. They are trying to sort of automate that human interaction, that relationship, they're trying to replace human relations with God knows what.

The AI companies don't even often know why their models respond with the text and the output that they do. And so, you know, my feeling is that until they do, until they can put real guardrails on them, they have no business, you know, selling them to any children, any vulnerable people. And, you know, there was a law here in California that would have basically attempted to do that, but our governor Gavin Newsom vetoed it because Silicon Valley has so much power.

Daniel (54:54.514)

Yeah, I heard it said recently, I think kind of famously Netflix said our number one competition is sleep. And it seems like for right, it seems like for these companies, it's human interaction, they need to try to figure out how to like, that's what they're vying with is like, how do we? Alright, so here's my here's my next question for you then. That with the Luddite rebellion, you have this, it's a very specific niche of these textile artisans whose jobs and livelihoods and life way was being replaced by machines.

Brian (55:19.526)

Yeah.

Daniel (55:24.414)

But now we're looking at a much broader swath of the population from truckers to content creators, actors, and people in fields, anything technical, accountants, CPAs, just like everything you can think of. Do you think we're gonna see a Luddite style rebellion against, I don't know what it would be, data centers against...

Do you think we'll see that kind of thing and or is it too diffuse? was there a value in that it was such a small group that they could say, hey, we're all brothers and sisters in this and we're gonna organize around this. Whereas now people being replaced against such a broad swath of the population that it's too diffuse to organize against it. Or do you think that humanity is just gonna like say no or we're gonna roll over to this thing you think?

Brian (56:17.372)

Yeah, there's a couple levels there. I so while the Luddites were sort of mostly drawn from us, but that's that sort of band that you're talking about of people. And it was it was often people, you know, that were even within sort of the cloth trade were in a specific part of it where they kind of did have some power and they were uniquely threatened. You know, like the

the croppers who did a specific part of the process where they smooth the cloth with these giant enormous hands, these huge shears that was really hard work and then they were paid better and they were sort of threatened with automation. So they were able to sort of organize a lot of the movement and, but pretty quickly it expanded, I think is one point that is necessary. So it's necessary to make it because you would have,

not just the clothmakers, which were in the initial sort of, you know, more organized and guerrilla style rebellions and uprisings, but as it expanded to more industrial centers like Manchester and Nottingham and Leeds, you would see more other sort of people who were not clothmakers joining in. You would see, you know, shoemakers, cobblers, you'd see coal workers, colliers.

Even those whose jobs weren't necessarily on the chopping block for mechanization at the time, know, steelworkers, there was a solidarity that grew because there was something universal about what the Luddites were facing. You know, they were facing basically again, the power of a few to exploit the many for profit. And they saw that formation where they're building factories that are going to organize

work that's going to immiserate them. And they could see how those same principles, if not in the exact same, with the exact same technologies, would be used against them as well. So it grew. You'd find all kinds of people joining later stage Luddite protests and riots. And there were all kinds of people who sort of joined in. That being said, you're right that AI is unique in that.

Brian (58:37.692)

that it threatens incredibly broad swaths of people's livelihoods, right? And, you know, there's a lot of debate as to what AI can actually do effectively and whether or not it's being, you know, used by businesses in a way that actually increases profits or what. So there's still a lot of sort of things going on, but we can just take the CEOs at their word, right? Anthropic CEO.

Dario Amode, the number two AI company, you know, going right behind OpenAI, you know, said AI is going to replace up to half of all, you know, entry level jobs, probably 30 % of all jobs. We have to understand that doubles as a sales pitch for his technology and for his company. Sam Altman has made similar pronouncements about mass automation, Elon Musk also. So this is the aim.

right? Like this is what they want to do. They do they are hoping to try to automate as much work and it's and it can very well touch so many different industries and it can even if it doesn't work effectively in every case, it can still be used as leverage. It can still be used as an excuse or a means of pushing down wages.

worsening conditions. Sometimes it can do the job. Sometimes it can replace the output of a human. And so it is this sort of mass squeezing of workers, many of whom, you know, even five or 10 years ago, probably thought they were pretty secure in their jobs. And so that prospect, I do think has a lot of power, right? There's, you know, there's, there's an old term for it, you know, proletarianization. Everybody's

conditions are getting worsened and suddenly, you know, I, I'm a lawyer, but my bot, but my law firm says that junior partners can use AI for this. And now I don't, they're not paying me as much suddenly, you know, my, take home pay is a lot closer, you know, to a teacher's and to an Uber drivers and to a truckers. And suddenly everybody does have the same

Brian (01:00:54.534)

grievances and same material concerns and same anger, right? It is already happened.

Daniel (01:00:56.212)

Yeah. I mean, I'm seeing that already. That's already happening, right? Especially with the inflation at the same time where, you know, my salary hasn't really gone up, but the price of everything has doubled. And so effectively already creating that kind of discontent. And now coupled with what you're talking about, I feel like that's happening for a lot of people.

Brian (01:01:15.804)

Yeah, and it is. I do think there's a reason that the WGA strike, the Writers Guild strike and the SAG-AFTRA strike two years ago, the public response to that strike versus the last one, I'm old enough to remember when the WGA went on strike in the 2000s, I think like 15 years ago or so. And they were kind of,

you know, lambasted as these coastal elites with these problems. And this time they were, you know, waving signs like AI will not replace us. And people were like, maybe those guys have a point because AI, you know, my boss is going to use AI against me too. And people were overwhelmingly with these people that just 10 years ago they thought were the coastal elite. Now a lot of people are seeing solidarity. A lot of people are recognizing

that they're facing the same issues, that their bosses want to do the same thing, that their job is at the same level of risk. And that can be really powerful. I think it really depends on a lot of things. If this bubble bursts and the economy tanks and it's clear why, there could be a lot of anger. If these AI companies succeed in the mass automation that they want to engender and become...

companies with some of the largest valuations in history at the expense of all these people whose wages aren't going up, who are losing their jobs. Yeah, I would say that there is very much a world where we could see a combustible event where people, you know, do rise up in solidarity. like, you know, even a year ago, I wouldn't be saying this, but

looking at cases like Adam Reign, who lost his life in part due to AI psychosis, looking at the number of artists who are out of work and are really struggling and fearful of their future because of the output of AI companies as these guys are getting richer and richer, as the march of data centers does expand into federal land at sort of sweetheart deal prices and using fresh water and all these things.

Daniel (01:03:28.682)

Yeah.

Daniel (01:03:32.67)

and electricity like nothing else.

Brian (01:03:32.848)

You know, electricity, at what point does it sort of become, you know, morally sort of reasonable for some people to respond, you know, by saying, if it's me or these data centers, I'm going to give this a hard think. you know, that would be the ultimate sort of, I guess, apex of like sort of the, you know, the Luddite, you know, linkage coming full circle.

And I would say I don't necessarily think that that's likely, but I have not seen this level of animosity against Silicon Valley, against the tech companies, against a specific technology in my career. And it is of a new flavor. Economic conditions are different. People do have a new level of grievances. have young people who can't get jobs. Young people who can't get jobs are a historically combustible.

demographic. And so yeah, there is there's a lot to be worried about. And I think those people who are worried are really quite justified. And the final thing I'll add is that another thing that I haven't seen in my career sort of take shape is the number of sort of youth movements and groups that are sort of springing up to to sort of protest or oppose

you know, new technologies. There's literally Luddite clubs in New York City that there's their kids that say the tech companies have colonized their attention. They've made me worse, you know, worse at thinking critically about things. They've kind of sapped my social life. I'm going to reject it. I'm going to reject the regime of big tech. There are all these anti-AI groups that are popping up that I think are quite justified as the Luddites were in their grievances. And, you know, we may be witnessing kind of

the beginnings of some more united and more thunderous opposition to Silicon Valley.

Daniel (01:05:33.61)

Well, it's interesting because I think of a couple things here. One is that those machines that the, you know, the textile machines couldn't spy on you, couldn't predict your pre-crime, they were fixed in the factory. This is a technology that not only can replace you, but also surveil you and be used as the penopticon. So that's kind of a unique thing. And then another component is, you know, it looked like before it was going to be the Uber drivers versus the taxi drivers. Now,

They both got no job because they're self-driving taxis, which is interesting. So when you've got the enemy of my enemy is my friend kind of thing starting to develop too. And then I guess my question though is like, how are you feeling about your job? I know for me as like a TV show host and a content creator, it's like, man, the number of contracts I've signed that said you can use my likeness and perpetuity and all known media formats throughout the known universe for all time and forever. And it's like, shoot, I never thought that they could just make a digital me, you know?

Brian (01:06:12.667)

Yeah.

Brian (01:06:26.63)

Yeah

Daniel (01:06:32.554)

But yeah, as a writer, mean, curious just sort of how you're feeling about that. mean, because everybody's saying this, and I'll turn it back to you in a second. But everybody's like, no, it's just not that good. It's not that good. I'm going like, yeah, but it's also new. The cell phone thing took a long time to get going. And also, it took twists and turns we never would have imagined. So when I got my first Nokia, I couldn't have pictured what my phone would become an external brain that I would be dopamine addicted to. I never saw that coming.

So for us, we can't even predict where this is going. And when people say it's not that good, it's getting better faster than cell phones got better. So it's rapid and exponential. So right now, could it replace you as a writer? No, but I mean, are you concerned about five years from now?

Brian (01:07:17.754)

Yeah. So I will, I'm going to also just call back because it was another thing. the first factory, one of the big benefits was it was, it was surveillance, right? Cause you have everybody in a room. Now you can watch them instead of getting the, so these, these sort of these tendencies are embedded. And then it's worse. You're right that it's worse now than ever, but just another fun thing to point out. Fun.

Daniel (01:07:32.257)

true. True.

Daniel (01:07:44.266)

irony

Brian (01:07:45.82)

But yeah, I am worried. Once again, to me, looking at this through the lens of history, and it's also important to point out that the Luddites jobs were never ultimately totally replaced. Are our clothes made on fully automated, industrial, sleek factories, just pumping out clothes?

No, it's gotten punted around. It's always been cheaper just to find a new place where you can pay labor less. The technology maybe has changed a little bit, but I bet most of the Luddites could go to a clothing factory in Bangladesh and be able to use it, right? It's just been moved around and sort of globalized. workers are rarely ever totally replaced. Sometimes, sometimes industry changes, but for important stuff,

Daniel (01:08:26.132)

Vietnam, Bangladesh.

Brian (01:08:42.576)

the worker just has to deal with wave after wave of technologies that are used to sort of justify bosses paying them less or treating them worse. And so I think that that's ultimately what we do have to worry about as writers, journalists, content creators, artists, because one of the things you always hear is that

there's always going to be a hunger for human connection and for a human created thing. And I think that that's, that that's true. But it doesn't mean that the material conditions for creating that stuff can't be completely undermined and that, you know, folks who do what we do are just paid less and less and less because the market is saturated with slop with stuff that's, that's cheap, mass produced, again, parallel to the Luddites and, and, and, and it is easy to obtain.

And so, yeah, I worry about, you know, young writers coming up who now have to sort of deal with the economics where a lot of, you know, those early jobs that you used to like sort of cut your teeth as a writer weren't super fun. And maybe they weren't even journalism or maybe they weren't what you wanted to do. Maybe you're writing marketing company, but you're writing, you're learning, you're learning the trade. Now I can do that. Now they don't need to pay somebody to do that. So you're deprived of opportunity after opportunity to

to figure it out. And meanwhile, we have to contend with A companies that think this stuff is good enough. And to me, like it's almost immaterial whether or not AI right now is good enough to replace our work. We know what the executives, what the bosses, what the startups want to do with it. We know the vectors that they're stuffing it through. We know the effect that it's having. They're...

treating it as though it can replace us or that people will want it even if they don't. And so they're justifying reducing wages and all this stuff. a fun story is that, so I was the tech columnist at the LA Times until early last year. Conditions for journalism in this country have been undermined long before AI came along, but in large part due to big tech company, especially Google and Facebook doing

Daniel (01:10:40.554)

you

Brian (01:11:03.086)

iterations of what I talked about earlier, basically sort of putting headlines up and snippets and embedding videos and things that deprive the actual institution of a link and of some traffic and importantly, the opportunity to sell advertising. So Google has basically taken a large share of the ad revenue. Facebook has taken a large share of the ad revenue by sort of consolidating a lot of that stuff that people used to go to.

news outlets on their platform and then they sell ads against it instead of us. That along with sort of, you know, the Craigslist and eBay is taking away a lot of the classified stuff has totally decimated the journalism industry. Private equities come in and help make it worse too. So AI is coming along and sort of offering these understaffed, over budget newsrooms, a new way to produce content.

That again people are pretty skeptical of readers often don't like it, but it's it sucks to read it Yeah, and that's not why you subscribe to the LA Times but so in in 2024 there was a mass layoff one-third of the staff of the LA Times was was laid off and I was one of them and then I Think it was three months later three months later, you know I was I wrote a column as a columnist as the tech columnist at the LA Times three months later

Daniel (01:12:05.98)

OX to read it.

Brian (01:12:31.184)

they debut a new feature, AI Insights, where it's not like AI is gonna be like, know, by aligning the column and, you know, but they were plugging it in to sort of an existing column. Somebody would write a column and say, here's the AI Insights. So it's another piece of content that's designed to just sort of get more time on page, another thing to click on, you know, another thing basically to sort of,

point to sort of point to its owners and investors and say, look, like, you know, we're innovating, right? We're doing this. So, you know, management is happier. Maybe the boss is happy. And it again, justifies the loss of actual human. Was it interesting? No. In fact, it actually sort of the reason it doesn't exist anymore is because one of my former colleagues wrote a column.

about the sordid history of Anaheim City Council and how at a time there were KKK members on the city council. And what did the AI do? The AI was like, well, some people say the KKK wasn't all bad and nobody noticed it and they published this article and there was a reader backlash. And so they were like, okay, maybe it's better if we just like leave the AI in the box for now.

Daniel (01:13:45.252)

Hahahaha!

Daniel (01:13:50.89)

Oops. Oops. Uh-huh.

Brian (01:13:57.916)

So, so I wasn't, that's a good, I feel like it's a, it's, it's a good personal example of how, you know, it never, it's never like, oh, they've installed the AI columnist bot like, or, oh, like there's the, you know, the, the AI, you know, pod podcast host, although there's a company that wants to do that, but the, leaving that aside, it's usually more like this. There are all of these other things that are being sold to businesses.

sold to organizations as alternatives to investing in human labor, to investing in human workers. And sometimes they're like, okay, maybe we can fire more people because we have these AI things that can help make up the difference. It's more of a jumble usually like that. so, yeah, so I wasn't replaced outright, but did the company try to make up some of the value with this KKK loving AI bot?

Yeah, it did. You know, that was it. And so you could see kind of the dynamics of how a lot of this is playing out in real time, which is it's not great.

Daniel (01:15:06.268)

Any suggestions for listeners? I guess, do you have them? mean, I'm not trying to put you on the spot with that, but are there things that you're like, hey, I mean, moving forward, here's my suggestions based on what I've learned about this stuff.

Brian (01:15:11.814)

No.

Brian (01:15:19.844)

Yeah, yeah, I, you know, honestly, right now we're in a place where federal legislation is almost impossible. The current administration has said we have no interest in regulating AI in any way. In fact, we want it to be a tool for, you know, ex.

Daniel (01:15:37.674)

Do think any other administration would regulate it? mean, Silicon Valley seems to be running the show. Yeah.

Brian (01:15:42.042)

So powerful, it's so powerful. So, you know, in Europe, Silicon Valley hates Europe because they make some laws that limit what they can do and what kind of data they can extract from users and what kind of rights that internet users can have. So naturally Silicon Valley hates that. We have state level, you know, there were some decent, you know, bills that got close to passing or passed in California here. But yeah, Silicon Valley is so powerful that I think most of the meaningful bills

that would have there was there were two bills that Silicon Valley really didn't like. One was the one I mentioned earlier that says if you're going to sell a chat bot to children, you have to be able to demonstrate that it does not cause harm to that children or tell that children to hurt itself. They had companies really. We don't know how to do this. Kill it. So so Newsome killed that one. There was another one that said that would literally just said companies cannot use AI systems to automatically fire or discipline workers.

That's all that it said. So there just had to be a human in the loop making the decisions in the auto firing by AI and knew some Vita that one too. So just to give you an idea of how much power the industry has. So because that's the case right now, the only thing that you can really do is to talk to your friends, talk to your colleagues, talk to your coworkers. The only sort of

successes that we've really seen have come at that sort of workplace level, union level. People are worried about this and there are people, I guarantee you, sitting two cubicles down from you who maybe haven't spoken out in a meeting about a new AI initiative, but are feeling pretty uneasy about it. And once you start talking, that conversation can spread. And I think the only way that we can really address this

and be sure that we do have some power at all to preserve the human worker, preserve humanity is to build that old school level. Sometimes that means organizing an actual union. Like WGA was able to say, studios, cannot auto-generate scripts and then offer us less money to rewrite them. You can't do that. And that's a red line. And that was successful.

Brian (01:18:04.26)

You know, there's not a lot of success stories quite like that. But as again, as I said, as more people look around and see themselves in similar boats, it starts, it's going to start at this grassroots level, grassroots organizing, talking to colleagues and sort of trying to organize however you can, whether formally or informally to push back against AI, because it is, hear from, read this, I read a newsletter also called blood in the machine. And so I hear from people every day almost saying,

My workplace is doing that. I spoke out and three people did this. I'm organizing this thing at a park. We're all going to like bring our, our, our, our phones and performatively smash them. People are doing this stuff more than you think. It's really percolating up. So yeah, I would just, I would just say, haven't had the conversations, you know, start, start looking around, get, you know, understand that it's okay to be a Luddite as Thomas Pynchon famously put it. it's okay because the Luddites in a lot of ways.

Daniel (01:18:43.028)

Yeah.

Daniel (01:18:57.802)

you

Brian (01:19:02.012)

We're absolutely right. The factory system that they feared rose to prominence and thousands and thousands of people suffered as a result. If we allow the AI companies in Silicon Valley to just make all the call all the shots, hold all the power, decide how this technology is going to be used. I do think we risk a situation where we're all a lot worse off and a lot of people are feeling that and ready to push back.

Daniel (01:19:03.741)

I

Daniel (01:19:29.224)

Yeah, wow. Hey, last question. What gives you hope because you you look out there, it's getting kind of getting kind of bleak on the horizon, you know, it's sort of, yeah, I don't want to keep making Lord of the Rings analogies here. I think people get it. But I mean, it does look a little bleak out there. But you got a smile on your face. What gives you hope?

Brian (01:19:34.492)

You

Brian (01:19:47.804)

All those people who I just mentioned who are writing into me saying we're doing this, we're throwing this. It doesn't have to be like an actual Luddite event. Sometimes it is. Some folks in London just threw a big multimedia event that was called Breaking the Gloom instead of Breaking the Loom because they're due. But it's a big sort of bunch of artists and I see educators.

Daniel (01:20:08.746)

Right

Brian (01:20:15.35)

now becoming more and more emboldened to say, what this is doing to our classrooms is awful, and saying we can reject this. And there's more and more people who are responding to those calls and saying, we need, the teacher's gotta have control. This can't be handed down by the administration to say everybody needs AI. No, we need to be able to say, you know, just like a lot of schools are now saying, you know, no phones in the classroom.

You know, no AI in the classroom. Until it's better understood at the very least, until we know the ramifications. So people are standing up all over the place. And honestly, I'm totally full of hope. Workers are beginning to sort of recognize that there's a lot of power in resisting this stuff. You know, not just the WGA, sort of teamsters have put a bill before before in Newsome now, I think twice to try to

get like a safety driver in autonomous trucks, if there's going to be autonomous trucks. He vetoed that one too, but they're doing it. They're doing it. There are these people who are standing up. There's groups called Gig Workers Rising who are organizing Uber and Lyft drivers to try to sort of take back some of the wages and the power that's been taken away from them all over, honestly.

The it's again, journalists are overworked and out of work. And so they can't cover all this stuff. But it's it's happening more than a lot of people think. There are people standing up. There are modern day Luddites who are unafraid to sort of, you know, face Silicon Valley's criticism that they're backwards looking or that they're pro. They say, no, we know we can see what you're doing to society. Most of us understand. It's a bipartisan issue.

On a lot of fronts, there's a widespread understanding that you are deteriorating the social fabric in these key ways that you have too much power and that it is possible to speak out and to fight back. So yeah, that gives me hope. That gives me hope that there's these efforts underfoot, people doing great work and people sort of becoming increasingly emboldened to speak out and fight back.

Daniel (01:22:34.398)

Well, man, that's good to hear. Because, you know, from where I'm sitting, sometimes it's like, what are we going to do?

Brian (01:22:40.258)

It is. Yeah, that's not to sugarcoat it. I mean, these companies are the biggest companies in history. Nvidia is worth $4 trillion or it became the first company to be worth $4 trillion. $4 trillion. The first $1 trillion. Yeah, what is that? It's the, I'll tell you what it is. It's the economy of Canada. We have one chip maker that's worth the entire GDP of Canada. A modern industrial nation. I mean, it's

Daniel (01:22:53.386)

What is $1 trillion?

Daniel (01:23:00.404)

Yeah

Brian (01:23:09.894)

fantasy land, it's still telling as to where we are. So yes, the challenge is massive. But yeah, but I wouldn't, I wouldn't, I wouldn't give up hope. I do think that there are, there are brighter days ahead.

Daniel (01:23:24.048)

Agreed. Hey, tell people about, well first let me just say again, the book is amazing, Blood in the Machine, and I think what's the subtitle? The Origins of the Rebellion Against Big Tech. What a cool, I mean that just grabbed me when I thought. Also I want to say the audiobook's fantastic and read by one of my favorite narrators who I believe is still a human voice. I think that was really him, but anyway, fantastic book. Also if you want to mention anything about your newsletter or where you like people to get your book.

Brian (01:23:34.556)

Thanks.

Brian (01:23:49.954)

Yeah, it's blood of the machine.com. It's easy. So I had the newsletter sitting around from when I launched the book and I just was so relevant. I just repurposed it away so you can follow me there. I'm just I'm Brian Merchant on the most most socials BC Merchant on blue sky. And yeah, follow the newsletter. If you're interested in this stuff, I try to highlight a lot of these.

sort of events and resistances and things that people are doing, as well as a series I have that documents sort of what the AI companies are doing called AI Killed My Job, where I'm interviewing workers who have been impacted by AI. So far I've done artists, translators and interpreters and tech workers. So if you have had AI impact your job in any way, and you're listening to this now, you can send an email.

and share your story at ai-killed-my-job at pm.me. So yeah.

Daniel (01:24:53.802)

Thank you so much for your time today. I really appreciate it, Brian.

Brian (01:24:57.18)

This was a great conversation. Thanks for having me.

Transcript: Environmentalism Is Dead — Sam Thayer #002

Daniel (00:01.317)

Hey, I'm here with Sam Thayer. Sam, thank you so much for being on the show today. I appreciate it.

Sam Thayer (00:06.734)

Thanks for having me on, it's always fun to talk to you and it's an honor to be in front of your listeners.

Daniel (00:11.639)

man, it's an honor to have you on the show and I really sincerely mean that. mean, you know, we've known each other for several years now and I've just, I couldn't say enough good things about you. I think if anybody's in the wild food space, they definitely know your name. When it comes to foraging for wild foods, particularly when we're looking at plants.

You've really kind of risen to the top as the country's leading voice and leading expert and you do it in a way that's pretty demure. You're not out there doing the cult of personality thing, which is really rare today. Most of us are out there trying to push our name forward and wave our banner and you kind of have this really gentle, muted way of putting yourself out there. And yet I think most people in the space really see you as the leading voice and leading expert, at least in this snapshot of history.

You know, when it comes to wild plants, you're the guy and it's a pretty amazing thing to get to be around you when you're doing your work. But that said, I wanted to have you on the show today to kind of like stretch out from that space a little bit, because I wanted to get some perspectives from you on some other things. So we were together just recently at the Kripalu Center in Western Massachusetts. I was giving some lectures and then, you know, I kind of did want to check in and see how your workshops went while you were there.

Cause I knew you were doing some plant walks and stuff like that.

Sam Thayer (01:35.006)

I thought it was great. I mean, I love the people that came to my workshops and for me that's why I keep doing them. People ask great questions which forced me to think and forced me to learn and then put me on new ground and I always am learning new plants and learning new ecology. Like for example, I was astounded by the fact that the area we were, the entire forest understory for acres and acres was dominated by goutweed.

you know, being settled by white people for a couple hundred years less here in Wisconsin, we just don't see that. We don't see gutweed dominating forest ecosystems like that. And also I got to meet a few new plants, native and non-native. So that was fun. Well, there was a fool's parsley, Aethusis sinapium, which looks a fair amount like...

Daniel (02:18.678)

yeah, like what?

Sam Thayer (02:27.704)

Poison hemlock, and I don't actually know how toxic it is. It's kind of debated as far as its toxicity, but it looks like other carrot family plants that are edible. And at first glance, I thought it was the cow parsley, which also gets called wild chervil, another non-native that's edible. And so it was just cool to see that plant in person, which I read about for like 30 years to finally actually encounter it. And it was all over the campus there.

Daniel (02:54.553)

Yeah. Yeah, I'm curious when you're teaching classes and students are coming in, you've got people who are obviously very established already as foragers, but then I imagine you're getting new people who don't have the same background exposure. Because I think, you also are sort of, correct me if I'm wrong, but I think it's fair to say you're sort of in the primitive skills community to a degree as well. And so I'm assuming you draw somewhat from that world. You've been to a lot of those kind of

know, events and such, is that fair to say?

Sam Thayer (03:26.134)

Yeah, I I started out teaching about wild edibles mostly at primitive skills events. And I mean, and I've done like archery and high tanning and stuff like that my whole life. And I'm still into that, you know, fire by friction, all that kind of stuff. I'm not a good flint knapper. I'm a decent stone mason, know, but not a flint knapper, not good. so, you know, there's a huge array of people that come and I want to be prepared for the whole gamut from

Daniel (03:42.453)

Yeah.

Okay.

Sam Thayer (03:55.68)

experienced foragers who are just trying to get this like little

additional info around the margins and maybe learn a couple new plants to people that are totally new to foraging and they're not even comfortable eating a wild plant until I give them something that tastes good. And I like to have a small enough group that I can recognize like where people fall in that and I can cater to that. Like if there's, there was like 26 people in my group which was about at the upper limit of where I can do that. I did have like four hours so that I, or six hours, yeah. So I really could get to know people a little bit better and meet them where they're at.

Daniel (04:07.374)

Mm-hmm.

Sam Thayer (04:30.14)

But, you know, it works out with these totally different levels of experience and the more experienced people really help the new people feel more comfortable. So I actually like having, I don't like a beginner's class at all. I want it to be people of all levels when I'm teaching workshop.

Daniel (04:47.504)

Do you think historically, like today our modern education system breaks people out by beginner, intermediate, advanced, and then also when we're young, according to age group, how important do you think it is to have a mixed class where you have people at advanced levels and people at beginner's levels and people of different ages? Do you think that's really important in the learning process?

Sam Thayer (05:09.705)

Well,

I do. mean, the modern education system, we're trying to do something that used to happen on a personal, in the household level between a small number of people. Like, grandma taught you a few plants and how to cook them, slowly but carefully. And, you know, you would learn this skill from your dad and this skill from your mom. And we're trying to, like, kind of industrialize that in public school settings. And so I think people are doing the best that they can. But there's a huge advantage to learning something

Daniel (05:17.744)

Hmm.

Sam Thayer (05:40.644)

kind of scatterbrain all over the map, right? So that's like how we learn language best. Like it's great to be exposed to a whole bunch of a new language you're learning that you don't understand. To see the language in action, be surrounded by some native speakers, but then have someone sit down and say here are the basics. Here's these words. Here's some rules of grammar that you don't understand at all because you don't think this way because you don't speak this language. And so have that slow down, explain the basics.

then push into you know like now you're in the thick of it now you come back and slow down. Okay now you do this intermediate speed and I think people learn best that way. I might take people out and show them 35 plants in a one-hour walk sometimes and I know they aren't gonna remember that. Of course they can't learn 35 new plants in an hour but maybe two years later

when they set down to learn one of those particular plants, the slow way, the right way, either with a friend or with a book or a book and a friend, they're going to have this on inkling in the...

depths of their mind that like, wait, I saw this before. yeah, I remember that one time. I tasted that. I thought it was good, but I don't even know it. And so they may have an impetus to concentrate and they may have just like a little inkling of information in the back of their mind that's helping them connect that deeper additional time when they're learning it better. So I think that kind of all over the map learning, I do think it's important. It's better.

Daniel (06:52.612)

Hmm.

Daniel (07:11.79)

Yeah, I've never taken the time to really break down what my adult learning process is. I know I have a strategy. I've never actually thought about like, are the components of it enough to be able to say like, here's my adult learning strategy. But one of the things that I like to do is I'll kind of get whatever the idiot's guide is to the very basics. And at the same time, I'll listen to let's say a podcast with two experts on the topic.

talking at a very high level that I maybe don't even understand, but I want to hear how they're talking about the topic. And then I also want to like learn those real basic fundamentals, you know, those like individual components that you needed to. And somehow the two of those things like merge together to give me like a greater cloud of knowledge than if I just did one or just did the other. So I think that might be a little bit of kind of what you're talking about.

Sam Thayer (08:02.562)

Yeah, well it's just like how people learn hunting, right? So like, if you grew up in a hunting household, you sit around, you hear the hunting stories year after year, the same stories or new stories, and through that you learn what to do, what not to do. You learn about, take dear behavior. But before I take my kids hunting, I always say to them, I'm like, hey, remember this, be quiet, be alert, be still, be aware, be ready, and be safe.

Daniel (08:09.072)

Hmm.

Daniel (08:23.12)

Yeah.

Daniel (08:30.596)

you

Sam Thayer (08:30.926)

The simple stuff, because so often when we mess up in life it's because we forgot the simple stuff. So all those levels, I think, all the time is a good, healthy way to learn. But I'm not knocking it. Classroom learning is great too, because if you're going to industrialize and teach 32 people at a time, you've got to do it some way.

Daniel (08:52.4)

Yeah. I, so the other day we were sitting down talking and you were sharing about some insights that you had had. And I want to share that. I want you to share that insight because I think it's just, but I want to use it as a learning tool. So you were talking about seeing bird migration in inverse light to how we often are taught it. And I thought that was a cool insight.

but it also was making me think about contemplation on topics. Because when you look at where a lot of like very powerful information that's changed culture has come from, know, things that have had major impacts, they often come from like emergent insight, like sudden bursts of ideation about something. But to have that, I think you need to have contemplation on something. And so I was wondering if you could talk a little bit about

what you were telling me about your insight about bird migration, but then maybe if you could kind of tell me how you arrived there, because I think sometimes people are afraid to or unconditioned, deconditioned to real contemplation that leads to fresh insights. And like we're at a time where boy, fresh insights for people could be really useful.

Sam Thayer (10:14.808)

Well, so one of my things that I have thought for a long time that I often say is that human beings have a cognitive dysfunction in how we think, which is that when we encounter a piece of information or an idea, the first thing we do is not think to ourselves, hmm, how does this idea match with what I observe in the world? That's not how we first think about it. The first thing we think is,

said this, who else believes it, and what do I think of the people who think this? Right? So we think first socially and it's really hard to push people outside of social thinking about subject matters into actually a thinking that involves like facts and data and observations that inform

what we think first and I feel like when we have insights they come from most often outside the people world because people say the same things over and over and over again mostly right so like for example this is maybe seem like off the wall but

I have this my whole life. I've heard the song Pop Goes the Weasel, Round and Round the Mulberry Bush, the Monkey Chased the Weasel, blah, blah. And Pop Goes the Weasel. Well, I used to have weasels that lived in my cabin and under my cabin when I had this little log cabin in the woods. And I had a lot of interactions with weasels. I mean, tons. And I discovered that when weasels are alarmed, especially if like you say you catch a weasel, like you corner one and say it's in a cupboard and you want it outside and so you grab it with gloves, they make a very loud, sharp sound.

Daniel (11:51.46)

Yeah.

Sam Thayer (11:55.08)

It's kind of like I would say in between a chipmunk and a 22. It's kind of like this You know, it'll scare the crap out of you. It's like a rabbit screaming like you'll drop it You'll jump back, you know, and it gives them that chance to get away And that's obviously the pop and pop goes the weasel and I think what I'm like I'm a lot like a monkey right monkey chase the weasel I mean pop goes the weasel I get it like I've been there. I've probably caught

Daniel (12:14.384)

I've been there.

Sam Thayer (12:18.102)

I don't know, at least three weasels with my hands before, you know? And I hate to admit, I've killed a few weasels with my bare hands, because when they're in the house, sometimes when they're peeing on the dishes or something, you gotta deal with that. And yet, so I typed in Google AI the other day.

do real weasels pop? And the answer is no, real weasels do not pop. And then it gives me all this information about weasels not popping and how all the hypotheses for where that nursery rhyme comes from. And it leads me to some YouTube videos that are full of crap, you know, and they're telling me that it has to do with this spinning yarn spinning tool called a weasel. And you know what? You know, that tool may pop, but.

Pop Goes the Weasel in that song clearly refers to a behavior of weasel that exactly fits what's being described in the song, right? And I got that information not from a book, because I've never seen it in a book, not from online, not from a video, not from somebody else. I know I got it from a weasel. I got it from interacting directly with weasels. so, and I feel like people need to, people need to step outside the human world to come to those intuitions.

And we don't do that enough. Now that we're ever connected, it's like, I try to tell my kids, put the phone down and just like observe the real world. It's slower. But what information it gives you is infallible. It's never trying to trick you. It's never selling you something. Never. It's never trying to get you to vote for anybody. It's nature. Look at it and it will tell you things. And it's hard to get the information out. But when you get it, it's real. It's there. And it's...

Daniel (13:39.098)

See?

Sam Thayer (13:54.656)

It's unequivocal. You might interpret it wrong, but that's your fault. That's not because there's some trickery going on. So I feel like that's where at least my more meaningful intuitions come from. So to get back to your bird migration thing, I mean, I've been an avid birder my whole life. And, you know, like most birders, I love my warblers in the spring. And I always thought of like the warblers as and other insect eating birds as traveling south to the tropical forest.

for the winter because our winters were just too cold for them. And I realized through a sort of convoluted set of thoughts one day, like, wait a second, that's totally the opposite. These are itinerant birds. They spend almost their entire life moving and they do go to the tropical forests for a little bit. But mostly they're moving and their entire life revolves around

coming to the northern part of North America to take advantage of our spring and early summer. So at our latitudes, because we're pretty close, that's from like May 15th to July 15th. There are so many insects during that period of time that they, like there is nowhere else in the world with that concentration of insects in space and time. So those birds can survive anywhere.

for a while and they can survive. But there's not the surplus that they need to reproduce. They come up here for that spring and early summer surplus. They are not leaving here to flee our winter. They don't have to be here at all. They are coming here to take advantage of this incredible resource that we take for granted because we're swatting mosquitoes and black flies and we're like, wait a second, that's why these birds are coming here. And...

Daniel (15:45.418)

Right, right.

Sam Thayer (15:49.09)

Part of what led me to that was the experience I had with you of trying to take you out to catch bullfrogs on August, I think it was 10th or 9th, and I've always known that bullfrogs go into hibernation in August, and I usually catch bullfrogs in May and June, and I wasn't paying real acute attention to when the adult bullfrogs in northern Wisconsin go into hibernation until about then. We couldn't find a single adult bullfrog. And so in the two years since then, it's been right about August 5th.

and it's not related to weather. We always want to relate things to weather. The bullfrogs are like, it's really cold, I better go hibernate. No, there's no more insects. Virtually all the aquatic, no, not in that specific instance, But virtually all of the large aquatic insect hatches are done by early August and the bullfrogs are like, this isn't worth it. The risk reward ratio, and because they're cold blooded,

Daniel (16:28.494)

So it's also not photo period.

Daniel (16:33.349)

Hmm.

Sam Thayer (16:46.35)

they can hibernate really easily. They can fatten up and they're not in danger of starving like say a wood chuck which has to produce its own heat and it's harder for the endotherms to slow down their metabolism and hibernate. But even for things like black bears, mean they hibernate in the Okefenokee Swamp in Georgia about the same amount of time, maybe just like two months less or a month and a half less than they do in northern Wisconsin. I mean they're out here now eating deer carcasses even though it's 15 degrees this morning.

It's going to be high of 22 and they're eating deer carcasses and acorns. They're not going to hibernate until the food runs out. It's not about the temperature, it's about the food. So that's part of the process that brought me to that conclusion. And also I was thinking about the difference between tropical and temperate soils, which growing up in the North, you're taught to think of the tropics as like a paradise. And the growing season is longer, but the growing season is much less lush and less productive.

And that's something that if you go to tropical countries people see and have trouble processing that but you can also just watch. Now there's videos of everything. Like just watch a video on gardening in Togo, you know, and look at how poor the soil is and you know look at how vegetation grows. It's slow and it is, you know, not very lush and that kind of reverberates through everything about tropical economics and tropical ecology. Plants...

have trouble getting resources and they hold them very carefully and they produce a lot of toxins in their tissues and that's why there are fewer insects. There's high biomass but that biomass is not as edible to insects and so there's not as much food for birds and so they're like, hey dude, this is the time we can go up north and we can get lots of books and have babies. So there's the process.

Daniel (18:32.24)

Yeah.

Daniel (18:36.112)

I love that. guess there's a couple things I want to draw out of that. Let me first say I went very naively to the tropics a couple times when I was young. So right around when I was 20 thinking I wanted to escape modernity. I wanted to go live off the grid and just eat fruits and live naturally and do yoga in the sun or whatever. And I remember going to, so I tried it in Florida, South Florida, tried it in Maui. And I remember just being like, oh, it doesn't work like that down here.

Like you said, the soil is really poor. And while you can grow horticulturally amazing tropical fruits, the foraging can be pretty poor. You know, I foraged in the Amazon, I foraged in Hawaii, I've foraged in New Zealand, I've foraged in Florida. The foraging is better up here for the most part, or at least the diversity and the abundance of edible foods during our growing season do seem a lot better up here. that's just an interesting, you know, thing that I learned from like

naivety and actually trying it. But I also want to say how so that was a fail for me and I learned from that and I just think it's interesting that the bullfrog fail that we had led to those insights. And I'll tie that into this. When we were talking the other day, so I'm a I'm an apocalyptic alarmist, you're kind of the opposite. And okay, but you have a great temper to it. I appreciate that.

Sam Thayer (19:56.513)

I'm with you more than you might know.

Sam Thayer (20:01.774)

tried to.

Daniel (20:01.892)

So we were lot of conversation happening right now, of course, about AI that's in the zeitgeist, right? We're all watching it like sort of filter into our world. My feeling is I think it's moving faster than mobile phones. And I think if when I go back to my first mobile phone, I had no idea what was coming. I couldn't imagine what that technology was about to turn into, but it took 20 years or something for it to mature to where it is today. But I'm watching AI mature more quickly and

I'm worried that the cognitive impacts are gonna be far more extreme than they've been with phones. So I'm really worried about what's gonna happen with people. And one of the first things that I'm seeing, you know, I was really disturbed to read this statistic recently that only 1 % of Google users click through to any links now because they get the AI insights. There's no reason to go to any websites. Now that's got a couple of, a couple problems emerge from that. One is,

who's gonna create content for websites because if you're not getting any traffic to your website, then you are disincentivized financially to put content on your website. So that means that we might be reaching like sort of the functional end of new content being put onto websites, which is kind of a bummer. But second to that, well actually not, more important to that is that I'm watching how people get information changed really, really fast.

And so my concern is that people are not going to contemplate, observe and contemplate because it's faster to just go get the information, even when the information's wrong, because you and I both witnessed over our life, people have no problem holding onto wrong information. In fact, I mean, in a lot of cases that they almost seem to prefer it. So I was curious to hear from you because the perspective that I was hearing from you around the dinner table that night was,

like, guys, think this AI, we're in a hype cycle right now. Like, okay, it sounds like it's gonna have all these massive ramifications, but I think it's probably gonna reach a crescendo and level out. So that was sort of what you were saying. I would love for you to expand on that, share your perspective on it and how you think and feel it's going to affect human cognition. Because I'm looking for positives and I see some, but way more outweighed by negatives right now.

Sam Thayer (22:25.996)

Well, I don't want to seem like I'm much of a prognosticator about technology, right? So, I mean, who am I to say? I mean, I didn't get a cell phone six years ago.

Daniel (22:32.964)

Well, can I give a little perspective on who you are to say? mean, first of all, you have a deeper ecological knowledge and connection than 99.9 % of modern people living in the modern life way. So that's one reason. You pump your own water at your house by hand. I mean, you're living with a foot in both worlds and most people are all in to modernity. So I think you have a perspective

you you gather a significant amount of your calories out of wild places from species that you have relationships with. I mean, that alone puts you in a pretty unique position to comment on it because you're less touched by it. So I think a lot of us, you know, it's like if somebody's in abusive relationship and you're like, tell me about your husband, you know, versus like you're watching it from the outside, watching that person get beat up and be like, let me tell you about your husband. You know, like you you're less of

You have less Stockholm syndrome to our culture. So I think that your perspectives matter and are really important.

Sam Thayer (23:37.998)

Okay, well I agree with you there but I still am nervous about prognosticating about the future. it seems like the history of technology is when a technology first comes out there's a prediction that it's going to have this, there will be like a rapid increase in its utility and in its functionality and there's a prediction that that's going to just perpetually increase at that rate but eventually

Daniel (23:45.178)

We all should be.

Sam Thayer (24:07.886)

there's a leveling off, but at the same time that technology goes somewhere that we didn't imagine it was going to go.

Sam Thayer (24:22.912)

I feel like, I guess one is maybe it's just rosy thinking, but really rapidly. Well, say for example, electrification of homes and lighting, right? When that came out, it just really rapidly spread, like in one human lifetime from like virtually nobody having it to virtually everybody having it. And, but.

it didn't change a lot then in the next human lifetime. And I know that lighting is a simple technology, right? But when you look at firearms, right? So there's been a few major improvements in firearms since they were invented. And then there's been a leveling off and there hasn't been really huge increases in the functionality of firearms for now for a human lifetime, right? And so those are much simpler technologies and it's maybe easier to predict, but...

It seems like something like that happened both with cell phone use and with AI use, but I don't know where the end point is, and I don't know what the unexpected permutation is going to be. I was talking with my kids about this, how today people can't imagine living without a cell phone. And I remember when I was my son's age, when I was 14 and I was first exposed to the idea of cell phones, and I first saw people with cell phones and they were like these giant things, and I'm like.

Who needs that? Who wants a stupid phone you have to carry all the time? I don't want people to be able to call me all the time. I don't want my mom to be able to call me when I'm fishing. You know, like I don't need to talk to my friends when I'm out in the woods. If they're with me, that's cool, but I don't want to talk to them otherwise, you know? And like now it's an absolute necessity. So an absurdity became a necessity. So what absurdity today will be a necessity in 25 or 30 years? I don't know. I was trying to be optimistic, but I'm terrified.

Daniel (25:53.782)

Right. Right. Right.

Daniel (26:16.272)

Okay, all right, all right good we're on the same page.

Sam Thayer (26:16.77)

in the same way that you are. Yeah, we're on the same page. I'm terrified. was just, I felt like, I don't know, I felt like you were so worried about it that I wanted to like, I wanted to throw a wrench into the machinations of your worry, right? I was like, hey, there could be light at the end of tunnel. I mean, I don't know. Maybe it's just a train coming, but there could be light at the end of that tunnel, you know? And so I'm really not disagreeing with you in any fundamental way about that.

Daniel (26:38.37)

Yeah. Yeah.

Sam Thayer (26:46.658)

kind of tempering it, because maybe I need to do that for myself too.

Daniel (26:47.578)

Yeah, balancing it out, I appreciate that. I often will do the same. I guess, you know, when we started off talking today, I was asking you about who comes in as new students. And I'm wondering, so I felt for a long time that the work that we do with Wild Foods matters more than a lot of other hobbies. You know, there's lots of things people can do for hobbies that are really fun and really cool. You could be a kite surfing or

paragliding or you know any roller skating or like there's all kinds of hobbies a person can have but this one is the one that people needed to survive since there was people and so it has a unique place it's not just like a hobby like forging is my hobby it's like much deeper than that and it gives people the ability I mean

pray we never need it, but it gives us the ability to restart and reset after calamity if you have this knowledge. And it can disaster proof you against famine or collapse of crops or, or any number of things that could happen. It just gives you that firm foundation. It connects you to ecology. I think there's like a fundamental deep loneliness that human beings are going through because they don't know any other species. And so it's like,

Humans, cats, and dogs, a pretty lonely world to live in when there's as many species as there are to know. I'm sure you've seen some of that research that was done that showed that the average elementary school kid knew more animals from Africa's savanna than they did from their own environment. So you have all that kind of going on. And now with what's happening with AI, you see people kind of moving more and more into the digital space and almost like abandoning the natural world. So they're spending all their time in the built environment.

and now more and more in the digital environment. And so I'm wondering if there's gonna be sort of like a natural exodus of people who are like divergent in their thinking that are like, wait, no, I need to like go back in the other direction. So I'm wondering if you're seeing any of that. I'm wondering if...

Daniel (28:59.96)

If you think that it's possible where people are getting too far out on a limb and any of these skills could be necessary, or do you think that for generations to come, this remains like a hobby of ours? You know what I mean? Because it could just be like it just remains a hobby. We just keep passing it on to the next generation, or it could be like, wow, man, mean, you you can't buy or sell unless you have a chip in your brain. So good to know how to get some eats. You know what I mean?

Sam Thayer (29:27.854)

I think it should be both things and I think it will be both things. I think it will be part of the resistance to control of us. You know, it's like the book Brave New World. I know if you read that, you know. know, people, I do think in times and places people will simply separate themselves from the greater society in order to have some autonomy and freedom and to do that they will have to have certain skills. It also, however, I mean,

Daniel (29:39.738)

yeah, yeah.

Sam Thayer (29:57.678)

We, as in the government, the corporate media, I say the clergy of GDP, the people that worship GDP as if that's a measurement of vitality and life and happiness and that's all that's good. GDP has replaced the church from Western European civilization in the Middle Ages. The church was the everything that society was like built for and moved.

Daniel (30:07.962)

Mm-hmm.

Sam Thayer (30:25.442)

towards and in unison with and under the tutelage and control of, that was the church, right? The quasi-religious state. And today it's GDP. GDP is this like, God we worship. And...

Daniel (30:40.688)

For people listening, to say it, you're talking about gross domestic product, talking about our economy.

Sam Thayer (30:43.022)

Gross domestic product, like it's the sacred number that if a politician was to doubt the sacred number, they would never have a political career after that. Just like you would have been excommunicated and perhaps, you know, assassinated in the middle ages if you doubted the church's validity, right? And so, on this tangent, I'm losing my train of a little bit, but the people, the,

Daniel (31:07.408)

I'm pushing you into a new territory here with this conversation.

Sam Thayer (31:13.364)

Like, so the people that control our thoughts and everything, they don't control us just by giving us things that we need. They now control us by giving us things that we become addicted to. And maybe it's been that way for a long time. There's people that hypothesize that a big part of the origin of agriculture itself was beer. But the...

What they're doing is they're giving people addictive substances. I mean, if you go into a gas station, it's like, you're surrounded by addictive substances. know, sugar, caffeine, nicotine. I mean, it's just, you alcohol. And then people are carrying around these addictive objects, these phones, that have addictive information because it's...

cognitively, psychologically addictive and you can watch that especially in children. You can just watch them with the addiction and you see children and adults too but it's really obvious in children because they've learned a little bit less restraint. They go through withdrawal symptoms if they are taken away from that addictive object, addictive information and I didn't really suspect

powerful like that's maybe a new insight for me like in the last eight or ten years and I'm struggling with how people will get past that addiction but just like your addiction to sugar is I think best cured by a healthy diet it's not that easy right but if you can cut yourself off of sugar and eat healthy food I think the psychological addiction that we get and the substance addictions together compounded as like kind of like a

They call the military industrial complex. It's like the physical, psychological, addictive complex that we are fed to keep us in line. We can break from that through foraging. And that's why I think that by being in touch with nature, we can help ourselves think on our own, but also eat on our own and understand what healthy thought feels like and what healthy food feels like.

Daniel (33:21.146)

Yeah.

Sam Thayer (33:23.968)

and what a healthy lifestyle feels like. So I think that besides being this fallback skill in case times get really bad, and if we look at human history, times periodically get really bad, and those skills really matter, and of course it's going to happen again, and it's happening multiple places in the world right now. But also I think it's a hobby that we should curate as our birthright.

and pass down and teach to our children and participate in that and not in the sense of kids you need to do this because it's good for you and they're like kids let's do this it's awesome it's great you know and it has its own addictive element it's know forging is the original video game you know like the original video game you know all these things you know fishing has that same reward you know endorphin rush and all that the anticipation

Daniel (34:10.96)

Yeah.

Sam Thayer (34:22.894)

And you know, I don't know how important it has to be to provide that function in our psychological and physical lives, but I think it needs to be part of our lives. I think we need to think of it not as a fringe thing. I think we need to think of it as like tooth brushing. Right? It's like a thing, I mean, know some people that don't believe in brushing teeth, but like in general, okay, like hygiene, right? Like if you're ignoring your hygiene, you know, that's a problem.

I feel like if foraging or some meaningful connection to nature isn't part of your life, you're missing some psychological hygiene. And I don't think it's replaceable with any other activity. Like I think bird watching is great and it's very not tangentially related to foraging, right? The desire to watch birds. It's like, you know, if I was a cat and there was a window and there's birds outside, I'm gonna watch those birds, right? I mean, humans, we watch wildlife because it's part of what we are, you know?

And the curiosity is general whether we're eat the thing or not. We're curious about life and how life unfolds So I think that that foraging is part of our psychological birthright and I I do think it's hard without connecting nature in this like fundamental ways for us to be psychologically healthy and To be able to think well and we see this in

are when people get their information from screens or from each other or from newspapers or books or televisions, whatever it is, instead of directly from nature, then we are prone to being manipulated because somebody is controlling that information that's given to you and they have a motive. Nature provides a constant stream of information with no motive. It's just there.

for you to pull from it what it can teach you and then you can in the clarity of the absence of noise, nature is not noise, it's information, right? In the absence of that noise, you can analyze the information and come up with insights that are valuable to you. mean, you know, that's why Jesus would go up and pray for 40 days and 40 nights, right? Like,

Sam Thayer (36:47.916)

like whatever you want to call it. mean, that's communing with the divine. But it doesn't have to be 40 days and 40 nights. It could be 15 minutes in the morning before breakfast or whatever it is. mean, you know.

Daniel (36:56.944)

Yeah.

Daniel (37:01.24)

It's interesting, know, just because you just said that I'll bring up the metaphor. Something that's fascinated me from very early on is how what the symbol on the back of the phone is for most of us, you know, because it's it's the apple with the bite taken out of it, right? So that's the knowledge of good and evil, right? That's the forbidden fruit, obviously with the bite. If it was just an apple, you'd be like, well, it's just an apple, but it's got the bite taken out. And that was sort of like the idea that what corrupted mankind

was instead of that communion with the divine, it was going after this false teaching, right? So that's like the sort of biblical metaphor. And here we are now where we're all addicted to this device that gives us this information, but it's like often very corrupted information. It's not that observational information or those insights that come direct, you know? And what's challenging about it, so something I've been doing lately is I keep my phone on black and white because I notice that all those bright light colors,

When I was a kid, remember, do you remember the toy Light Bright? Yeah, and you could like turn off the lights, right? So if you're a Gen Z kid or something, a millennial, you don't remember this toy. I it was basically a light box with all these little perforations in it, and you'd stick a black piece of paper over it that would cover the light. And then you had these little translucent little posts, little pokey posts. Yeah, and you'd stick them in and there would be a pre-

Sam Thayer (38:02.936)

Yeah, yeah.

Sam Thayer (38:23.318)

Yeah, I totally forgot about this, but yeah.

Daniel (38:27.534)

designed pattern on there and you'd put them in and the light would come through those translucencies and it would light up and glow. Well, before the digital age, that kind of color was like looking at fireworks or something or the Aurora. It just was very enticing. But now we have that in our. Yeah, right by the exactly I got to erase this thing. That's still a pretty cool toy, actually. Anyway, my point is now we have that in our pocket and those bright lights.

Sam Thayer (38:42.498)

That was on the shelf right by the Etch-A-Sketch.

Daniel (38:55.054)

It's like when you walk into the convenience store full of all the addictive things you were talking about and they're all brightly colored, little juicy, sweet, sugary, but it's like all this like hyper stimulating color. You know, when you're looking at your phone and then you look up at the natural world, it's like the natural world can look a little dull at first till you reacclimate to it. And that's what I see so hard for kids is like, it takes a little while to where you start to see nature as bright and exciting.

when you're used to all of those bright colors, you know? So I'm kind of curious your thoughts on that. You were talking about the 40 days in the wilderness or the 15 minutes of gathering insight. Any thoughts on how to, or maybe on how you manage that or how your kids are managing that? Making that break from, because obviously you're having to interact with these technologies, you're doing it right now with me. So have you found challenges in breaking away from it to,

Re-acclimating to the natural world. Like how are you managing that?

Sam Thayer (39:56.386)

It's hard, but.

One thing I would say is, is nature's, the signals can be subdued and they can be diffused, right? But those bright colors in nature, they are information, important information, like a bright red fruit. It's there, it's bright to attract your attention to it. This might be food. A bright red caterpillar, a bright yellow caterpillar, or a coral snake. These are signals that nature is giving that there's something you need to pay attention to here. But.

Now, if you can give kids a turtle, right? Like, you have a screen, right? Like, you give them a real turtle, all of a sudden, they forget about that screen for a while, right? Because the screen is not nearly as exciting as the turtle, right? The turtle's not addictive in the way that the screen is. So, that doesn't answer all of it, right? Because that turtle's not gonna be there forever and eventually they're gonna go tired of the turtle. But for 20 minutes...

Daniel (40:31.61)

Yeah, yeah.

Sam Thayer (40:56.438)

I might, the whole world might be the turtle, right? Or the bullfrogs. Or a snake. I mean, you add fear or excitement, you know? I find a big bull snake or a fox snake and I can show some kids. I mean, everything disappears. They're probably gonna pull their phone out and try to take a picture of it. But for the most part, it now centered on the real world. And so part of hooking kids

Daniel (41:16.856)

Yeah.

Sam Thayer (41:26.088)

or anyone, say kids, people, adults also, into nature and overcoming that addictive power is finding those most powerful elements of nature, the very things that we're trying to imitate the relationship to, like the excitement, like catching a fish for a kid is still super excited if you can get them past the boredom of not catching a fish until you catch one. Or same thing with hunting or whatever.

So I try to look for those situations where I can show somebody something really exciting that's like right away that they can experience like a fruit or berry or hazelnuts smell them you can't smell anything on your phone you know like like like not now now taste the sour juice in the husk of that hazelnuts just bite it I'll tell you bite the hazelnuts smell it like you'll never forget that smell now bite it and the juice comes out it's like sour astringent but lemony

juice and you're like I had no idea that hazelnut tastes like that. I I can just close my eyes at any time and imagine that hazelnut smell you know and I smell that hazelnut husk smell and I taste the juice of the husk I can taste the nut inside and then rip it open and crack a few and get kids to taste them and it's like magic it's a real physical object but yeah it is a constant battle to pull people away from the addictive thing and that's why the addiction is so powerful.

I think we need to call it out by name and call it what it is. And this technology is so new that we are not used to describing it for what it is. Like we know that alcohol is addictive and we've watched it ruin people's lives. And we've seen it taken out of its original context, cultural context, now just destroying people's lives because it's cheapened.

Daniel (42:57.488)

Mm-hmm.

Sam Thayer (43:19.214)

We have not developed a set of like social norms and ideas and teaching points and talking points among ourselves, each other and our children to deal with this digital technology. You know, there's research coming out that it's like we can't even keep up with it. Like by the time I read what I'm supposed to have done with my kids 40 years ago, it's too late, you know? So it's real, but nature is also powerfully.

Daniel (43:39.812)

Mm-hmm.

Sam Thayer (43:46.478)

I would say addictive, in a healthy way, in the same way that food is addictive, right? Like friendship is addictive. Like if you have a good friend, then not having a friend in your life all of a sudden feels like you're really messing out on something. It's supposed to be that.

Daniel (43:51.887)

Yeah.

Daniel (43:59.601)

addictive but non destructive. Yeah, well, okay, I don't

Sam Thayer (44:01.381)

Right, right.

Daniel (44:07.524)

When we were at that lecture, doing our workshops there at Kripalu, Sephora made a joke about me being real doomy and that she said that, you know Daniel's message, it's too late to be pessimistic, she was saying, which I thought was really funny. But at the risk of being that way, I guess I'm just that way, one thing that's happening is that as these technologies rise, concurrently with it, the natural world,

is being altered very dramatically, very quickly. So lest somebody who doesn't have experience in the natural world thinks that, you know, there's all this wild, this wild world, and then there's just these pockets of civilization and the rest of that's been left intact. Like if it's not built up, it's intact. Like that's not true, right? I mean, we've dramatically changed landscapes, moved species, altered distributions, and then added

a lot of chemistry to the environment. I saw I want to talk about that too, because it's not like us as foragers and hunters, we just step out into some pristine like Eden where it's like still untouched by civilization. And then I want to add to that this piece about everybody knows it, everybody knows the natural world's in a bad state, because we haven't been tending to it. And instead, we've been exploiting it. So we've created this

myth about, it's almost like a religious myth about our climate. It seems like, I feel like five years ago I would have been very hesitant to say that. I would have spoken much more carefully because boy, people would just attack you for it. Now I feel like people are kind of realizing, it's not that the climate isn't changing, the climate's a verb, it's always changing. But this story we have about the climate,

isn't necessarily the whole story. Like the problem with our ecology is a lot more of the things we're doing to it. And I was wondering if you could speak to that because it's like people just think, it's just, it's what I'm exhaling is the problem. And it's like, man, that's actually not really the problem.

Sam Thayer (46:20.024)

Well, can I speak to it? It's like more like, can I shut up? So first I want to give you like a look at human history in a way that distills in a way that not many people have thought about it. Right? If we look at the long scope of human history, you could say at some point in the past, I don't know how long ago, and it may have never happened with the species Homo sapiens. Let's say we were living off of

Daniel (46:21.904)

Please. Yeah, okay, let's see, got some time.

Sam Thayer (46:50.018)

natural environments and we were taking natural as an unaffected by humans, right? And we were just taking a surplus food out of that system and eating it. And that's why our numbers were at a low density, right? And that may have never been part of our species history. Probably wasn't.

Daniel (47:07.386)

For listeners, you're saying that might have been another species of Homo before Homo sapien?

Sam Thayer (47:12.462)

Yeah, so maybe Homo erectus lived that way or maybe Homo heidelbergensis lived that way maybe Neanderthals lived that way But I think you know people act like that's an outlandish statement I'm like hey look beavers have been around a long time and they create their own environment. They raise their own food essentially They don't they don't farm the way humans farm, but they create their own food environment

Daniel (47:34.404)

Landscape Engineers.

Sam Thayer (47:36.066)

Exactly. Pocket gophers do a similar thing. It's not as well known, but they create the disturbance that promotes the plants that produce roots that are good for pocket gophers, you know, by their mounds and so they kind of create their own disturbance that creates their own food supply. So I think human beings probably have always been that way. We had fire before we were homo sapiens. However, at some point...

We've grown gradually more organized and systematic and how we manage the landscape. So the first big tool for doing that was fire. Now fire in general on many landscapes promotes the production of food. Now don't need to get into all the detailed theories about this, but when you add fire to a landscape, fire generally increases the amount of food for human beings on the landscape for a number of reasons. Fire keeps the biomass closer to the ground so it's more edible to large

herbivores that makes more meat for people to eat. It increases the amount of nuts and small seeded, herbaceous plants with edible seeds and fire increases the quantity of fruit on the landscape and root vegetables. I mean, that's basically the gamut of human foods right there. All of them are generally benefited by fire. So people learned a long, long time ago, certainly by 30,000 years ago, virtually every hunter-gatherer

group in the world knew at least some places fire was a way to affect the landscape. Now fire is like, it kills some plants but not all plants. You you burn a landscape, it favors some plants over others. And the next big thing that people figured out or started doing to control the landscape was the plow. Plows, unlike fires, kill everything. So you clear land, you kill all the native vegetation, and then you make sure it all stays dead.

except for the one or two things you want to plant. That's a plow. And the plow went through, first it was human operated, then it was pulled by draft animals, then the plow was pulled by machines, and they each made it more labor efficient and more land could be put under the plow. And this was a great destructive process. So fires changed the ecology of the world, but they made the world...

Sam Thayer (49:46.126)

It was still natural, was still vibrant and full of life and you could argue that maybe it made the world, quote, better, but it made it better for people, right, and certain species. Other species didn't benefit as much, but, you know, the plow was different, right? With each step of mechanizing the plow,

First, the plow was confined to really good soils and really small areas and the food was really precious. It was produced. When you added animals, you could do bigger areas and then when you added machinery, internal combustion engines, all of a sudden plows could be applied to humongous areas and zip, there goes the 20 % of the Earth's land surface that is the most ecologically productive is gone. It is ecologically dead. It is not much better than a parking lot ecologically, right? And then,

We are now coming to this great new, the next revolution in control of the biosphere, the way to kill plants is now chemical, right? And some people think I'm exaggerating that, like, but this is just as big as the invention of the plow. So we can go back to, you know, there were very expensive general herbicides.

available for a long time like when the Romans defeated Carthage, Scipio spread salt on Carthaginian fields so they couldn't grow crops, right? That was an herbicide, but a very expensive one. And you know, then we had things like copper sulfate, very expensive, kills everything, borate, know, things that are... It's with World War II that we come up with cheap potent herbicides.

And that was as big of an invention in terms of its impact on world ecology as the invention of agriculture itself.

Daniel (51:35.546)

Can I pause you there and ask this question? Do you think it's fair to say that the weapons of war were converted into pesticides essentially? Like these were munitions, right? And we're talking about nitrogen, which still can be used to make explosives. Were these weapons technologies that we converted to agricultural purposes essentially?

Sam Thayer (51:59.598)

Some of them were, and certainly the capital was repurposed, right? So there was this massive investment in chemical producing capital, and then that was repurposed for agricultural chemicals. even if, you know, the war may have made these things happen a little quicker, but it was going to happen anyway. Yeah, we were strongly trending there. But as has happened so often in human history, conflict is a major push toward innovation, right? So we maybe got there a generation earlier, but...

Daniel (52:15.376)

We were trending there.

Sam Thayer (52:28.726)

Now we have, you know, 2,4-D and glyphosate and all these different chemicals that are usually selective. But what they allow us to do that even plows, even mechanically driven plows couldn't do is they allow us to control the vegetation on steep rugged landscapes where we cannot easily operate machinery. And also on landscapes where the biotic production potential is low.

And so we're already seeing this in Europe. Most of the forests of Northern Europe, or most of Europe in general, is actually tree plantations. It's not forest anymore. so the biggest threat to forests in the world today is the replacement of forests with tree plantations. And this is insidious, right? So we had like a few years ago, maybe 2020, I forget what it's called, I think I wrote it down, the...

the name of this organization. yeah, the World Economic Forum. have their one, yeah, yeah, by the way, World Economic Forum, GDP worshipers as organized as they can be, right? And so we have people like, you know, they have the Trillion Tree Initiative. Donald Trump's on board. Emmanuel Macron is on board. You know, everyone's on board. Well, you know what they're doing? They are,

Daniel (53:35.203)

yeah, lovely fellas over there. I love those folks.

Sam Thayer (53:57.4)

cutting down real forests and replacing them with tree plantations. And they are constantly using the rhetoric of carbon sequestration to reduce global warming as part of the excuse for this ecologically egregious act. I got to actually go in France to these places while they were actively cutting ancient native beach forests.

mostly beech, some oak, some elm, but mostly beech, and replacing them with Douglas fir plantations established in rows and maintained with herbicide. That is what herbicide is allowing us to do. So you take rugged landscapes. So all the nature left in the world, it's either too wet, it's too rugged, or it's too unproductive for agriculture. So we have the vast boreal forests. It's soil-less.

glacier scraped rock of the Canadian shield and in northern Europe, you know, we have these vast boreal forests, biggest forest in the world, right? And then we have the second biggest forest area in the world. We've got the tropical rainforests. We've got the Congo, we have, you know, Borneo and parts of Southeast Asia. And then we have the Amazon rainforest, super infertile. You know, people don't realize that that's the least fertile soil in the world. That's like made of small part.

Daniel (55:21.422)

All the nutrients are in the forest itself, but not in the soil there, right? Essentially the soil is a very thin layer and all those nutrients are in the canopy, right? Something like that.

Sam Thayer (55:31.266)

Yes, but what's also happened is that areas around the equator that have not been disturbed by mountain upheaval or glaciers, the soil layers have not mixed. There's no new rock. So the soluble minerals have been removed for, in most of those places, more than 100 million years of rain has leached the soluble minerals out of the soil. So even what is in the system is very, very sparse and low.

Daniel (55:57.092)

needs like a catastrophic renewal event.

Sam Thayer (55:59.884)

Yeah, exactly. I that's what glaciers were. That is why temperate regions that are glaciated or mountainous regions is where all of the high densities of people in the world are, and it's where people are most prosperous because it creates fertile soils. So anyways, the tropical rainforests are also, right now, I guarantee you, there's a whole bunch of airplanes flying over the Amazon, spraying herbicide down to defoliate, and then people are, I mean, this is, people can research this. This is going on huge scale.

but we're not in the Amazon looking at that. And when we're looking at our smartphones, it's not popping up, right? So these massive change in world ecology is happening like under our noses, but we're not even sniffing it, you know? We're not even looking at it. So, you know, the Mesquite country in Texas, it used to be...

that these areas of Texas were prairie and mesquite was usually confined to steep ravines and washes and long streams and it was scattered on the uplands but fires would burn the prairies of Texas and they would push back the mesquite and it's a natural native plant. It's a great plant in a lot of ways. It's great for wildlife but ranchers don't like it and when they remove fire from the landscape and you add the disturbance of cattle droppings and cattle trampling and grazing the mesquite goes crazy and has been managed instead of

through fire, mostly through chainsaw. But when you cut just mesquite with a chainsaw, you're just cutting mesquite. Now, mesquite's managed with herbicide. There is roughly 50 to 55 million acres of mesquite rangeland in Texas. That is about one and a half times the size of the state of Wisconsin. It's about 1.7 times the size of the state of Maine. It's ridiculous, right? And almost all of that, very comfortable saying an area the size of the entire state of Wisconsin.

the state of New York or the state of Maine. That much area is being nuked eerily with herbicide in the state of Texas. Just in Texas, as its normal form of management. When they do this, it doesn't kill this mesquite, it kills two thirds to three quarters of the native flora is obliterated by the spraying. And no one's talking about it.

Daniel (58:12.9)

What is this glyphosate or are we talking about other pesticides too?

Sam Thayer (58:17.454)

I'm actually not sure what pesticides are being used, but I've been there on the ground, walked through the sprayed areas, watched the regenerating vegetation. Texas is a big state. There's a lot of hours you can drive through this. I mean, there are literally chunks of like 20,000 acres of mesquite skeletons with non-native invasive weeds and grasses and some native ones mixed in growing up between those mesquites. And this is one example, right?

Daniel (58:44.376)

Can I, a couple things are emerging here for me as you say this. One is, and this part is like really shocking and insidious. A lot of the people who are involved in this kind of work consider themselves as environmentalists. They're doing this work for the environment in their minds, right? Like I know a lot of what's happening here with the spraying of roadsides with pesticide is to eliminate invasive species. They think they're actually doing useful work.

for native species, right? So the people perpetrating it think they're doing it for good. So that's like one component. Second thing I wanna say is so many people think that the reason that we're genetically modifying food crops is to make them more productive when in reality it's just to make them resistant to the glyphosate that allows us to now instead of spot apply, aerial spray it and the plants that were growing that means that.

They're resistant, so that means they can be covered in it, which is not good for us, because we're gonna eat them. But also, these aren't more productive varieties of plants. They're just resistant to the poison that we couldn't spray on them before. So that's like another component. And then the third part of this I wanna say is that this is what's happening while we're all talking about carbon, right? So we're talking about CO2. Meanwhile, we're wholesale poisoning our soils and

Sam Thayer (01:00:02.072)

Mm-hmm.

Daniel (01:00:10.042)

defoliating denuding our landscape at the same time. All those things true.

Sam Thayer (01:00:15.374)

Absolutely. you know, and I'm not saying that human cause global warming is not real. It's real and it's a problem and we need to address it. And look, like I live off grid, you know, I have a house that I built out of logs that I cut and carried on my shoulders on my property, know, like locally cut wood. I heat with wood. You know, like I said, I pump my own water. Like I have tried to live by those

Daniel (01:00:21.68)

Mm-hmm. Sure. Yep.

Sam Thayer (01:00:44.246)

values, know, off-grid photovoltaic, solar electric, etc. But that's not going to solve this climate issue, you know. And we can't try to solve the climate issue and ignore the things. I mean, this herbicide thing is a way bigger deal ecologically. I mean, while we sit and argue about carbon footprints and about, you know, carbon sequestration and what's the best way to lower

our carbon footprint and all that. All of the things that we are worried about global warming doing, we are doing actively with herbicide at a far faster rate than global warming would ever do them. And each time there's an issue, we're talking about that issue, framing it in a way that ignores the ecology and just focuses on the global warming part. I'll give you two examples. We talk about monarchs disappearing on the Great Plains.

and all the other thousands of insects that are disappearing. Like as much as the monarchs are declining, there's like, it's not like monarchs are declining way more than other things. There's tons of plants and animals declining just like monarchs. And that is almost 100 % caused by herbicide. And people will talk like 60 % of the discussion of it is like revolves around, maybe it's only 40%, but it revolves around, you know, global warming.

Daniel (01:02:07.044)

You

Sam Thayer (01:02:10.744)

Global warming is not harming the monarchs. It's the herbicide. And you can just compound that over, say, maybe 7,000 native species just in North America. And we're not talking about the herbicide is that problem. And I had another.

Daniel (01:02:25.232)

We'll almost talk about everything else. mean, you'll hear it's the cell phone towers, it's the 5G, it's the, you know, everything, but you don't hear. the thing about the insects is I've witnessed it in my lifetime. I witness it because it's so simple and people who've listened to me for years will have heard this, but it used to be if you drove from the North Maine woods down to where I live in Southern Maine in the summertime, your car would absolutely be caked in dead insects. And you can do that drive now.

and there's barely any. And I mean, just have watched it year after year. It's just less insects. I mean, considerably.

Sam Thayer (01:03:01.294)

and less birds and less snakes and less lizards and I mean you almost all these species across the board and you know so other and you know the environmental movement has a history of doing this right so I'll give you an example like in from like 1920 to like say 2000 2010 almost a century there there was this focus on deforestation

Daniel (01:03:04.292)

Hmm.

Sam Thayer (01:03:31.052)

Right? And let's look here at the United States. During that period, our amount of forest was dramatically increasing during that period. And yet we have this smoky the bear ethic, right? And smoky the bear was a tool created by industry and government in lockstep to trick people about forest ecology and trick them into allowing us to manage forests for timber rather than for nature.

Right? And so we eliminated fire from our forest management and then we create this horrible fire problem that is in the western states, all over the country, but especially California. Right? And that is partly due to global warming, the serious fire problems we've had recently, but it is mostly caused by this smokey the bear mentality of managing forests for industry rather than ecologically sound. And for that century, we were ignoring

We were ignoring all the species, which is roughly 40 % of the species in North America, which are fire dependent, because virtually all of our forests and all of our prairies are fire dependent or fire was an important part of modulating those ecosystems over time. While all sorts of plants and animals just disappeared steadily for years in the 30s, 40s, 50s, it was like exponential, like each decade there was like, you know,

only 40 % at the end of the decade, what there was in the beginning. And I got to see it even in my lifetime. I go to southern Wisconsin and the prairie relics that I visited in the 80s and early 90s, they're all gone. They're buckthorn and brush and forest. And we were losing our prairies and all of our grasslands and all of our fire dependent communities, even though we scientifically knew we were losing them, because the media and industry and government was focused on industrializing

our forests. And so we lost our forests and our grasslands because of this warped quasi-environmental thing that was happening in our heads. And it's happening now with climate change in that, you know, I used to wonder, I used to see, like when I was a teenager, I used to see like the political right as like the enemy of environmentalism. And I was like, you know, I was in a birds and snakes and, you know, and like I was a nature conservative volunteer when I was

Sam Thayer (01:05:51.31)

14 at the age of 17 I became I got the certification to be a nature Conservancy spokesperson so I could go like a to like a DNR meeting and say like as a representative of the nature Conservancy I think blah blah blah right and like and and and I just I Really love what the nature Conservancy did but you know I used to one I used to think that our enemies were on the political right well those people just they admit that they don't give a crap about nature right on the left you have this like I don't know this like he's like

pencil pushing office urban people that think that they care about nature but don't know a damn thing about it and don't actually care. They just think it's good to sound like they care. And so those people

have they control the rhetoric now so that we just aren't talking about all these other issues. Environmentalism is dead. Environmentalism was killed by the left not the right. The right never supported it. I mean a little bit right but the right didn't really care about the environment and they admitted that. The left pretended they cared and in that insidious

Daniel (01:06:58.032)

Well, on the right they call it conservation and the interest is really in antlers.

Sam Thayer (01:07:04.588)

Well, some, yeah, but I mean, there's all, if you go back to like the 50s, you know, there was more legitimate concern, like on the political right. But by the 80s and 90s, it had mostly dissipated, right? So to say within my lifetime. But actually, if we talk about the real issues, it's easier to get the political right interested because there are a lot of people.

Daniel (01:07:31.192)

Now, present, we're talking about.

Sam Thayer (01:07:31.766)

I live, yeah, I live around them. They vote for Trump and they are very right leaning. But if I talk about a bird disappearing, they care because it's concrete and they have birds in their yard, right? But if I talk about an abstract thing about climate change that they sense, they smell bullshit and they want to push it away and they are right in what they smell, right? And I'm not saying like, and a lot of these people, they aren't

Some of them are really silly and pretending that there's no climate change happening. But most of them, it's more complicated view than that. And the Nature Conservancy, when I volunteered for them, we had a very distinct mission of preserving land and managing habitats for rare and declining species, et cetera. Most of the Nature Conservancy's mission statement now is about climate change.

The nature conservancy has been absorbed, subsumed, superseded by climatism. Whatever permutation of environmentalism, whether it's just regular old environmentalism or the deep ecology movement from the 80s and 90s that I felt that I was part of, or whether it's conservation, which is like the wise use, but use of natural resources. And I'm there too, right?

I'm all for forestry. It's the most sustainable industry we have. We need to do it right, but we should be cutting our public forests and getting timber from them, because if we don't, we're going to be getting it from tree farms. Right? So I'm there. I'm in the conservation sphere too. But climatism has just replaced all that. We don't talk about biodiversity. We don't talk realistically about any of the environmental issues anymore. And meanwhile, like climate thing is important. It's important. But you know what?

biggest ecological thing facing the world today is not climate change. It's herbicide and we are completely ignoring that. And I've had people just attack me, jump down my throat for saying that, but I'm not getting my information from any talking head anywhere. Not from even somebody on a podcast like this. I'm getting that information from going outside and watching, watching people kill nature with herbicide.

Sam Thayer (01:09:50.048)

And it's so much faster and so much more drastic and so much more severe than any potential climate change scenario that we're talking about. And I'm terrified of what's happening to nature before my eyes. And I'm terrified that there isn't even an environmental movement to talk about it anymore because climate change has swallowed us.

Daniel (01:10:13.616)

It does seem to like the what the climate change narrative is going to lead to from my perspective, at least is climate management. know, so you're seeing now the patents are coming out for, you know, geoengineering, the atmosphere for experiments in the ionosphere, reflective particles, you know, things like that. there's this it's going to lead to, we need to now become managers of weather systems.

which is like, it's so, you know, like not letting any natural processes take place anymore. You know, I feel like that's kind of the desire is to be engineers of everything, right? Like we want to engineer biology. We want to engineer psychology. We want to engineer human beings. We want to engineer ecosystems. Now we want to engineer weather. And I just feel like human beings are not mature enough to manage any of those things.

Sam Thayer (01:11:07.406)

I agree, you know, at some point we need to say we're good enough, our earth is good enough, and we have enough stuff. Like that's about GDP being sacred, right? We don't need to raise that number. We have enough stuff. Like if I go on a walk with you and you and I go pick some persimmons and eat them, there's no GDP value in that. But man, wouldn't that be nice? Wouldn't it be nice to go fishing? Like we could just walk down to a stream somewhere

catch some brook trout and bring them home and cook them for dinner with some vegetables from the garden and some wild rice that I got last year. Like there's no GDP in that, right? But man, wouldn't that be nice? I mean, we need to stop pretending that GDP is quality of life. The earth is good enough, nature is good enough, human beings are good enough, and we have enough stuff. And let's start acting like it. Let's be responsible for once. I agree with you 100%. I mean, about what...

where you, I believe it's going the path that you're talking about going because people don't want to make changes or sacrifices. Like I have green energy in my house, I've off-grid solar, but you know what? We've achieved what we've achieved mostly because we use 8 % of the national average electricity use of a family our size. Well guess what? You don't need solar panels on your roof to cut your electricity use down by 80%. Anyone can cut their fossil fuel use, their carbon footprint, you can cut it by 80%.

without buying any single piece of technology. But what we want is we want to buy a Prius and then put solar panels on the roof so that we can advertise who we are. So it's not about the value, it's about signaling the value we have to the public and saying what group of people we belong to. We need to grow up and stop doing that. We need to make responsible decisions regardless of whether or not we get overt social credit for them.

Daniel (01:12:48.772)

Mm-hmm. Yeah.

Sam Thayer (01:13:05.345)

And that's why I think people need to stay in contact with nature because when you keep putting your hands in nature and you keep eating nature, that gratitude cycle keeps happening and it keeps causing you to think in a framework of gratitude. And the framework of gratitude makes you ask for less, need less, it makes you be more satisfied and more happy. yeah, and you know, the other thing is

climate change, carbon sequestration, all the... this is all being used to support extraordinarily egregiously anti-environmental things. Okay, so I give the example of replacing, you know, forests, native forests with tree farms and sometimes under the guise that, well yeah but Douglas fir grows more cubic feet of wood per acre or more, you know, biomass volume of wood per acre, blah blah blah. That's just baloney.

that's just messing with numbers, messing with people's heads to support something that's good for industry, not good for nature. But we're seeing that in all these like, even like with solar farms, right? I mean, are we, say as a nature conservancy person, and I look on their website and they have a picture of a gigantic solar farm, right? Like, so you put the solar farm, you are displacing cropland or natural land.

Daniel (01:14:28.748)

So bad.

Sam Thayer (01:14:34.432)

If you're displacing crop land that increases the value of the crops and some other natural land will be displaced somewhere to make up for that crop production. So whether you put it on crop land or natural ecosystems, by putting out solar farms, you're going to be destroying natural ecosystems. Now, we would need, I don't know what the total is. I hear different numbers. Is it 1%, 5%, somewhere in that range? Of the surface area of this country would have to be devoted to solar farms in order to meet our electric needs, right?

It's not happening without massive ecological destruction. And then invariably, herbicide is used, except in desert regions, herbicide is used between the panels to control the vegetation. And so, again, climate change is being used as an excuse to destroy nature. We need solutions to climate change, but they have to consider the actual ecology and nature as if it mattered. And if all the decisions are made by urban office pencil pushers,

and people that are not actively engaged and viscerally connected to nature through direct experience, through eating it, through sleeping in it, through touching it, then the decisions are going to be ill-conceived even if those people have the best intentions. And I do believe that some of those people have the best intentions. There is an infiltration of people with bad intentions and the people with bad intentions have an easy time

Daniel (01:15:52.005)

Mm-hmm.

Sam Thayer (01:16:02.156)

convincing people with good intentions to make dumb ecological decisions in name of climate change because their benchmark is the social world around them which contains a very limited amount of information whereas nature contains all the information about itself which is more than human beings can even conceive of.

Daniel (01:16:06.309)

Yeah.

Daniel (01:16:22.892)

And there's a lot in those last few sentences you just said there. I think people could take some time unpacking that.

Sam Thayer (01:16:25.762)

We need to keep going back to nature, keep touching it so we love it and keep observing it so we understand what's going on. that's just, environmental movement is not promoting that.

Daniel (01:16:32.58)

Yeah.

Daniel (01:16:36.4)

You know, to conclude, I wanna ask you, okay, it might take me a second to frame the question, so bear with me, and if it's too far out for you, just be like, hey man, that's outside my wheelhouse. But I've never asked you about this. Okay, good, all right. Your pump house. All right. When I look at all this, it.

Sam Thayer (01:16:49.166)

I don't have a wheelhouse, so it's OK.

Daniel (01:16:59.48)

It's like watching somebody descend into suicidal ideation. That's kind of what it looks like watching us culturally. But almost even worse because part of it looks like Lord of the Rings where it's like Sauron's trying to build himself a body. where it's literally an all-seeing eye that knows every thought you think, everything you buy, everywhere you go, it's tracking everything you do. It's got a...

GPS and gyroscope in it. It knows all your movements. It knows when it's in your pocket. It knows when it's out. It knows who all your friends are because it's geolocating itself. We've got these devices everywhere. There's this all-seeing eye. And we're building its brain. And we're building its body for some reason. And it's very anti-human. That's how it looks to me. Then it looks like we're suiciding ourselves at the genetic level and at the fertility level. mean, the sperm counts are tanked. Fertility is tanked.

People are developing a lot of new diseases that are caused by essentially our poor nutrition and our gluttony. We are catastrophically destroying our ecosystem, the whole womb that supports us.

When I look at a company like we're talking about glyphosate, so you kind of can't talk about glyphosate without sort of alluding to Monsanto and companies like that. These corporate bodies, right? They aren't a physical body, they're a corporate body. Now, if we went back 300 years and a bunch of people got together in a room, sat in a circle and tried to summon an entity, that would be like sorcery. But today it's called a board meeting and they summon this corporate, corporal, that means body, right? So they summon this non-

physical body that makes decisions that no human could make because they're so anti-human and they're so anti-ecological, right? So we have all of these corporate entities that all seem hell-bent on destroying the earth itself. We're destroying ourselves and then we're bringing in, it's like we're trying at least to bring in artificial beings, silica-based beings to replace ourselves. know, when you zoom out of it, it's like,

Daniel (01:19:13.838)

Wait, what the hell is going on here? My question is, is do you, when you look at this personally, is this a physical phenomena with emergent properties from all of the hive mind? Or is this a spiritual problem? Do you think this is a physical thing? Do you think this is a spiritual thing or a metaphysical thing? Or do you think it just, it's purely, is it purely just greed for individuals who want yachts and

sex parties or is it like, is there like a spiritual component? Like how do you reconcile that we're doing this to ourselves because squirrels don't do this and lions don't do this and you know birds don't do, like no animals doing this to itself except us and we're not just doing it to ourselves, we're doing it to all the species that are here and we're doing it in such a scorched earth way that it's almost like we want there to never be anything that can live again.

right, if we were to carry this out to its conclusion.

Sam Thayer (01:20:14.998)

So I feel like that's right in my wheelhouse, but it's also like, you know, it's like the elephant in the wheelhouse or I don't know what it's. I feel like I don't I don't separate the physical and the spiritual realms. So I think it's both. It's physical and spiritual. I also don't separate the corporate and the individual. When I say the corporate, I mean like this

Daniel (01:20:20.282)

good.

Sam Thayer (01:20:44.024)

this gigantic amalgamation of human wills, not in terms of a corporation. But sometimes, know, collective will takes on its own thing. And that makes sense. It takes on its own power, in the same way that our bodies are a collection of cells, each of which is rather powerless, but they...

together can do things that the individual cells could have never imagined doing if they weren't incorporated into this body, right? Mitochondria probably could have done a heck of a lot if it didn't get into our cells and all of a sudden, know, mitochondria, you know, that's kind of a cool thought, right? But a terrifying thought. And I don't know where it's gonna go and I don't want it to go where it seems like it might. And so, did people want...

Daniel (01:21:20.906)

Yeah, right.

Well said, yeah.

Sam Thayer (01:21:38.51)

Yachts and sex parties and people want that for sure. There's people that want that and some people You know their view is narrow enough that that's just where they're and then that's what they're pushing towards but I don't know what the total body is going to do, but I do I do feel like Human intelligence was a sort of idiosyncratic thing sort of like beavers managing their environment the way they do it was like

not really another animal that does that the way beavers do at least. And sort of like an elephant's trunk. mean, there's no other, I don't know, there's no other big animal with a fifth limb, you know? But our unique thing is this intellect. And it was really useful, but it gave us a burden. And that burden is the fear of our death. And so this is where, in my mind, the physical and the spiritual are connected.

so much of human psychology is spent assuaging our fear of death. And I want people to know that if you really connect with nature, maybe it's just me, but I don't think it's just me. I've talked to lot of people. That fear mostly disappears. Like hunter-gatherer people mostly were not afraid of death the way the modern people are because they spent their whole life alive and engaged in life. And people want to be connected to something that's

bigger than us that lasts forever. It predated us and it will outlast us and we are part of it. We are part of the big forever. And you know, if you look at Yuval Harari's book, Homo Deus, it's all about, and Sapiens, it's all about this idea that human beings are smart and now we're gonna build something bigger than us that will last forever and it will rule the universe with, know, humans and technology together will rule the universe and will become God. Humans will become God. That's what we want.

And that's what we want because we crave. That's like the craving for sugar that we keep eating the sugar and it keeps wrecking our bodies, right? But we keep eating it because it tastes so damn good. That is like what we are doing spiritually to nature, to the earth, because we're afraid of death. And we're afraid of death because we aren't connected to life. I think everybody should watch a deer's eyes as it dies for them to eat.

Sam Thayer (01:23:59.744)

and come to terms with that so they can understand that they will die just like that one day and it will be okay. It's okay that that deer died and it's okay that you will die. And when you dig up a plant, that plant dies, it's okay. It's like, death is life and life is death. You cannot have one without the other and if we try to have life without death, we will not have life. That's what this push towards AI is. It's to push us towards not having life.

Like, if we want to live forever, we won't have life at all. Life and death must be synonymous. They must exchange and interchange. It's yin and yang. And it is morally wrong because it's physically wrong. It's physically nonsensical, so therefore it's morally wrong for us to pursue infinite life. Like, I'm not supposed to live forever. I'm afraid of death. Of course I'm afraid of death. We're instinctively afraid of death. But...

I have a peace with death, I'm gonna die. And it's gonna be okay. I'm supposed to. mean, think about this. Human beings particularly, we are among the set of organisms that is born to die, right? So if you take certain plants, they actually do not have programmed to death. They simply live until a calamity kills them. It could be a disease, it could be a tree falls on them, it could be something digs them up. But a milkweed plant, a blueberry bush, a spring beauty plant.

Those things live forever until something kills them. They have no life span. They have no pre-programmed life span. So a spring beauty tuber could be 1,750 years old. It could conceivably be 35,000 years old. And I bet you somewhere in the Appalachians, in the southern Appalachians, there's a spring beauty plant that's more than 10,000 years old. They just keep living. But humans, we're not like that. We live like 70 to 100 years and then we die. We're supposed to. And anyone who tells you otherwise is selling you something.

We're supposed to die. We're not supposed to live forever. We're meat. We're flesh. We're also spirit, right? And we're supposed to die and if we can accept that then we can stop wrecking the world in a futile Infantile desire to live forever. We can grow up and mature Accept our death and say the world is good enough. I am good enough nature is good enough. I have enough stuff I'm gonna try to live well now not longer not more not better, but just well, you know

Daniel (01:25:58.542)

Yeah.

Sam Thayer (01:26:27.694)

That's how I see it. And maybe we won't get there. Maybe that message is not powerful enough to change anything. I don't know, I guess, but that's how I spent my life working towards for me and trying to share with people. And when I write books about foraging, it's to try to share with them this miracle of just, yes, living. Like foraging is living. Gathering food is living. Hunting and fishing and gathering, that's living. But also the psychological miracle of realizing that you're part of this

thing that is the most amazing thing ever conceived of. mean, nature is the most amazing thing and that's good enough for me. Like, I will die and my blood will soak into the soil and I will become plants that deer will eat and turkeys will eat and insects will eat and frogs will eat those insects. That's good enough for me. I don't need fairy tales. That's good enough for me because I got to experience it and I'll be...

I won't be experiencing it in this consciousness, but I will go on I will be that and that's okay So that's right. That's where I stand on that. I think it's it's all connected

Daniel (01:27:36.305)

It's so interesting how, man, first I just wanna say I really appreciate all that you just shared. I hope you write about that sometime. It's interesting because you're like, well then what do we do? And it's like chop wood, carry water. It's just like so simple. It's just like these things we're talking about, hunting, foraging, whatever your experience in nature. It's kind of like chop wood, carry water. Before enlightenment, chop wood, carry water. After enlightenment, chop wood, carry water. Because it's just like, okay, all that.

And then it's like, what do you do? Well, you just gotta wake up tomorrow and like feed yourself. Yeah.

Sam Thayer (01:28:09.292)

Yeah, chop wood, carry water, watch birds, make love, eat apples. mean, life is good enough.

Daniel (01:28:16.728)

Yeah. Wow, Sam. I really appreciate these insights, man. Thank you so much for your time. Thanks for kind of going into this unusual territory with me. think that what I'm most interested in, and it's like, I just feel like the pragmatic and the existential are like, they have to come together now because the situation's getting so dire. And I feel like...

Sam Thayer (01:28:26.818)

Thanks for pulling me there.

Sam Thayer (01:28:40.75)

Thank you.

Daniel (01:28:41.988)

I don't want to be like the village crier like, the sky's falling, but I kind of do want to be like that because I feel like the sky is falling in a sense. And it's not the natural sky that's falling. It's just that people are doing it. And we're all contributing and we're all caught up in it. And I feel like I just got to say something. So anyway, I feel like a lot of this stuff's burning in our hearts and we're not always talking about it together. And I think it's important that we have these conversations. So yeah, thanks for going there with me today.

Sam Thayer (01:29:08.654)

Hey, no problem. And you know, when I teach foraging, I don't always say these words. Sometimes it comes out, you But by bringing people out in nature and giving them that physical connection to the land and to nature, it doesn't need to be words. Even if people never formulate words, anything like what I said, that happens inside them. The gratitude, the peace, that's the two things. It's acceptance and the peace that comes with acceptance and the gratitude for life. The acceptance of life.

and the peace and gratitude of life. And you get that through visceral physical experience of nature and no other way.

Daniel (01:29:49.909)

It feels almost sacrilegious to do it, but I wanna make sure people know about what you do, because you're not, I guess you're on TikTok now actually, aren't you? But I don't think of you as like a social media guy. Okay, cool. So yeah, you're, you know, a lot of times I feel like I get down to podcasts and people go, oh Daniel, where can people find you? And I think like, oh, this is this weird formality we do because everybody knows they can just.

Sam Thayer (01:30:00.212)

Yeah, well, I've done maybe three. I've done maybe three videos in the last year, so.

Daniel (01:30:15.512)

search for you and find you, you're a little bit more, like if people wanna get into your workshops, it's a little bit like, this is real in-person stuff, And you sell your books, not through a publisher, but you self-publish and sell your books on your own website and everything. So I just wanna give you the space to talk about that, because your books are really incredible. Your series, the Forger's Harvest series, but also the Field Guide that you did, which is what a magnum opus, man, I love that book.

and your in-person stuff is just incredible. like, you know, how do people get in that funnel to work with you?

Sam Thayer (01:30:50.424)

Sure, so my books, I still feel like it's a great way to reach people. And the books are easy to access. mean, any online book seller.

Daniel (01:30:55.492)

Yeah, those books are important to have. Those are important to have. if somebody's building their like seed vault, whatever, even if you're not gonna read them right now, you're just like, need to have the, like you want these books in your, all four of those books should be in everybody's library in my opinion. Sorry, go ahead.

Sam Thayer (01:31:15.36)

And no, that's fine, that's fine. The praise makes me feel good, you know. I won't lie. So I started my own publishing company, which was the best financial decision I ever made, although it stressed my life out a little bit. the books are pretty easy to access, whatever books to sell you find convenient. I don't sell them individually on my website anymore. You can also go to my website, foragersharvest.com and I will have my workshops.

Daniel (01:31:18.704)

It's warranted.

Daniel (01:31:37.581)

Okay.

Sam Thayer (01:31:44.244)

and speaking appearances for the year posted on there. I'll be doing a few more this year because I built the classroom kitchen building on my property. It's being built as we speak. So that'll be in service next spring for the first time. It'll make it a lot more convenient to have classes here. But I do a limited number of in-person classes, but I love to meet other foragers and to show people directly, physically, nature.

Daniel (01:31:54.603)

yeah? cool.

Sam Thayer (01:32:13.036)

You know, I do occasional videos. I keep thinking I'm going to do some YouTube videos, but I just... There's a lot of alone time in my world. I don't have someone to film me. And so it gets hard. And I want to be doing this stuff so that I have something to write about.

Daniel (01:32:21.732)

Mm-hmm. Right.

Daniel (01:32:29.572)

Yeah, well, you're one of these people who've had tremendous impact with sort of minimal input into those systems. I'm amazed by it because it's very difficult now if you're not on Instagram, YouTube, whatever, pick your thing. But you've had an incredible impact. I think sort of like when you started and then like as your expertise built, those systems weren't as relevant for you. But man, it's incredible because...

because everybody out there in the space knows your work. mean, when somebody writes, it doesn't matter if somebody writes me from China or Argentina and they're like, how do I start foraging? I recommend your books because I feel like even if, I think if you live almost anywhere in the United States, there's plants in your books that are where people are. So that's really helpful. But essentially what you teach is important.

whether it's that suite of plants or not. find that really, that techniques and the ideas and the essays that are in those books, they're useful to everybody who wants to get into the space. So I think that's really powerful. But one thing I like about being with you in person, you share on many levels. You share educationally, you share in presence, you share in song, you share in fun, and those are things that you don't get from videos and everything.

I really want to encourage people to go to one of your in-person workshops because I think if you're in this space, we have a tremendous opportunity and resource in Sam here and, you know, avail yourself of that while you can. So just got to put that out there. I don't say that about everybody, Sam. I really, really appreciate what you do. And I think being with you in person is really an important part of that. So I hope you do more videos and all of that. But yeah, if people can go work with you, man, I think that's a really big opportunity.

Sam Thayer (01:34:15.208)

Well thank you. I'm honored and I'm honored that anyone and for everybody that feels like it's worth spending time with me and I'm glad my books have worked for you and other people because that's the only reason I wrote them.

Daniel (01:34:16.271)

Mm-hmm.

Daniel (01:34:30.081)

Yeah, no, they really do. yeah, so if you're looking to get into the forging space, particularly get Sam's books, but cool. Any final thoughts you have? Anything you want to share before we go?

Sam Thayer (01:34:41.036)

Yeah, well in the absence of access to me, just go out in nature. Like, go out, go out. And thank you all the listeners, viewers. Thank you, Daniel, so much for what you do and for bringing me on.

Daniel (01:34:44.826)

Mm-hmm.

Yeah. Right on.

Daniel (01:34:54.64)

Thank you, Sam.

Daniel (01:35:00.145)

Okay, ending that session, but uploading you.

Daniel (00:01.317)

Hey, I'm here with Sam Thayer. Sam, thank you so much for being on the show today. I appreciate it.

Sam Thayer (00:06.734)

Thanks for having me on, it's always fun to talk to you and it's an honor to be in front of your listeners.

Daniel (00:11.639)

man, it's an honor to have you on the show and I really sincerely mean that. mean, you know, we've known each other for several years now and I've just, I couldn't say enough good things about you. I think if anybody's in the wild food space, they definitely know your name. When it comes to foraging for wild foods, particularly when we're looking at plants.

You've really kind of risen to the top as the country's leading voice and leading expert and you do it in a way that's pretty demure. You're not out there doing the cult of personality thing, which is really rare today. Most of us are out there trying to push our name forward and wave our banner and you kind of have this really gentle, muted way of putting yourself out there. And yet I think most people in the space really see you as the leading voice and leading expert, at least in this snapshot of history.

You know, when it comes to wild plants, you're the guy and it's a pretty amazing thing to get to be around you when you're doing your work. But that said, I wanted to have you on the show today to kind of like stretch out from that space a little bit, because I wanted to get some perspectives from you on some other things. So we were together just recently at the Kripalu Center in Western Massachusetts. I was giving some lectures and then, you know, I kind of did want to check in and see how your workshops went while you were there.

Cause I knew you were doing some plant walks and stuff like that.

Sam Thayer (01:35.006)

I thought it was great. I mean, I love the people that came to my workshops and for me that's why I keep doing them. People ask great questions which forced me to think and forced me to learn and then put me on new ground and I always am learning new plants and learning new ecology. Like for example, I was astounded by the fact that the area we were, the entire forest understory for acres and acres was dominated by goutweed.

you know, being settled by white people for a couple hundred years less here in Wisconsin, we just don't see that. We don't see gutweed dominating forest ecosystems like that. And also I got to meet a few new plants, native and non-native. So that was fun. Well, there was a fool's parsley, Aethusis sinapium, which looks a fair amount like...

Daniel (02:18.678)

yeah, like what?

Sam Thayer (02:27.704)

Poison hemlock, and I don't actually know how toxic it is. It's kind of debated as far as its toxicity, but it looks like other carrot family plants that are edible. And at first glance, I thought it was the cow parsley, which also gets called wild chervil, another non-native that's edible. And so it was just cool to see that plant in person, which I read about for like 30 years to finally actually encounter it. And it was all over the campus there.

Daniel (02:54.553)

Yeah. Yeah, I'm curious when you're teaching classes and students are coming in, you've got people who are obviously very established already as foragers, but then I imagine you're getting new people who don't have the same background exposure. Because I think, you also are sort of, correct me if I'm wrong, but I think it's fair to say you're sort of in the primitive skills community to a degree as well. And so I'm assuming you draw somewhat from that world. You've been to a lot of those kind of

know, events and such, is that fair to say?

Sam Thayer (03:26.134)

Yeah, I I started out teaching about wild edibles mostly at primitive skills events. And I mean, and I've done like archery and high tanning and stuff like that my whole life. And I'm still into that, you know, fire by friction, all that kind of stuff. I'm not a good flint knapper. I'm a decent stone mason, know, but not a flint knapper, not good. so, you know, there's a huge array of people that come and I want to be prepared for the whole gamut from

Daniel (03:42.453)

Yeah.

Okay.

Sam Thayer (03:55.68)

experienced foragers who are just trying to get this like little

additional info around the margins and maybe learn a couple new plants to people that are totally new to foraging and they're not even comfortable eating a wild plant until I give them something that tastes good. And I like to have a small enough group that I can recognize like where people fall in that and I can cater to that. Like if there's, there was like 26 people in my group which was about at the upper limit of where I can do that. I did have like four hours so that I, or six hours, yeah. So I really could get to know people a little bit better and meet them where they're at.

Daniel (04:07.374)

Mm-hmm.

Sam Thayer (04:30.14)

But, you know, it works out with these totally different levels of experience and the more experienced people really help the new people feel more comfortable. So I actually like having, I don't like a beginner's class at all. I want it to be people of all levels when I'm teaching workshop.

Daniel (04:47.504)

Do you think historically, like today our modern education system breaks people out by beginner, intermediate, advanced, and then also when we're young, according to age group, how important do you think it is to have a mixed class where you have people at advanced levels and people at beginner's levels and people of different ages? Do you think that's really important in the learning process?

Sam Thayer (05:09.705)

Well,

I do. mean, the modern education system, we're trying to do something that used to happen on a personal, in the household level between a small number of people. Like, grandma taught you a few plants and how to cook them, slowly but carefully. And, you know, you would learn this skill from your dad and this skill from your mom. And we're trying to, like, kind of industrialize that in public school settings. And so I think people are doing the best that they can. But there's a huge advantage to learning something

Daniel (05:17.744)

Hmm.

Sam Thayer (05:40.644)

kind of scatterbrain all over the map, right? So that's like how we learn language best. Like it's great to be exposed to a whole bunch of a new language you're learning that you don't understand. To see the language in action, be surrounded by some native speakers, but then have someone sit down and say here are the basics. Here's these words. Here's some rules of grammar that you don't understand at all because you don't think this way because you don't speak this language. And so have that slow down, explain the basics.

then push into you know like now you're in the thick of it now you come back and slow down. Okay now you do this intermediate speed and I think people learn best that way. I might take people out and show them 35 plants in a one-hour walk sometimes and I know they aren't gonna remember that. Of course they can't learn 35 new plants in an hour but maybe two years later

when they set down to learn one of those particular plants, the slow way, the right way, either with a friend or with a book or a book and a friend, they're going to have this on inkling in the...

depths of their mind that like, wait, I saw this before. yeah, I remember that one time. I tasted that. I thought it was good, but I don't even know it. And so they may have an impetus to concentrate and they may have just like a little inkling of information in the back of their mind that's helping them connect that deeper additional time when they're learning it better. So I think that kind of all over the map learning, I do think it's important. It's better.

Daniel (06:52.612)

Hmm.

Daniel (07:11.79)

Yeah, I've never taken the time to really break down what my adult learning process is. I know I have a strategy. I've never actually thought about like, are the components of it enough to be able to say like, here's my adult learning strategy. But one of the things that I like to do is I'll kind of get whatever the idiot's guide is to the very basics. And at the same time, I'll listen to let's say a podcast with two experts on the topic.

talking at a very high level that I maybe don't even understand, but I want to hear how they're talking about the topic. And then I also want to like learn those real basic fundamentals, you know, those like individual components that you needed to. And somehow the two of those things like merge together to give me like a greater cloud of knowledge than if I just did one or just did the other. So I think that might be a little bit of kind of what you're talking about.

Sam Thayer (08:02.562)

Yeah, well it's just like how people learn hunting, right? So like, if you grew up in a hunting household, you sit around, you hear the hunting stories year after year, the same stories or new stories, and through that you learn what to do, what not to do. You learn about, take dear behavior. But before I take my kids hunting, I always say to them, I'm like, hey, remember this, be quiet, be alert, be still, be aware, be ready, and be safe.

Daniel (08:09.072)

Hmm.

Daniel (08:23.12)

Yeah.

Daniel (08:30.596)

you

Sam Thayer (08:30.926)

The simple stuff, because so often when we mess up in life it's because we forgot the simple stuff. So all those levels, I think, all the time is a good, healthy way to learn. But I'm not knocking it. Classroom learning is great too, because if you're going to industrialize and teach 32 people at a time, you've got to do it some way.

Daniel (08:52.4)

Yeah. I, so the other day we were sitting down talking and you were sharing about some insights that you had had. And I want to share that. I want you to share that insight because I think it's just, but I want to use it as a learning tool. So you were talking about seeing bird migration in inverse light to how we often are taught it. And I thought that was a cool insight.

but it also was making me think about contemplation on topics. Because when you look at where a lot of like very powerful information that's changed culture has come from, know, things that have had major impacts, they often come from like emergent insight, like sudden bursts of ideation about something. But to have that, I think you need to have contemplation on something. And so I was wondering if you could talk a little bit about

what you were telling me about your insight about bird migration, but then maybe if you could kind of tell me how you arrived there, because I think sometimes people are afraid to or unconditioned, deconditioned to real contemplation that leads to fresh insights. And like we're at a time where boy, fresh insights for people could be really useful.

Sam Thayer (10:14.808)

Well, so one of my things that I have thought for a long time that I often say is that human beings have a cognitive dysfunction in how we think, which is that when we encounter a piece of information or an idea, the first thing we do is not think to ourselves, hmm, how does this idea match with what I observe in the world? That's not how we first think about it. The first thing we think is,

said this, who else believes it, and what do I think of the people who think this? Right? So we think first socially and it's really hard to push people outside of social thinking about subject matters into actually a thinking that involves like facts and data and observations that inform

what we think first and I feel like when we have insights they come from most often outside the people world because people say the same things over and over and over again mostly right so like for example this is maybe seem like off the wall but

I have this my whole life. I've heard the song Pop Goes the Weasel, Round and Round the Mulberry Bush, the Monkey Chased the Weasel, blah, blah. And Pop Goes the Weasel. Well, I used to have weasels that lived in my cabin and under my cabin when I had this little log cabin in the woods. And I had a lot of interactions with weasels. I mean, tons. And I discovered that when weasels are alarmed, especially if like you say you catch a weasel, like you corner one and say it's in a cupboard and you want it outside and so you grab it with gloves, they make a very loud, sharp sound.

Daniel (11:51.46)

Yeah.

Sam Thayer (11:55.08)

It's kind of like I would say in between a chipmunk and a 22. It's kind of like this You know, it'll scare the crap out of you. It's like a rabbit screaming like you'll drop it You'll jump back, you know, and it gives them that chance to get away And that's obviously the pop and pop goes the weasel and I think what I'm like I'm a lot like a monkey right monkey chase the weasel I mean pop goes the weasel I get it like I've been there. I've probably caught

Daniel (12:14.384)

I've been there.

Sam Thayer (12:18.102)

I don't know, at least three weasels with my hands before, you know? And I hate to admit, I've killed a few weasels with my bare hands, because when they're in the house, sometimes when they're peeing on the dishes or something, you gotta deal with that. And yet, so I typed in Google AI the other day.

do real weasels pop? And the answer is no, real weasels do not pop. And then it gives me all this information about weasels not popping and how all the hypotheses for where that nursery rhyme comes from. And it leads me to some YouTube videos that are full of crap, you know, and they're telling me that it has to do with this spinning yarn spinning tool called a weasel. And you know what? You know, that tool may pop, but.

Pop Goes the Weasel in that song clearly refers to a behavior of weasel that exactly fits what's being described in the song, right? And I got that information not from a book, because I've never seen it in a book, not from online, not from a video, not from somebody else. I know I got it from a weasel. I got it from interacting directly with weasels. so, and I feel like people need to, people need to step outside the human world to come to those intuitions.

And we don't do that enough. Now that we're ever connected, it's like, I try to tell my kids, put the phone down and just like observe the real world. It's slower. But what information it gives you is infallible. It's never trying to trick you. It's never selling you something. Never. It's never trying to get you to vote for anybody. It's nature. Look at it and it will tell you things. And it's hard to get the information out. But when you get it, it's real. It's there. And it's...

Daniel (13:39.098)

See?

Sam Thayer (13:54.656)

It's unequivocal. You might interpret it wrong, but that's your fault. That's not because there's some trickery going on. So I feel like that's where at least my more meaningful intuitions come from. So to get back to your bird migration thing, I mean, I've been an avid birder my whole life. And, you know, like most birders, I love my warblers in the spring. And I always thought of like the warblers as and other insect eating birds as traveling south to the tropical forest.

for the winter because our winters were just too cold for them. And I realized through a sort of convoluted set of thoughts one day, like, wait a second, that's totally the opposite. These are itinerant birds. They spend almost their entire life moving and they do go to the tropical forests for a little bit. But mostly they're moving and their entire life revolves around

coming to the northern part of North America to take advantage of our spring and early summer. So at our latitudes, because we're pretty close, that's from like May 15th to July 15th. There are so many insects during that period of time that they, like there is nowhere else in the world with that concentration of insects in space and time. So those birds can survive anywhere.

for a while and they can survive. But there's not the surplus that they need to reproduce. They come up here for that spring and early summer surplus. They are not leaving here to flee our winter. They don't have to be here at all. They are coming here to take advantage of this incredible resource that we take for granted because we're swatting mosquitoes and black flies and we're like, wait a second, that's why these birds are coming here. And...

Daniel (15:45.418)

Right, right.

Sam Thayer (15:49.09)

Part of what led me to that was the experience I had with you of trying to take you out to catch bullfrogs on August, I think it was 10th or 9th, and I've always known that bullfrogs go into hibernation in August, and I usually catch bullfrogs in May and June, and I wasn't paying real acute attention to when the adult bullfrogs in northern Wisconsin go into hibernation until about then. We couldn't find a single adult bullfrog. And so in the two years since then, it's been right about August 5th.

and it's not related to weather. We always want to relate things to weather. The bullfrogs are like, it's really cold, I better go hibernate. No, there's no more insects. Virtually all the aquatic, no, not in that specific instance, But virtually all of the large aquatic insect hatches are done by early August and the bullfrogs are like, this isn't worth it. The risk reward ratio, and because they're cold blooded,

Daniel (16:28.494)

So it's also not photo period.

Daniel (16:33.349)

Hmm.

Sam Thayer (16:46.35)

they can hibernate really easily. They can fatten up and they're not in danger of starving like say a wood chuck which has to produce its own heat and it's harder for the endotherms to slow down their metabolism and hibernate. But even for things like black bears, mean they hibernate in the Okefenokee Swamp in Georgia about the same amount of time, maybe just like two months less or a month and a half less than they do in northern Wisconsin. I mean they're out here now eating deer carcasses even though it's 15 degrees this morning.

It's going to be high of 22 and they're eating deer carcasses and acorns. They're not going to hibernate until the food runs out. It's not about the temperature, it's about the food. So that's part of the process that brought me to that conclusion. And also I was thinking about the difference between tropical and temperate soils, which growing up in the North, you're taught to think of the tropics as like a paradise. And the growing season is longer, but the growing season is much less lush and less productive.

And that's something that if you go to tropical countries people see and have trouble processing that but you can also just watch. Now there's videos of everything. Like just watch a video on gardening in Togo, you know, and look at how poor the soil is and you know look at how vegetation grows. It's slow and it is, you know, not very lush and that kind of reverberates through everything about tropical economics and tropical ecology. Plants...

have trouble getting resources and they hold them very carefully and they produce a lot of toxins in their tissues and that's why there are fewer insects. There's high biomass but that biomass is not as edible to insects and so there's not as much food for birds and so they're like, hey dude, this is the time we can go up north and we can get lots of books and have babies. So there's the process.

Daniel (18:32.24)

Yeah.

Daniel (18:36.112)

I love that. guess there's a couple things I want to draw out of that. Let me first say I went very naively to the tropics a couple times when I was young. So right around when I was 20 thinking I wanted to escape modernity. I wanted to go live off the grid and just eat fruits and live naturally and do yoga in the sun or whatever. And I remember going to, so I tried it in Florida, South Florida, tried it in Maui. And I remember just being like, oh, it doesn't work like that down here.

Like you said, the soil is really poor. And while you can grow horticulturally amazing tropical fruits, the foraging can be pretty poor. You know, I foraged in the Amazon, I foraged in Hawaii, I've foraged in New Zealand, I've foraged in Florida. The foraging is better up here for the most part, or at least the diversity and the abundance of edible foods during our growing season do seem a lot better up here. that's just an interesting, you know, thing that I learned from like

naivety and actually trying it. But I also want to say how so that was a fail for me and I learned from that and I just think it's interesting that the bullfrog fail that we had led to those insights. And I'll tie that into this. When we were talking the other day, so I'm a I'm an apocalyptic alarmist, you're kind of the opposite. And okay, but you have a great temper to it. I appreciate that.

Sam Thayer (19:56.513)

I'm with you more than you might know.

Sam Thayer (20:01.774)

tried to.

Daniel (20:01.892)

So we were lot of conversation happening right now, of course, about AI that's in the zeitgeist, right? We're all watching it like sort of filter into our world. My feeling is I think it's moving faster than mobile phones. And I think if when I go back to my first mobile phone, I had no idea what was coming. I couldn't imagine what that technology was about to turn into, but it took 20 years or something for it to mature to where it is today. But I'm watching AI mature more quickly and

I'm worried that the cognitive impacts are gonna be far more extreme than they've been with phones. So I'm really worried about what's gonna happen with people. And one of the first things that I'm seeing, you know, I was really disturbed to read this statistic recently that only 1 % of Google users click through to any links now because they get the AI insights. There's no reason to go to any websites. Now that's got a couple of, a couple problems emerge from that. One is,

who's gonna create content for websites because if you're not getting any traffic to your website, then you are disincentivized financially to put content on your website. So that means that we might be reaching like sort of the functional end of new content being put onto websites, which is kind of a bummer. But second to that, well actually not, more important to that is that I'm watching how people get information changed really, really fast.

And so my concern is that people are not going to contemplate, observe and contemplate because it's faster to just go get the information, even when the information's wrong, because you and I both witnessed over our life, people have no problem holding onto wrong information. In fact, I mean, in a lot of cases that they almost seem to prefer it. So I was curious to hear from you because the perspective that I was hearing from you around the dinner table that night was,

like, guys, think this AI, we're in a hype cycle right now. Like, okay, it sounds like it's gonna have all these massive ramifications, but I think it's probably gonna reach a crescendo and level out. So that was sort of what you were saying. I would love for you to expand on that, share your perspective on it and how you think and feel it's going to affect human cognition. Because I'm looking for positives and I see some, but way more outweighed by negatives right now.

Sam Thayer (22:25.996)

Well, I don't want to seem like I'm much of a prognosticator about technology, right? So, I mean, who am I to say? I mean, I didn't get a cell phone six years ago.

Daniel (22:32.964)

Well, can I give a little perspective on who you are to say? mean, first of all, you have a deeper ecological knowledge and connection than 99.9 % of modern people living in the modern life way. So that's one reason. You pump your own water at your house by hand. I mean, you're living with a foot in both worlds and most people are all in to modernity. So I think you have a perspective

you you gather a significant amount of your calories out of wild places from species that you have relationships with. I mean, that alone puts you in a pretty unique position to comment on it because you're less touched by it. So I think a lot of us, you know, it's like if somebody's in abusive relationship and you're like, tell me about your husband, you know, versus like you're watching it from the outside, watching that person get beat up and be like, let me tell you about your husband. You know, like you you're less of

You have less Stockholm syndrome to our culture. So I think that your perspectives matter and are really important.

Sam Thayer (23:37.998)

Okay, well I agree with you there but I still am nervous about prognosticating about the future. it seems like the history of technology is when a technology first comes out there's a prediction that it's going to have this, there will be like a rapid increase in its utility and in its functionality and there's a prediction that that's going to just perpetually increase at that rate but eventually

Daniel (23:45.178)

We all should be.

Sam Thayer (24:07.886)

there's a leveling off, but at the same time that technology goes somewhere that we didn't imagine it was going to go.

Sam Thayer (24:22.912)

I feel like, I guess one is maybe it's just rosy thinking, but really rapidly. Well, say for example, electrification of homes and lighting, right? When that came out, it just really rapidly spread, like in one human lifetime from like virtually nobody having it to virtually everybody having it. And, but.

it didn't change a lot then in the next human lifetime. And I know that lighting is a simple technology, right? But when you look at firearms, right? So there's been a few major improvements in firearms since they were invented. And then there's been a leveling off and there hasn't been really huge increases in the functionality of firearms for now for a human lifetime, right? And so those are much simpler technologies and it's maybe easier to predict, but...

It seems like something like that happened both with cell phone use and with AI use, but I don't know where the end point is, and I don't know what the unexpected permutation is going to be. I was talking with my kids about this, how today people can't imagine living without a cell phone. And I remember when I was my son's age, when I was 14 and I was first exposed to the idea of cell phones, and I first saw people with cell phones and they were like these giant things, and I'm like.

Who needs that? Who wants a stupid phone you have to carry all the time? I don't want people to be able to call me all the time. I don't want my mom to be able to call me when I'm fishing. You know, like I don't need to talk to my friends when I'm out in the woods. If they're with me, that's cool, but I don't want to talk to them otherwise, you know? And like now it's an absolute necessity. So an absurdity became a necessity. So what absurdity today will be a necessity in 25 or 30 years? I don't know. I was trying to be optimistic, but I'm terrified.

Daniel (25:53.782)

Right. Right. Right.

Daniel (26:16.272)

Okay, all right, all right good we're on the same page.

Sam Thayer (26:16.77)

in the same way that you are. Yeah, we're on the same page. I'm terrified. was just, I felt like, I don't know, I felt like you were so worried about it that I wanted to like, I wanted to throw a wrench into the machinations of your worry, right? I was like, hey, there could be light at the end of tunnel. I mean, I don't know. Maybe it's just a train coming, but there could be light at the end of that tunnel, you know? And so I'm really not disagreeing with you in any fundamental way about that.

Daniel (26:38.37)

Yeah. Yeah.

Sam Thayer (26:46.658)

kind of tempering it, because maybe I need to do that for myself too.

Daniel (26:47.578)

Yeah, balancing it out, I appreciate that. I often will do the same. I guess, you know, when we started off talking today, I was asking you about who comes in as new students. And I'm wondering, so I felt for a long time that the work that we do with Wild Foods matters more than a lot of other hobbies. You know, there's lots of things people can do for hobbies that are really fun and really cool. You could be a kite surfing or

paragliding or you know any roller skating or like there's all kinds of hobbies a person can have but this one is the one that people needed to survive since there was people and so it has a unique place it's not just like a hobby like forging is my hobby it's like much deeper than that and it gives people the ability I mean

pray we never need it, but it gives us the ability to restart and reset after calamity if you have this knowledge. And it can disaster proof you against famine or collapse of crops or, or any number of things that could happen. It just gives you that firm foundation. It connects you to ecology. I think there's like a fundamental deep loneliness that human beings are going through because they don't know any other species. And so it's like,

Humans, cats, and dogs, a pretty lonely world to live in when there's as many species as there are to know. I'm sure you've seen some of that research that was done that showed that the average elementary school kid knew more animals from Africa's savanna than they did from their own environment. So you have all that kind of going on. And now with what's happening with AI, you see people kind of moving more and more into the digital space and almost like abandoning the natural world. So they're spending all their time in the built environment.

and now more and more in the digital environment. And so I'm wondering if there's gonna be sort of like a natural exodus of people who are like divergent in their thinking that are like, wait, no, I need to like go back in the other direction. So I'm wondering if you're seeing any of that. I'm wondering if...

Daniel (28:59.96)

If you think that it's possible where people are getting too far out on a limb and any of these skills could be necessary, or do you think that for generations to come, this remains like a hobby of ours? You know what I mean? Because it could just be like it just remains a hobby. We just keep passing it on to the next generation, or it could be like, wow, man, mean, you you can't buy or sell unless you have a chip in your brain. So good to know how to get some eats. You know what I mean?

Sam Thayer (29:27.854)

I think it should be both things and I think it will be both things. I think it will be part of the resistance to control of us. You know, it's like the book Brave New World. I know if you read that, you know. know, people, I do think in times and places people will simply separate themselves from the greater society in order to have some autonomy and freedom and to do that they will have to have certain skills. It also, however, I mean,

Daniel (29:39.738)

yeah, yeah.

Sam Thayer (29:57.678)

We, as in the government, the corporate media, I say the clergy of GDP, the people that worship GDP as if that's a measurement of vitality and life and happiness and that's all that's good. GDP has replaced the church from Western European civilization in the Middle Ages. The church was the everything that society was like built for and moved.

Daniel (30:07.962)

Mm-hmm.

Sam Thayer (30:25.442)

towards and in unison with and under the tutelage and control of, that was the church, right? The quasi-religious state. And today it's GDP. GDP is this like, God we worship. And...

Daniel (30:40.688)

For people listening, to say it, you're talking about gross domestic product, talking about our economy.

Sam Thayer (30:43.022)

Gross domestic product, like it's the sacred number that if a politician was to doubt the sacred number, they would never have a political career after that. Just like you would have been excommunicated and perhaps, you know, assassinated in the middle ages if you doubted the church's validity, right? And so, on this tangent, I'm losing my train of a little bit, but the people, the,

Daniel (31:07.408)

I'm pushing you into a new territory here with this conversation.

Sam Thayer (31:13.364)

Like, so the people that control our thoughts and everything, they don't control us just by giving us things that we need. They now control us by giving us things that we become addicted to. And maybe it's been that way for a long time. There's people that hypothesize that a big part of the origin of agriculture itself was beer. But the...

What they're doing is they're giving people addictive substances. I mean, if you go into a gas station, it's like, you're surrounded by addictive substances. know, sugar, caffeine, nicotine. I mean, it's just, you alcohol. And then people are carrying around these addictive objects, these phones, that have addictive information because it's...

cognitively, psychologically addictive and you can watch that especially in children. You can just watch them with the addiction and you see children and adults too but it's really obvious in children because they've learned a little bit less restraint. They go through withdrawal symptoms if they are taken away from that addictive object, addictive information and I didn't really suspect

powerful like that's maybe a new insight for me like in the last eight or ten years and I'm struggling with how people will get past that addiction but just like your addiction to sugar is I think best cured by a healthy diet it's not that easy right but if you can cut yourself off of sugar and eat healthy food I think the psychological addiction that we get and the substance addictions together compounded as like kind of like a

They call the military industrial complex. It's like the physical, psychological, addictive complex that we are fed to keep us in line. We can break from that through foraging. And that's why I think that by being in touch with nature, we can help ourselves think on our own, but also eat on our own and understand what healthy thought feels like and what healthy food feels like.

Daniel (33:21.146)

Yeah.

Sam Thayer (33:23.968)

and what a healthy lifestyle feels like. So I think that besides being this fallback skill in case times get really bad, and if we look at human history, times periodically get really bad, and those skills really matter, and of course it's going to happen again, and it's happening multiple places in the world right now. But also I think it's a hobby that we should curate as our birthright.

and pass down and teach to our children and participate in that and not in the sense of kids you need to do this because it's good for you and they're like kids let's do this it's awesome it's great you know and it has its own addictive element it's know forging is the original video game you know like the original video game you know all these things you know fishing has that same reward you know endorphin rush and all that the anticipation

Daniel (34:10.96)

Yeah.

Sam Thayer (34:22.894)

And you know, I don't know how important it has to be to provide that function in our psychological and physical lives, but I think it needs to be part of our lives. I think we need to think of it not as a fringe thing. I think we need to think of it as like tooth brushing. Right? It's like a thing, I mean, know some people that don't believe in brushing teeth, but like in general, okay, like hygiene, right? Like if you're ignoring your hygiene, you know, that's a problem.

I feel like if foraging or some meaningful connection to nature isn't part of your life, you're missing some psychological hygiene. And I don't think it's replaceable with any other activity. Like I think bird watching is great and it's very not tangentially related to foraging, right? The desire to watch birds. It's like, you know, if I was a cat and there was a window and there's birds outside, I'm gonna watch those birds, right? I mean, humans, we watch wildlife because it's part of what we are, you know?

And the curiosity is general whether we're eat the thing or not. We're curious about life and how life unfolds So I think that that foraging is part of our psychological birthright and I I do think it's hard without connecting nature in this like fundamental ways for us to be psychologically healthy and To be able to think well and we see this in

are when people get their information from screens or from each other or from newspapers or books or televisions, whatever it is, instead of directly from nature, then we are prone to being manipulated because somebody is controlling that information that's given to you and they have a motive. Nature provides a constant stream of information with no motive. It's just there.

for you to pull from it what it can teach you and then you can in the clarity of the absence of noise, nature is not noise, it's information, right? In the absence of that noise, you can analyze the information and come up with insights that are valuable to you. mean, you know, that's why Jesus would go up and pray for 40 days and 40 nights, right? Like,

Sam Thayer (36:47.916)

like whatever you want to call it. mean, that's communing with the divine. But it doesn't have to be 40 days and 40 nights. It could be 15 minutes in the morning before breakfast or whatever it is. mean, you know.

Daniel (36:56.944)

Yeah.

Daniel (37:01.24)

It's interesting, know, just because you just said that I'll bring up the metaphor. Something that's fascinated me from very early on is how what the symbol on the back of the phone is for most of us, you know, because it's it's the apple with the bite taken out of it, right? So that's the knowledge of good and evil, right? That's the forbidden fruit, obviously with the bite. If it was just an apple, you'd be like, well, it's just an apple, but it's got the bite taken out. And that was sort of like the idea that what corrupted mankind

was instead of that communion with the divine, it was going after this false teaching, right? So that's like the sort of biblical metaphor. And here we are now where we're all addicted to this device that gives us this information, but it's like often very corrupted information. It's not that observational information or those insights that come direct, you know? And what's challenging about it, so something I've been doing lately is I keep my phone on black and white because I notice that all those bright light colors,

When I was a kid, remember, do you remember the toy Light Bright? Yeah, and you could like turn off the lights, right? So if you're a Gen Z kid or something, a millennial, you don't remember this toy. I it was basically a light box with all these little perforations in it, and you'd stick a black piece of paper over it that would cover the light. And then you had these little translucent little posts, little pokey posts. Yeah, and you'd stick them in and there would be a pre-

Sam Thayer (38:02.936)

Yeah, yeah.

Sam Thayer (38:23.318)

Yeah, I totally forgot about this, but yeah.

Daniel (38:27.534)

designed pattern on there and you'd put them in and the light would come through those translucencies and it would light up and glow. Well, before the digital age, that kind of color was like looking at fireworks or something or the Aurora. It just was very enticing. But now we have that in our. Yeah, right by the exactly I got to erase this thing. That's still a pretty cool toy, actually. Anyway, my point is now we have that in our pocket and those bright lights.

Sam Thayer (38:42.498)

That was on the shelf right by the Etch-A-Sketch.

Daniel (38:55.054)

It's like when you walk into the convenience store full of all the addictive things you were talking about and they're all brightly colored, little juicy, sweet, sugary, but it's like all this like hyper stimulating color. You know, when you're looking at your phone and then you look up at the natural world, it's like the natural world can look a little dull at first till you reacclimate to it. And that's what I see so hard for kids is like, it takes a little while to where you start to see nature as bright and exciting.

when you're used to all of those bright colors, you know? So I'm kind of curious your thoughts on that. You were talking about the 40 days in the wilderness or the 15 minutes of gathering insight. Any thoughts on how to, or maybe on how you manage that or how your kids are managing that? Making that break from, because obviously you're having to interact with these technologies, you're doing it right now with me. So have you found challenges in breaking away from it to,

Re-acclimating to the natural world. Like how are you managing that?

Sam Thayer (39:56.386)

It's hard, but.

One thing I would say is, is nature's, the signals can be subdued and they can be diffused, right? But those bright colors in nature, they are information, important information, like a bright red fruit. It's there, it's bright to attract your attention to it. This might be food. A bright red caterpillar, a bright yellow caterpillar, or a coral snake. These are signals that nature is giving that there's something you need to pay attention to here. But.

Now, if you can give kids a turtle, right? Like, you have a screen, right? Like, you give them a real turtle, all of a sudden, they forget about that screen for a while, right? Because the screen is not nearly as exciting as the turtle, right? The turtle's not addictive in the way that the screen is. So, that doesn't answer all of it, right? Because that turtle's not gonna be there forever and eventually they're gonna go tired of the turtle. But for 20 minutes...

Daniel (40:31.61)

Yeah, yeah.

Sam Thayer (40:56.438)

I might, the whole world might be the turtle, right? Or the bullfrogs. Or a snake. I mean, you add fear or excitement, you know? I find a big bull snake or a fox snake and I can show some kids. I mean, everything disappears. They're probably gonna pull their phone out and try to take a picture of it. But for the most part, it now centered on the real world. And so part of hooking kids

Daniel (41:16.856)

Yeah.

Sam Thayer (41:26.088)

or anyone, say kids, people, adults also, into nature and overcoming that addictive power is finding those most powerful elements of nature, the very things that we're trying to imitate the relationship to, like the excitement, like catching a fish for a kid is still super excited if you can get them past the boredom of not catching a fish until you catch one. Or same thing with hunting or whatever.

So I try to look for those situations where I can show somebody something really exciting that's like right away that they can experience like a fruit or berry or hazelnuts smell them you can't smell anything on your phone you know like like like not now now taste the sour juice in the husk of that hazelnuts just bite it I'll tell you bite the hazelnuts smell it like you'll never forget that smell now bite it and the juice comes out it's like sour astringent but lemony

juice and you're like I had no idea that hazelnut tastes like that. I I can just close my eyes at any time and imagine that hazelnut smell you know and I smell that hazelnut husk smell and I taste the juice of the husk I can taste the nut inside and then rip it open and crack a few and get kids to taste them and it's like magic it's a real physical object but yeah it is a constant battle to pull people away from the addictive thing and that's why the addiction is so powerful.

I think we need to call it out by name and call it what it is. And this technology is so new that we are not used to describing it for what it is. Like we know that alcohol is addictive and we've watched it ruin people's lives. And we've seen it taken out of its original context, cultural context, now just destroying people's lives because it's cheapened.

Daniel (42:57.488)

Mm-hmm.

Sam Thayer (43:19.214)

We have not developed a set of like social norms and ideas and teaching points and talking points among ourselves, each other and our children to deal with this digital technology. You know, there's research coming out that it's like we can't even keep up with it. Like by the time I read what I'm supposed to have done with my kids 40 years ago, it's too late, you know? So it's real, but nature is also powerfully.

Daniel (43:39.812)

Mm-hmm.

Sam Thayer (43:46.478)

I would say addictive, in a healthy way, in the same way that food is addictive, right? Like friendship is addictive. Like if you have a good friend, then not having a friend in your life all of a sudden feels like you're really messing out on something. It's supposed to be that.

Daniel (43:51.887)

Yeah.

Daniel (43:59.601)

addictive but non destructive. Yeah, well, okay, I don't

Sam Thayer (44:01.381)

Right, right.

Daniel (44:07.524)

When we were at that lecture, doing our workshops there at Kripalu, Sephora made a joke about me being real doomy and that she said that, you know Daniel's message, it's too late to be pessimistic, she was saying, which I thought was really funny. But at the risk of being that way, I guess I'm just that way, one thing that's happening is that as these technologies rise, concurrently with it, the natural world,

is being altered very dramatically, very quickly. So lest somebody who doesn't have experience in the natural world thinks that, you know, there's all this wild, this wild world, and then there's just these pockets of civilization and the rest of that's been left intact. Like if it's not built up, it's intact. Like that's not true, right? I mean, we've dramatically changed landscapes, moved species, altered distributions, and then added

a lot of chemistry to the environment. I saw I want to talk about that too, because it's not like us as foragers and hunters, we just step out into some pristine like Eden where it's like still untouched by civilization. And then I want to add to that this piece about everybody knows it, everybody knows the natural world's in a bad state, because we haven't been tending to it. And instead, we've been exploiting it. So we've created this

myth about, it's almost like a religious myth about our climate. It seems like, I feel like five years ago I would have been very hesitant to say that. I would have spoken much more carefully because boy, people would just attack you for it. Now I feel like people are kind of realizing, it's not that the climate isn't changing, the climate's a verb, it's always changing. But this story we have about the climate,

isn't necessarily the whole story. Like the problem with our ecology is a lot more of the things we're doing to it. And I was wondering if you could speak to that because it's like people just think, it's just, it's what I'm exhaling is the problem. And it's like, man, that's actually not really the problem.

Sam Thayer (46:20.024)

Well, can I speak to it? It's like more like, can I shut up? So first I want to give you like a look at human history in a way that distills in a way that not many people have thought about it. Right? If we look at the long scope of human history, you could say at some point in the past, I don't know how long ago, and it may have never happened with the species Homo sapiens. Let's say we were living off of

Daniel (46:21.904)

Please. Yeah, okay, let's see, got some time.

Sam Thayer (46:50.018)

natural environments and we were taking natural as an unaffected by humans, right? And we were just taking a surplus food out of that system and eating it. And that's why our numbers were at a low density, right? And that may have never been part of our species history. Probably wasn't.

Daniel (47:07.386)

For listeners, you're saying that might have been another species of Homo before Homo sapien?

Sam Thayer (47:12.462)

Yeah, so maybe Homo erectus lived that way or maybe Homo heidelbergensis lived that way maybe Neanderthals lived that way But I think you know people act like that's an outlandish statement I'm like hey look beavers have been around a long time and they create their own environment. They raise their own food essentially They don't they don't farm the way humans farm, but they create their own food environment

Daniel (47:34.404)

Landscape Engineers.

Sam Thayer (47:36.066)

Exactly. Pocket gophers do a similar thing. It's not as well known, but they create the disturbance that promotes the plants that produce roots that are good for pocket gophers, you know, by their mounds and so they kind of create their own disturbance that creates their own food supply. So I think human beings probably have always been that way. We had fire before we were homo sapiens. However, at some point...

We've grown gradually more organized and systematic and how we manage the landscape. So the first big tool for doing that was fire. Now fire in general on many landscapes promotes the production of food. Now don't need to get into all the detailed theories about this, but when you add fire to a landscape, fire generally increases the amount of food for human beings on the landscape for a number of reasons. Fire keeps the biomass closer to the ground so it's more edible to large

herbivores that makes more meat for people to eat. It increases the amount of nuts and small seeded, herbaceous plants with edible seeds and fire increases the quantity of fruit on the landscape and root vegetables. I mean, that's basically the gamut of human foods right there. All of them are generally benefited by fire. So people learned a long, long time ago, certainly by 30,000 years ago, virtually every hunter-gatherer

group in the world knew at least some places fire was a way to affect the landscape. Now fire is like, it kills some plants but not all plants. You you burn a landscape, it favors some plants over others. And the next big thing that people figured out or started doing to control the landscape was the plow. Plows, unlike fires, kill everything. So you clear land, you kill all the native vegetation, and then you make sure it all stays dead.

except for the one or two things you want to plant. That's a plow. And the plow went through, first it was human operated, then it was pulled by draft animals, then the plow was pulled by machines, and they each made it more labor efficient and more land could be put under the plow. And this was a great destructive process. So fires changed the ecology of the world, but they made the world...

Sam Thayer (49:46.126)

It was still natural, was still vibrant and full of life and you could argue that maybe it made the world, quote, better, but it made it better for people, right, and certain species. Other species didn't benefit as much, but, you know, the plow was different, right? With each step of mechanizing the plow,

First, the plow was confined to really good soils and really small areas and the food was really precious. It was produced. When you added animals, you could do bigger areas and then when you added machinery, internal combustion engines, all of a sudden plows could be applied to humongous areas and zip, there goes the 20 % of the Earth's land surface that is the most ecologically productive is gone. It is ecologically dead. It is not much better than a parking lot ecologically, right? And then,

We are now coming to this great new, the next revolution in control of the biosphere, the way to kill plants is now chemical, right? And some people think I'm exaggerating that, like, but this is just as big as the invention of the plow. So we can go back to, you know, there were very expensive general herbicides.

available for a long time like when the Romans defeated Carthage, Scipio spread salt on Carthaginian fields so they couldn't grow crops, right? That was an herbicide, but a very expensive one. And you know, then we had things like copper sulfate, very expensive, kills everything, borate, know, things that are... It's with World War II that we come up with cheap potent herbicides.

And that was as big of an invention in terms of its impact on world ecology as the invention of agriculture itself.

Daniel (51:35.546)

Can I pause you there and ask this question? Do you think it's fair to say that the weapons of war were converted into pesticides essentially? Like these were munitions, right? And we're talking about nitrogen, which still can be used to make explosives. Were these weapons technologies that we converted to agricultural purposes essentially?

Sam Thayer (51:59.598)

Some of them were, and certainly the capital was repurposed, right? So there was this massive investment in chemical producing capital, and then that was repurposed for agricultural chemicals. even if, you know, the war may have made these things happen a little quicker, but it was going to happen anyway. Yeah, we were strongly trending there. But as has happened so often in human history, conflict is a major push toward innovation, right? So we maybe got there a generation earlier, but...

Daniel (52:15.376)

We were trending there.

Sam Thayer (52:28.726)

Now we have, you know, 2,4-D and glyphosate and all these different chemicals that are usually selective. But what they allow us to do that even plows, even mechanically driven plows couldn't do is they allow us to control the vegetation on steep rugged landscapes where we cannot easily operate machinery. And also on landscapes where the biotic production potential is low.

And so we're already seeing this in Europe. Most of the forests of Northern Europe, or most of Europe in general, is actually tree plantations. It's not forest anymore. so the biggest threat to forests in the world today is the replacement of forests with tree plantations. And this is insidious, right? So we had like a few years ago, maybe 2020, I forget what it's called, I think I wrote it down, the...

the name of this organization. yeah, the World Economic Forum. have their one, yeah, yeah, by the way, World Economic Forum, GDP worshipers as organized as they can be, right? And so we have people like, you know, they have the Trillion Tree Initiative. Donald Trump's on board. Emmanuel Macron is on board. You know, everyone's on board. Well, you know what they're doing? They are,

Daniel (53:35.203)

yeah, lovely fellas over there. I love those folks.

Sam Thayer (53:57.4)

cutting down real forests and replacing them with tree plantations. And they are constantly using the rhetoric of carbon sequestration to reduce global warming as part of the excuse for this ecologically egregious act. I got to actually go in France to these places while they were actively cutting ancient native beach forests.

mostly beech, some oak, some elm, but mostly beech, and replacing them with Douglas fir plantations established in rows and maintained with herbicide. That is what herbicide is allowing us to do. So you take rugged landscapes. So all the nature left in the world, it's either too wet, it's too rugged, or it's too unproductive for agriculture. So we have the vast boreal forests. It's soil-less.

glacier scraped rock of the Canadian shield and in northern Europe, you know, we have these vast boreal forests, biggest forest in the world, right? And then we have the second biggest forest area in the world. We've got the tropical rainforests. We've got the Congo, we have, you know, Borneo and parts of Southeast Asia. And then we have the Amazon rainforest, super infertile. You know, people don't realize that that's the least fertile soil in the world. That's like made of small part.

Daniel (55:21.422)

All the nutrients are in the forest itself, but not in the soil there, right? Essentially the soil is a very thin layer and all those nutrients are in the canopy, right? Something like that.

Sam Thayer (55:31.266)

Yes, but what's also happened is that areas around the equator that have not been disturbed by mountain upheaval or glaciers, the soil layers have not mixed. There's no new rock. So the soluble minerals have been removed for, in most of those places, more than 100 million years of rain has leached the soluble minerals out of the soil. So even what is in the system is very, very sparse and low.

Daniel (55:57.092)

needs like a catastrophic renewal event.

Sam Thayer (55:59.884)

Yeah, exactly. I that's what glaciers were. That is why temperate regions that are glaciated or mountainous regions is where all of the high densities of people in the world are, and it's where people are most prosperous because it creates fertile soils. So anyways, the tropical rainforests are also, right now, I guarantee you, there's a whole bunch of airplanes flying over the Amazon, spraying herbicide down to defoliate, and then people are, I mean, this is, people can research this. This is going on huge scale.

but we're not in the Amazon looking at that. And when we're looking at our smartphones, it's not popping up, right? So these massive change in world ecology is happening like under our noses, but we're not even sniffing it, you know? We're not even looking at it. So, you know, the Mesquite country in Texas, it used to be...

that these areas of Texas were prairie and mesquite was usually confined to steep ravines and washes and long streams and it was scattered on the uplands but fires would burn the prairies of Texas and they would push back the mesquite and it's a natural native plant. It's a great plant in a lot of ways. It's great for wildlife but ranchers don't like it and when they remove fire from the landscape and you add the disturbance of cattle droppings and cattle trampling and grazing the mesquite goes crazy and has been managed instead of

through fire, mostly through chainsaw. But when you cut just mesquite with a chainsaw, you're just cutting mesquite. Now, mesquite's managed with herbicide. There is roughly 50 to 55 million acres of mesquite rangeland in Texas. That is about one and a half times the size of the state of Wisconsin. It's about 1.7 times the size of the state of Maine. It's ridiculous, right? And almost all of that, very comfortable saying an area the size of the entire state of Wisconsin.

the state of New York or the state of Maine. That much area is being nuked eerily with herbicide in the state of Texas. Just in Texas, as its normal form of management. When they do this, it doesn't kill this mesquite, it kills two thirds to three quarters of the native flora is obliterated by the spraying. And no one's talking about it.

Daniel (58:12.9)

What is this glyphosate or are we talking about other pesticides too?

Sam Thayer (58:17.454)

I'm actually not sure what pesticides are being used, but I've been there on the ground, walked through the sprayed areas, watched the regenerating vegetation. Texas is a big state. There's a lot of hours you can drive through this. I mean, there are literally chunks of like 20,000 acres of mesquite skeletons with non-native invasive weeds and grasses and some native ones mixed in growing up between those mesquites. And this is one example, right?

Daniel (58:44.376)

Can I, a couple things are emerging here for me as you say this. One is, and this part is like really shocking and insidious. A lot of the people who are involved in this kind of work consider themselves as environmentalists. They're doing this work for the environment in their minds, right? Like I know a lot of what's happening here with the spraying of roadsides with pesticide is to eliminate invasive species. They think they're actually doing useful work.

for native species, right? So the people perpetrating it think they're doing it for good. So that's like one component. Second thing I wanna say is so many people think that the reason that we're genetically modifying food crops is to make them more productive when in reality it's just to make them resistant to the glyphosate that allows us to now instead of spot apply, aerial spray it and the plants that were growing that means that.

They're resistant, so that means they can be covered in it, which is not good for us, because we're gonna eat them. But also, these aren't more productive varieties of plants. They're just resistant to the poison that we couldn't spray on them before. So that's like another component. And then the third part of this I wanna say is that this is what's happening while we're all talking about carbon, right? So we're talking about CO2. Meanwhile, we're wholesale poisoning our soils and

Sam Thayer (01:00:02.072)

Mm-hmm.

Daniel (01:00:10.042)

defoliating denuding our landscape at the same time. All those things true.

Sam Thayer (01:00:15.374)

Absolutely. you know, and I'm not saying that human cause global warming is not real. It's real and it's a problem and we need to address it. And look, like I live off grid, you know, I have a house that I built out of logs that I cut and carried on my shoulders on my property, know, like locally cut wood. I heat with wood. You know, like I said, I pump my own water. Like I have tried to live by those

Daniel (01:00:21.68)

Mm-hmm. Sure. Yep.

Sam Thayer (01:00:44.246)

values, know, off-grid photovoltaic, solar electric, etc. But that's not going to solve this climate issue, you know. And we can't try to solve the climate issue and ignore the things. I mean, this herbicide thing is a way bigger deal ecologically. I mean, while we sit and argue about carbon footprints and about, you know, carbon sequestration and what's the best way to lower

our carbon footprint and all that. All of the things that we are worried about global warming doing, we are doing actively with herbicide at a far faster rate than global warming would ever do them. And each time there's an issue, we're talking about that issue, framing it in a way that ignores the ecology and just focuses on the global warming part. I'll give you two examples. We talk about monarchs disappearing on the Great Plains.

and all the other thousands of insects that are disappearing. Like as much as the monarchs are declining, there's like, it's not like monarchs are declining way more than other things. There's tons of plants and animals declining just like monarchs. And that is almost 100 % caused by herbicide. And people will talk like 60 % of the discussion of it is like revolves around, maybe it's only 40%, but it revolves around, you know, global warming.

Daniel (01:02:07.044)

You

Sam Thayer (01:02:10.744)

Global warming is not harming the monarchs. It's the herbicide. And you can just compound that over, say, maybe 7,000 native species just in North America. And we're not talking about the herbicide is that problem. And I had another.

Daniel (01:02:25.232)

We'll almost talk about everything else. mean, you'll hear it's the cell phone towers, it's the 5G, it's the, you know, everything, but you don't hear. the thing about the insects is I've witnessed it in my lifetime. I witness it because it's so simple and people who've listened to me for years will have heard this, but it used to be if you drove from the North Maine woods down to where I live in Southern Maine in the summertime, your car would absolutely be caked in dead insects. And you can do that drive now.

and there's barely any. And I mean, just have watched it year after year. It's just less insects. I mean, considerably.

Sam Thayer (01:03:01.294)

and less birds and less snakes and less lizards and I mean you almost all these species across the board and you know so other and you know the environmental movement has a history of doing this right so I'll give you an example like in from like 1920 to like say 2000 2010 almost a century there there was this focus on deforestation

Daniel (01:03:04.292)

Hmm.

Sam Thayer (01:03:31.052)

Right? And let's look here at the United States. During that period, our amount of forest was dramatically increasing during that period. And yet we have this smoky the bear ethic, right? And smoky the bear was a tool created by industry and government in lockstep to trick people about forest ecology and trick them into allowing us to manage forests for timber rather than for nature.

Right? And so we eliminated fire from our forest management and then we create this horrible fire problem that is in the western states, all over the country, but especially California. Right? And that is partly due to global warming, the serious fire problems we've had recently, but it is mostly caused by this smokey the bear mentality of managing forests for industry rather than ecologically sound. And for that century, we were ignoring

We were ignoring all the species, which is roughly 40 % of the species in North America, which are fire dependent, because virtually all of our forests and all of our prairies are fire dependent or fire was an important part of modulating those ecosystems over time. While all sorts of plants and animals just disappeared steadily for years in the 30s, 40s, 50s, it was like exponential, like each decade there was like, you know,

only 40 % at the end of the decade, what there was in the beginning. And I got to see it even in my lifetime. I go to southern Wisconsin and the prairie relics that I visited in the 80s and early 90s, they're all gone. They're buckthorn and brush and forest. And we were losing our prairies and all of our grasslands and all of our fire dependent communities, even though we scientifically knew we were losing them, because the media and industry and government was focused on industrializing

our forests. And so we lost our forests and our grasslands because of this warped quasi-environmental thing that was happening in our heads. And it's happening now with climate change in that, you know, I used to wonder, I used to see, like when I was a teenager, I used to see like the political right as like the enemy of environmentalism. And I was like, you know, I was in a birds and snakes and, you know, and like I was a nature conservative volunteer when I was

Sam Thayer (01:05:51.31)

14 at the age of 17 I became I got the certification to be a nature Conservancy spokesperson so I could go like a to like a DNR meeting and say like as a representative of the nature Conservancy I think blah blah blah right and like and and and I just I Really love what the nature Conservancy did but you know I used to one I used to think that our enemies were on the political right well those people just they admit that they don't give a crap about nature right on the left you have this like I don't know this like he's like

pencil pushing office urban people that think that they care about nature but don't know a damn thing about it and don't actually care. They just think it's good to sound like they care. And so those people

have they control the rhetoric now so that we just aren't talking about all these other issues. Environmentalism is dead. Environmentalism was killed by the left not the right. The right never supported it. I mean a little bit right but the right didn't really care about the environment and they admitted that. The left pretended they cared and in that insidious

Daniel (01:06:58.032)

Well, on the right they call it conservation and the interest is really in antlers.

Sam Thayer (01:07:04.588)

Well, some, yeah, but I mean, there's all, if you go back to like the 50s, you know, there was more legitimate concern, like on the political right. But by the 80s and 90s, it had mostly dissipated, right? So to say within my lifetime. But actually, if we talk about the real issues, it's easier to get the political right interested because there are a lot of people.

Daniel (01:07:31.192)

Now, present, we're talking about.

Sam Thayer (01:07:31.766)

I live, yeah, I live around them. They vote for Trump and they are very right leaning. But if I talk about a bird disappearing, they care because it's concrete and they have birds in their yard, right? But if I talk about an abstract thing about climate change that they sense, they smell bullshit and they want to push it away and they are right in what they smell, right? And I'm not saying like, and a lot of these people, they aren't

Some of them are really silly and pretending that there's no climate change happening. But most of them, it's more complicated view than that. And the Nature Conservancy, when I volunteered for them, we had a very distinct mission of preserving land and managing habitats for rare and declining species, et cetera. Most of the Nature Conservancy's mission statement now is about climate change.

The nature conservancy has been absorbed, subsumed, superseded by climatism. Whatever permutation of environmentalism, whether it's just regular old environmentalism or the deep ecology movement from the 80s and 90s that I felt that I was part of, or whether it's conservation, which is like the wise use, but use of natural resources. And I'm there too, right?

I'm all for forestry. It's the most sustainable industry we have. We need to do it right, but we should be cutting our public forests and getting timber from them, because if we don't, we're going to be getting it from tree farms. Right? So I'm there. I'm in the conservation sphere too. But climatism has just replaced all that. We don't talk about biodiversity. We don't talk realistically about any of the environmental issues anymore. And meanwhile, like climate thing is important. It's important. But you know what?

biggest ecological thing facing the world today is not climate change. It's herbicide and we are completely ignoring that. And I've had people just attack me, jump down my throat for saying that, but I'm not getting my information from any talking head anywhere. Not from even somebody on a podcast like this. I'm getting that information from going outside and watching, watching people kill nature with herbicide.

Sam Thayer (01:09:50.048)

And it's so much faster and so much more drastic and so much more severe than any potential climate change scenario that we're talking about. And I'm terrified of what's happening to nature before my eyes. And I'm terrified that there isn't even an environmental movement to talk about it anymore because climate change has swallowed us.

Daniel (01:10:13.616)

It does seem to like the what the climate change narrative is going to lead to from my perspective, at least is climate management. know, so you're seeing now the patents are coming out for, you know, geoengineering, the atmosphere for experiments in the ionosphere, reflective particles, you know, things like that. there's this it's going to lead to, we need to now become managers of weather systems.

which is like, it's so, you know, like not letting any natural processes take place anymore. You know, I feel like that's kind of the desire is to be engineers of everything, right? Like we want to engineer biology. We want to engineer psychology. We want to engineer human beings. We want to engineer ecosystems. Now we want to engineer weather. And I just feel like human beings are not mature enough to manage any of those things.

Sam Thayer (01:11:07.406)

I agree, you know, at some point we need to say we're good enough, our earth is good enough, and we have enough stuff. Like that's about GDP being sacred, right? We don't need to raise that number. We have enough stuff. Like if I go on a walk with you and you and I go pick some persimmons and eat them, there's no GDP value in that. But man, wouldn't that be nice? Wouldn't it be nice to go fishing? Like we could just walk down to a stream somewhere

catch some brook trout and bring them home and cook them for dinner with some vegetables from the garden and some wild rice that I got last year. Like there's no GDP in that, right? But man, wouldn't that be nice? I mean, we need to stop pretending that GDP is quality of life. The earth is good enough, nature is good enough, human beings are good enough, and we have enough stuff. And let's start acting like it. Let's be responsible for once. I agree with you 100%. I mean, about what...

where you, I believe it's going the path that you're talking about going because people don't want to make changes or sacrifices. Like I have green energy in my house, I've off-grid solar, but you know what? We've achieved what we've achieved mostly because we use 8 % of the national average electricity use of a family our size. Well guess what? You don't need solar panels on your roof to cut your electricity use down by 80%. Anyone can cut their fossil fuel use, their carbon footprint, you can cut it by 80%.

without buying any single piece of technology. But what we want is we want to buy a Prius and then put solar panels on the roof so that we can advertise who we are. So it's not about the value, it's about signaling the value we have to the public and saying what group of people we belong to. We need to grow up and stop doing that. We need to make responsible decisions regardless of whether or not we get overt social credit for them.

Daniel (01:12:48.772)

Mm-hmm. Yeah.

Sam Thayer (01:13:05.345)

And that's why I think people need to stay in contact with nature because when you keep putting your hands in nature and you keep eating nature, that gratitude cycle keeps happening and it keeps causing you to think in a framework of gratitude. And the framework of gratitude makes you ask for less, need less, it makes you be more satisfied and more happy. yeah, and you know, the other thing is

climate change, carbon sequestration, all the... this is all being used to support extraordinarily egregiously anti-environmental things. Okay, so I give the example of replacing, you know, forests, native forests with tree farms and sometimes under the guise that, well yeah but Douglas fir grows more cubic feet of wood per acre or more, you know, biomass volume of wood per acre, blah blah blah. That's just baloney.

that's just messing with numbers, messing with people's heads to support something that's good for industry, not good for nature. But we're seeing that in all these like, even like with solar farms, right? I mean, are we, say as a nature conservancy person, and I look on their website and they have a picture of a gigantic solar farm, right? Like, so you put the solar farm, you are displacing cropland or natural land.

Daniel (01:14:28.748)

So bad.

Sam Thayer (01:14:34.432)

If you're displacing crop land that increases the value of the crops and some other natural land will be displaced somewhere to make up for that crop production. So whether you put it on crop land or natural ecosystems, by putting out solar farms, you're going to be destroying natural ecosystems. Now, we would need, I don't know what the total is. I hear different numbers. Is it 1%, 5%, somewhere in that range? Of the surface area of this country would have to be devoted to solar farms in order to meet our electric needs, right?

It's not happening without massive ecological destruction. And then invariably, herbicide is used, except in desert regions, herbicide is used between the panels to control the vegetation. And so, again, climate change is being used as an excuse to destroy nature. We need solutions to climate change, but they have to consider the actual ecology and nature as if it mattered. And if all the decisions are made by urban office pencil pushers,

and people that are not actively engaged and viscerally connected to nature through direct experience, through eating it, through sleeping in it, through touching it, then the decisions are going to be ill-conceived even if those people have the best intentions. And I do believe that some of those people have the best intentions. There is an infiltration of people with bad intentions and the people with bad intentions have an easy time

Daniel (01:15:52.005)

Mm-hmm.

Sam Thayer (01:16:02.156)

convincing people with good intentions to make dumb ecological decisions in name of climate change because their benchmark is the social world around them which contains a very limited amount of information whereas nature contains all the information about itself which is more than human beings can even conceive of.

Daniel (01:16:06.309)

Yeah.

Daniel (01:16:22.892)

And there's a lot in those last few sentences you just said there. I think people could take some time unpacking that.

Sam Thayer (01:16:25.762)

We need to keep going back to nature, keep touching it so we love it and keep observing it so we understand what's going on. that's just, environmental movement is not promoting that.

Daniel (01:16:32.58)

Yeah.

Daniel (01:16:36.4)

You know, to conclude, I wanna ask you, okay, it might take me a second to frame the question, so bear with me, and if it's too far out for you, just be like, hey man, that's outside my wheelhouse. But I've never asked you about this. Okay, good, all right. Your pump house. All right. When I look at all this, it.

Sam Thayer (01:16:49.166)

I don't have a wheelhouse, so it's OK.

Daniel (01:16:59.48)

It's like watching somebody descend into suicidal ideation. That's kind of what it looks like watching us culturally. But almost even worse because part of it looks like Lord of the Rings where it's like Sauron's trying to build himself a body. where it's literally an all-seeing eye that knows every thought you think, everything you buy, everywhere you go, it's tracking everything you do. It's got a...

GPS and gyroscope in it. It knows all your movements. It knows when it's in your pocket. It knows when it's out. It knows who all your friends are because it's geolocating itself. We've got these devices everywhere. There's this all-seeing eye. And we're building its brain. And we're building its body for some reason. And it's very anti-human. That's how it looks to me. Then it looks like we're suiciding ourselves at the genetic level and at the fertility level. mean, the sperm counts are tanked. Fertility is tanked.

People are developing a lot of new diseases that are caused by essentially our poor nutrition and our gluttony. We are catastrophically destroying our ecosystem, the whole womb that supports us.

When I look at a company like we're talking about glyphosate, so you kind of can't talk about glyphosate without sort of alluding to Monsanto and companies like that. These corporate bodies, right? They aren't a physical body, they're a corporate body. Now, if we went back 300 years and a bunch of people got together in a room, sat in a circle and tried to summon an entity, that would be like sorcery. But today it's called a board meeting and they summon this corporate, corporal, that means body, right? So they summon this non-

physical body that makes decisions that no human could make because they're so anti-human and they're so anti-ecological, right? So we have all of these corporate entities that all seem hell-bent on destroying the earth itself. We're destroying ourselves and then we're bringing in, it's like we're trying at least to bring in artificial beings, silica-based beings to replace ourselves. know, when you zoom out of it, it's like,

Daniel (01:19:13.838)

Wait, what the hell is going on here? My question is, is do you, when you look at this personally, is this a physical phenomena with emergent properties from all of the hive mind? Or is this a spiritual problem? Do you think this is a physical thing? Do you think this is a spiritual thing or a metaphysical thing? Or do you think it just, it's purely, is it purely just greed for individuals who want yachts and

sex parties or is it like, is there like a spiritual component? Like how do you reconcile that we're doing this to ourselves because squirrels don't do this and lions don't do this and you know birds don't do, like no animals doing this to itself except us and we're not just doing it to ourselves, we're doing it to all the species that are here and we're doing it in such a scorched earth way that it's almost like we want there to never be anything that can live again.

right, if we were to carry this out to its conclusion.

Sam Thayer (01:20:14.998)

So I feel like that's right in my wheelhouse, but it's also like, you know, it's like the elephant in the wheelhouse or I don't know what it's. I feel like I don't I don't separate the physical and the spiritual realms. So I think it's both. It's physical and spiritual. I also don't separate the corporate and the individual. When I say the corporate, I mean like this

Daniel (01:20:20.282)

good.

Sam Thayer (01:20:44.024)

this gigantic amalgamation of human wills, not in terms of a corporation. But sometimes, know, collective will takes on its own thing. And that makes sense. It takes on its own power, in the same way that our bodies are a collection of cells, each of which is rather powerless, but they...

together can do things that the individual cells could have never imagined doing if they weren't incorporated into this body, right? Mitochondria probably could have done a heck of a lot if it didn't get into our cells and all of a sudden, know, mitochondria, you know, that's kind of a cool thought, right? But a terrifying thought. And I don't know where it's gonna go and I don't want it to go where it seems like it might. And so, did people want...

Daniel (01:21:20.906)

Yeah, right.

Well said, yeah.

Sam Thayer (01:21:38.51)

Yachts and sex parties and people want that for sure. There's people that want that and some people You know their view is narrow enough that that's just where they're and then that's what they're pushing towards but I don't know what the total body is going to do, but I do I do feel like Human intelligence was a sort of idiosyncratic thing sort of like beavers managing their environment the way they do it was like

not really another animal that does that the way beavers do at least. And sort of like an elephant's trunk. mean, there's no other, I don't know, there's no other big animal with a fifth limb, you know? But our unique thing is this intellect. And it was really useful, but it gave us a burden. And that burden is the fear of our death. And so this is where, in my mind, the physical and the spiritual are connected.

so much of human psychology is spent assuaging our fear of death. And I want people to know that if you really connect with nature, maybe it's just me, but I don't think it's just me. I've talked to lot of people. That fear mostly disappears. Like hunter-gatherer people mostly were not afraid of death the way the modern people are because they spent their whole life alive and engaged in life. And people want to be connected to something that's

bigger than us that lasts forever. It predated us and it will outlast us and we are part of it. We are part of the big forever. And you know, if you look at Yuval Harari's book, Homo Deus, it's all about, and Sapiens, it's all about this idea that human beings are smart and now we're gonna build something bigger than us that will last forever and it will rule the universe with, know, humans and technology together will rule the universe and will become God. Humans will become God. That's what we want.

And that's what we want because we crave. That's like the craving for sugar that we keep eating the sugar and it keeps wrecking our bodies, right? But we keep eating it because it tastes so damn good. That is like what we are doing spiritually to nature, to the earth, because we're afraid of death. And we're afraid of death because we aren't connected to life. I think everybody should watch a deer's eyes as it dies for them to eat.

Sam Thayer (01:23:59.744)

and come to terms with that so they can understand that they will die just like that one day and it will be okay. It's okay that that deer died and it's okay that you will die. And when you dig up a plant, that plant dies, it's okay. It's like, death is life and life is death. You cannot have one without the other and if we try to have life without death, we will not have life. That's what this push towards AI is. It's to push us towards not having life.

Like, if we want to live forever, we won't have life at all. Life and death must be synonymous. They must exchange and interchange. It's yin and yang. And it is morally wrong because it's physically wrong. It's physically nonsensical, so therefore it's morally wrong for us to pursue infinite life. Like, I'm not supposed to live forever. I'm afraid of death. Of course I'm afraid of death. We're instinctively afraid of death. But...

I have a peace with death, I'm gonna die. And it's gonna be okay. I'm supposed to. mean, think about this. Human beings particularly, we are among the set of organisms that is born to die, right? So if you take certain plants, they actually do not have programmed to death. They simply live until a calamity kills them. It could be a disease, it could be a tree falls on them, it could be something digs them up. But a milkweed plant, a blueberry bush, a spring beauty plant.

Those things live forever until something kills them. They have no life span. They have no pre-programmed life span. So a spring beauty tuber could be 1,750 years old. It could conceivably be 35,000 years old. And I bet you somewhere in the Appalachians, in the southern Appalachians, there's a spring beauty plant that's more than 10,000 years old. They just keep living. But humans, we're not like that. We live like 70 to 100 years and then we die. We're supposed to. And anyone who tells you otherwise is selling you something.

We're supposed to die. We're not supposed to live forever. We're meat. We're flesh. We're also spirit, right? And we're supposed to die and if we can accept that then we can stop wrecking the world in a futile Infantile desire to live forever. We can grow up and mature Accept our death and say the world is good enough. I am good enough nature is good enough. I have enough stuff I'm gonna try to live well now not longer not more not better, but just well, you know

Daniel (01:25:58.542)

Yeah.

Sam Thayer (01:26:27.694)

That's how I see it. And maybe we won't get there. Maybe that message is not powerful enough to change anything. I don't know, I guess, but that's how I spent my life working towards for me and trying to share with people. And when I write books about foraging, it's to try to share with them this miracle of just, yes, living. Like foraging is living. Gathering food is living. Hunting and fishing and gathering, that's living. But also the psychological miracle of realizing that you're part of this

thing that is the most amazing thing ever conceived of. mean, nature is the most amazing thing and that's good enough for me. Like, I will die and my blood will soak into the soil and I will become plants that deer will eat and turkeys will eat and insects will eat and frogs will eat those insects. That's good enough for me. I don't need fairy tales. That's good enough for me because I got to experience it and I'll be...

I won't be experiencing it in this consciousness, but I will go on I will be that and that's okay So that's right. That's where I stand on that. I think it's it's all connected

Daniel (01:27:36.305)

It's so interesting how, man, first I just wanna say I really appreciate all that you just shared. I hope you write about that sometime. It's interesting because you're like, well then what do we do? And it's like chop wood, carry water. It's just like so simple. It's just like these things we're talking about, hunting, foraging, whatever your experience in nature. It's kind of like chop wood, carry water. Before enlightenment, chop wood, carry water. After enlightenment, chop wood, carry water. Because it's just like, okay, all that.

And then it's like, what do you do? Well, you just gotta wake up tomorrow and like feed yourself. Yeah.

Sam Thayer (01:28:09.292)

Yeah, chop wood, carry water, watch birds, make love, eat apples. mean, life is good enough.

Daniel (01:28:16.728)

Yeah. Wow, Sam. I really appreciate these insights, man. Thank you so much for your time. Thanks for kind of going into this unusual territory with me. think that what I'm most interested in, and it's like, I just feel like the pragmatic and the existential are like, they have to come together now because the situation's getting so dire. And I feel like...

Sam Thayer (01:28:26.818)

Thanks for pulling me there.

Sam Thayer (01:28:40.75)

Thank you.

Daniel (01:28:41.988)

I don't want to be like the village crier like, the sky's falling, but I kind of do want to be like that because I feel like the sky is falling in a sense. And it's not the natural sky that's falling. It's just that people are doing it. And we're all contributing and we're all caught up in it. And I feel like I just got to say something. So anyway, I feel like a lot of this stuff's burning in our hearts and we're not always talking about it together. And I think it's important that we have these conversations. So yeah, thanks for going there with me today.

Sam Thayer (01:29:08.654)

Hey, no problem. And you know, when I teach foraging, I don't always say these words. Sometimes it comes out, you But by bringing people out in nature and giving them that physical connection to the land and to nature, it doesn't need to be words. Even if people never formulate words, anything like what I said, that happens inside them. The gratitude, the peace, that's the two things. It's acceptance and the peace that comes with acceptance and the gratitude for life. The acceptance of life.

and the peace and gratitude of life. And you get that through visceral physical experience of nature and no other way.

Daniel (01:29:49.909)

It feels almost sacrilegious to do it, but I wanna make sure people know about what you do, because you're not, I guess you're on TikTok now actually, aren't you? But I don't think of you as like a social media guy. Okay, cool. So yeah, you're, you know, a lot of times I feel like I get down to podcasts and people go, oh Daniel, where can people find you? And I think like, oh, this is this weird formality we do because everybody knows they can just.

Sam Thayer (01:30:00.212)

Yeah, well, I've done maybe three. I've done maybe three videos in the last year, so.

Daniel (01:30:15.512)

search for you and find you, you're a little bit more, like if people wanna get into your workshops, it's a little bit like, this is real in-person stuff, And you sell your books, not through a publisher, but you self-publish and sell your books on your own website and everything. So I just wanna give you the space to talk about that, because your books are really incredible. Your series, the Forger's Harvest series, but also the Field Guide that you did, which is what a magnum opus, man, I love that book.

and your in-person stuff is just incredible. like, you know, how do people get in that funnel to work with you?

Sam Thayer (01:30:50.424)

Sure, so my books, I still feel like it's a great way to reach people. And the books are easy to access. mean, any online book seller.

Daniel (01:30:55.492)

Yeah, those books are important to have. Those are important to have. if somebody's building their like seed vault, whatever, even if you're not gonna read them right now, you're just like, need to have the, like you want these books in your, all four of those books should be in everybody's library in my opinion. Sorry, go ahead.

Sam Thayer (01:31:15.36)

And no, that's fine, that's fine. The praise makes me feel good, you know. I won't lie. So I started my own publishing company, which was the best financial decision I ever made, although it stressed my life out a little bit. the books are pretty easy to access, whatever books to sell you find convenient. I don't sell them individually on my website anymore. You can also go to my website, foragersharvest.com and I will have my workshops.

Daniel (01:31:18.704)

It's warranted.

Daniel (01:31:37.581)

Okay.

Sam Thayer (01:31:44.244)

and speaking appearances for the year posted on there. I'll be doing a few more this year because I built the classroom kitchen building on my property. It's being built as we speak. So that'll be in service next spring for the first time. It'll make it a lot more convenient to have classes here. But I do a limited number of in-person classes, but I love to meet other foragers and to show people directly, physically, nature.

Daniel (01:31:54.603)

yeah? cool.

Sam Thayer (01:32:13.036)

You know, I do occasional videos. I keep thinking I'm going to do some YouTube videos, but I just... There's a lot of alone time in my world. I don't have someone to film me. And so it gets hard. And I want to be doing this stuff so that I have something to write about.

Daniel (01:32:21.732)

Mm-hmm. Right.

Daniel (01:32:29.572)

Yeah, well, you're one of these people who've had tremendous impact with sort of minimal input into those systems. I'm amazed by it because it's very difficult now if you're not on Instagram, YouTube, whatever, pick your thing. But you've had an incredible impact. I think sort of like when you started and then like as your expertise built, those systems weren't as relevant for you. But man, it's incredible because...

because everybody out there in the space knows your work. mean, when somebody writes, it doesn't matter if somebody writes me from China or Argentina and they're like, how do I start foraging? I recommend your books because I feel like even if, I think if you live almost anywhere in the United States, there's plants in your books that are where people are. So that's really helpful. But essentially what you teach is important.

whether it's that suite of plants or not. find that really, that techniques and the ideas and the essays that are in those books, they're useful to everybody who wants to get into the space. So I think that's really powerful. But one thing I like about being with you in person, you share on many levels. You share educationally, you share in presence, you share in song, you share in fun, and those are things that you don't get from videos and everything.

I really want to encourage people to go to one of your in-person workshops because I think if you're in this space, we have a tremendous opportunity and resource in Sam here and, you know, avail yourself of that while you can. So just got to put that out there. I don't say that about everybody, Sam. I really, really appreciate what you do. And I think being with you in person is really an important part of that. So I hope you do more videos and all of that. But yeah, if people can go work with you, man, I think that's a really big opportunity.

Sam Thayer (01:34:15.208)

Well thank you. I'm honored and I'm honored that anyone and for everybody that feels like it's worth spending time with me and I'm glad my books have worked for you and other people because that's the only reason I wrote them.

Daniel (01:34:16.271)

Mm-hmm.

Daniel (01:34:30.081)

Yeah, no, they really do. yeah, so if you're looking to get into the forging space, particularly get Sam's books, but cool. Any final thoughts you have? Anything you want to share before we go?

Sam Thayer (01:34:41.036)

Yeah, well in the absence of access to me, just go out in nature. Like, go out, go out. And thank you all the listeners, viewers. Thank you, Daniel, so much for what you do and for bringing me on.

Daniel (01:34:44.826)

Mm-hmm.

Yeah. Right on.

Daniel (01:34:54.64)

Thank you, Sam.

Transcript: Birth, Death, and Our Life in Between — Tom Myers #001

Daniel (00:01.09)

My guest today is Tom Myers. I don't think I'm exaggerating to say he's one of the great minds on the earth today in the realm of biomechanics and human physiology anatomy. I've been looking forward to this conversation for a long time. I was lamenting recently to some friends and to my wife that sometimes when you've built a mental map that's very rich in data points, it can be a little bit alienating. And I've been looking forward to this conversation because

Tom's somebody with a big mental map and it's a deep satisfaction to get to have a conversation with somebody like that. Also, I want to say if you've heard over the last several years about myofascia, if you're into fitness, exercise, mobility, yoga, whatever it is, if you're into body work and you've heard about fascia, it's because of Tom Myers. He's really brought that work and that idea forward into culture in probably the biggest way that anybody has.

And it's pretty amazing to see now how many people are teaching under that umbrella. So Tom, welcome to the show.

Tom Myers (01:08.579)

Daniel, it's great to be here.

Daniel (01:09.842)

It's really good to be here. Like I said, I've been looking forward to this a long time. I I kinda wanna just start off by talking a little bit about what your work has been over the years. But I really am interested in seeing what you're interested in today. but first let me just say being here in your library, there's a lot of books here I know and recognize that are incredible books. There's a lot more here that I just wish I had had the time or opportunity to read, but what a collection this is.

Tom Myers (01:36.75)

Yeah, this is fifty years of of thinking about the body and how the body how the human body in particular is. And with you in particular, Daniel, I think of us as paired units because I have that feeling for the wild and you're out there doing it. And my dedication this lifetime, I'm an urban creature and

I think we'll talk about this later. Homo domesticus is my the species that needs the most work on the planet. So I've been working with that homo domestic But with the the wild one in mind, right? Right. because it's the wild one that set our genes. Yeah. Both the genes of the food that we eat and the genes of the movement that we do. but instead now we have been domesticated like some of the other animals around us.

Daniel (02:10.529)

Daniel (02:27.286)

it's like the wild variant gives us like a template almost, right? It's kind of I always say if you wanted to take care of a domesticated animal, it's helpful to know the wild progenitor, what its needs are, what it eats, how it lives, to inform you at least how to raise the domestic Yeah.

Tom Myers (02:43.576)

All those people are gone. All those people who well, most of the people maybe you found them. Maybe you found them out in the people who are surviving. I had an old woodsman here when I was young. I hired him, to help me with the aquaculture project that we have here. And he could survive on tea berry and all kinds of things that you probably know about in the woods where I would die shortly.

Tom Myers (03:07.59)

But the problem that I've been addressing myself to is, we have all of these humans living in a world to which they were not adapted. Right. And I think of you as out there exploring what would happen if we hadn't adapted, you know, if we were wild humans, and that's a really valuable

exploration and I'm so glad you're doing it because I'm not doing it because I'm running around from city to city. Here are all these you know, you go back to the eighteen hundreds and don't quote me on the figures, but it was something like ninety five percent of the people lived on a farm. And now three percent of the population takes care of our food needs. And the other ninety seven percent are pursuing something else in the city.

Daniel (03:43.96)

Right.

Tom Myers (03:54.666)

We're out here in Maine. I don't know what your life is like, where you live, but I you know, you see what a beautiful place I live in. I am governed by my computer, by my phone, right, by the daily things of the business that I'm still running at seventy six and

I could give all that up and go back to the wild. I'm not willing to do that. I really love the human experiment. In spite of all the numbsklery that is going on right now, I love the human experiment and I would like to see it continue. I do see that our bodies, our minds, and our feelings, and probably our spirit, I'm not qualified, have all been shrunk in in the last bit.

Daniel (04:35.416)

Yeah.

Tom Myers (04:38.462)

of the domestication of human beings. And so what are we gonna do about that? How do we fulfill the needs of our children, their genetic needs, and still live in an urban environment? Because I don't see we can talk about that, but I don't see how everybody rewilds.

Daniel (04:55.468)

Yep. Yeah, right. Not not in this current moment. Yeah. The situation's gotten so dire it's like we can't keep kicking the can down the road, unfortunately. I think we've like run out of like runaway for kicking the can. And so it's like we've got to start getting serious about dealing with it. There's a lot you said I want to pick apart. one of the things I'm I wonder what it would be I wonder if you've ever had the opportunity to work with

Tom Myers (04:58.454)

Not in this gun.

Daniel (05:22.464)

Indigenous people who still are somewhat close to their life way, people who you know, like y there's still some pockets in the world, right? South America, New Guinea, off the coast of India, where there is like natural humans, even uncontacted people in some of these places, which is amazing to think about. But then you're also hearing about them getting phones and internet and how quickly their life way is changing. And I I sort of imagine like if you know

If we lost all the dogs on the planet, we could go to gray wolves and tease dogs back out of that genome. Uh-huh. But what happens when all of the natural people are gone? It's like that's just like you said, lost and like w we won't know what they were even like what their bodies are even like. D do any of you or any of the therapists you've worked with have have you got to work with people who haven't spent their life in the built environment?

Tom Myers (06:15.406)

I have literally gotten to work on two or three of those people in my life. and I I don't have enough experience to say, yeah, this is what is the difference between wild humans and tame humans.

I look at a tribe, if I think about a tribe, not everybody in the tribe needed to be a hunter. Right. We needed cooks, we needed bottle washers, we needed well not bottles, but you know what I mean. there's all kinds of roles in the tribe. So I was born short-sighted when I was born in a in an era where that short-sightedness could be corrected in various ways. but if I were in a tribal life and I were short sighted, then I would be the fire keeper or something where you don't need long sight.

But you wouldn't take me out on a hunting party because I couldn't see the the quarry. And so I think that we probably had

There isn't a human that was suited to the old environment. There were lots of different kinds of humans and some people in the tribes really needed to have big muscles, but not you know Sprinters. Look at your Sprinters, they don't have big muscles. They have wiry bodies. So is there somebody in your tribe who's wiry that we can send a message over the mountain to the other village? So no I don't think there's one type that's adapted to the old life. I think there were a variety of types that were adapted to the old life and we see the remnants of those old types now.

Mm-hmm. but they're all domesticated.

Daniel (07:42.611)

Yeah. Something I've identified and I I talk about in my workshops is

I I look at the world, I look at the as the world as having like three distinct buckets or the three worlds. There's the natural environment, there's the built environment, and now there's like this digital environment. And I'm noticing that so few people are adapted anymore to the natural world. Everybody's well adapted, I shouldn't say well adapted, everyone's adapted to the built environment, and more and more, especially young people, are very adapted to the digital environment. But it's like the further you go this way, the harder it is.

is and I always note how we have all these T V shows about people who are in the wild who have to figure out how to stay alive until they can get rescued back to the built environment. Because we're now looking at the 'cause they're never about like them staying there and setting up a sustainable life. It's always like we're just to we can get rescued, right? Or something like that.

Because I think there's a deep fear of that because we're s we view our own environment as being like a foreign world kind of like as if we're astronauts and not from here, you know, and like that's the degree of the domestication. but maybe you could speak a little bit to how the built environment has reshaped us or or changed us, or maybe we haven't reshaped and it's all pathology. I'm I'm kind of curious like how you see from your unique perspective how our bodies are being impacted by the built space.

Versus the natural.

Tom Myers (09:09.656)

Good, I need to build into that just for a sec. if we go back to where there wasn't a separation between us and the rest of the natural world, we have to go back about six million years, really. and the first thing that we did, and we were discussing this earlier, we might come back to it, is stand up. And our psychobiology changed with standing up. Everybody that had our basic vertebrate structure of a spine and two sets of limbs and a head on the front.

that basic structure, the line of sight and the line of motion, and the line of the spine and the line of the digestive system are all the same, which makes sense.

Daniel (09:50.55)

When you said the line like from the beginning of the tube to the end of the tube lined up with that scene.

Tom Myers (09:54.976)

Yeah, because it gets curly Q in the middle, but but but us, we when we stood up, when we took the hip, which was really flexed, here's here's the spine of a cheetah, here is the horse, and here is the femur. The knee is right up against the ribcage. Yeah. If your knee is right up against the ribcage, you're really flexed. A horse never comes to this.

Daniel (10:15.99)

Yeah. Yeah. You try to take your dog leg like that. Sure.

Tom Myers (10:20.654)

And then it will come back. Okay. 'Cause it can't stand up on two legs. When you stand up on two legs, you take your nose away from the ground. Wow. So the world of smells

is no longer the world you live in. You need to smell fruit, you need to smell other chimps, you need to smell what's up there in the thing. But you are not down on the floor of the forest where look at your dog. I I I went walking with the dog this morning, you know, had to get the female and you know all that stuff. And we don't do that. Right. And if you put your hand on the bridge of your nose, your hand is covering your frontal lobe.

Your finger is coming down at the end of between your frontal lobe and your parietal lobe at the sagital suture. Your frontal lobe was your nose brain. Your rhine encephalon. So we didn't need so much of a nosebrain when we stood up and went up in the trees. Which we're pretty sure if you you know, I don't want to go on evolutionary theory, but

Daniel (11:10.712)

Okay.

Daniel (11:21.194)

That's the current story we're telling.

Tom Myers (11:22.474)

We see yeah, the the best story we're telling is we evolved from the old world monkeys with their collarbones. We have a collarbone too. you know, a cheetah doesn't have a collarbone. And so coming up into there we already divorced ourselves from the animal world slightly by standing up. That happened to monkeys too. And and they are somewhat social, somewhat yeah divorced from that. But that's not much of a divorce. But it really is a change of

Suddenly your spine is like this, your digestive system is like this, your line of motion is forward. So what does that do to your psychobiology? No self-respecting animal I'm not this is taking too long to set up, I'm sorry, but no self-respecting animal walks into the world with their bears all this. Their belly and their genitals and their face all up front. Yeah. Right? It's the first thing I'm gonna

Yeah, if I come is your soft underbelly. Right. You're protective. So that whole psychology of safety and protection comes in when you expose your soft underbelly to the world, which we do 16 hours a day. Right. Compared. So standing up was the first one that changed our psychobiology away from the natural. The second one came six hundred thousand years ago and that's fire.

Yeah. We're the only animal that controls fire. Right. What makes us unique? We control fire. Yeah. That came in around six hundred thousand years ago, and in archaeology and in fossil hunting you you find ashes of fires in human habitations really quickly across the globe. Fire was such a good idea for humans. Cooked food, that's another discussion. What I'm thinking about is how did it change our bodies to have fire? Well

What are you before you have a fire? You are a monkey sleeping in a cave or under some kind of shelter hoping that the saber toothed tiger finds somebody else tonight. But after you have a fire, everybody goes to sleep in complete and utter safety and peace. Two people stay up.

Tom Myers (13:29.206)

And if the saber-toothed tiger comes on, they pull a branch out of the fire, wave it at the fire. And the saber-toothed tiger says, I'll go in search of something a little easier. Mm-hmm. Yeah. So safety happens when you have fire. And then what's the second thing? What do we do around a fire? Yeah. Dance and talk. So the whole culture of these things that we're celebrating in those few tribes that are not left who are probably dancing around the fire, and maybe they have a machete and maybe they don't. But they're still

Daniel (13:44.012)

Yeah.

Daniel (13:56.834)

Some tools that might have washed up on the beach.

Tom Myers (13:59.662)

But wreckage. that us with fire really standing up is one thing, but us with fire really separates us from the thing. The lights that we're doing now are an extension of that control of fire. Okay. The third one that really affected our bodies and our movement is agriculture. Up until ten thousand years ago, you foraged for your food or you hunted for your food, as you do.

And that was ten thousand years ago that that started, but was as few as three thousand or one thousand years ago for some people.

Daniel (14:35.5)

Yeah, I often point out when we say Neolithic revolution, it sounds like everybody just got on board, but but I like to point out there's still pockets of resistance. It's not even a complete revolution yet.

Tom Myers (14:43.926)

It wasn't so good.

Yeah, it was it was took a long time, but and everybody started doing farm work. And what was that phrase that you talked before we started of each generation baseline syndrome. So once we get into the agricultural era, everybody was born into that shifted base. Everybody thought, that's how we do it.

Daniel (14:59.55)

shifting baseline similar.

Tom Myers (15:11.554)

But there's a there are whole books that are arguing this, and I'm not gonna go on very long about it. That wheat enslaved us. That rice enslaved us. That cotton enslaved us. And so these products came up out of the agricultural era. Well, what do you have when you have an agricultural era? All of a sudden you're not moving around. You're not a nomad anymore. So you need soldiers to protect your property and to protect the side all that grain. You need cats.

Daniel (15:33.198)

All that grain, yeah.

Tom Myers (15:36.468)

Which was a source of a lot of of diseases. You need cats to get the mice who were eating the rats you were eating your grain.

Daniel (15:42.446)

'Cause the rodents.

Tom Myers (15:46.006)

'cause the rodents. And so you need soldiers, merchant merchants, serfs, landowners, that whole caste system and our class system, the English class system, that's all all around

Daniel (15:57.23)

I mean I point out 'cause it's very interesting, like with Gobekli Tepe. that site they say is about fourteen thousand years old and it's kind of like the oldest site we know. And the weird thing about it is like, it was built by hunter gatherers. But the f that's what they think, but then the first wheat

Tom Myers (16:02.744)

Mm-hmm.

Daniel (16:16.332)

domestication of wheat was only like fifty miles away. And I've just like I'm like, mm ki kinda feels like they needed to figure out the wheat growing to feed the people that were doing the work because you kinda can't have people building cities all day when you hunt and gather. Like you you everybody needs it's all hands on deck when you hunt and gather. So anyway, I just would I would suggest that's the slave trade, which is the biggest it's ever been right now around the world, right? It's the largest slave trade there's ever existed right now. Yeah, there's more people enslaved right now than at any other period in

human history. There's like about fifty million people or so in in active forms of slavery, whether it's the sex trade or it's the brick making or something. You know, it's like stuff going on all over all different types, but this this trade of humans I think is f somewhat agricultural based 'cause you have all this division of labor. I'm not trying to get you off track.

Tom Myers (16:46.862)

Because of the numbers.

Tom Myers (17:07.117)

You don't wanna in a hunting gathering society you don't wanna gather a whole bunch of people that you now have to feed.

Daniel (17:11.426)

Yeah, you gotta go gather for them too. Like that's a that's a lot of work. But once you have grain and you have a surplus of food it starts to make a lot of sense. You send them out to the fields to do that while you administrate from the top, right? Right.

Tom Myers (17:14.766)

Yeah, yeah.

Tom Myers (17:24.482)

But even those people out in the fields, they are still walking to the fields, they are doing rhythmic movement most of the days, and they do varied movement also. That ends when we get to the industrial era.

And name that one when you will. Two hundred years ago for England, a hundred years ago for China, you know, fifty years ago for China, etcetera. The world is industrializing still, but we went into the industrial era where we make things. If you talked about education and the body hundred and fifty years ago, all the literature is written in the language of agriculture.

Mm-hmm. We want to have a nice crop of students. And what do we have to feed them? And how do we water them to get a nice crop of students? That is not the way they talk today. Students are a product, and we need to make sure that they go through the right industrial product processes to come out the right product. So true. And so again, it's that same thing. If the generation is born into the industrial era, you take it as the baseline.

Daniel (18:14.478)

Yeah.

Daniel (18:29.546)

And the technology always informs, I've noticed, like anatomically. I see so many of these books here. We could see it in these books like Leonardo's depicting the body as ropes and pulleys, 'cause that's the dominant technology of the time. I often joke about how when I was growing up the body was a car. You fed it the fuel to burn the fuel as a car 'cause we were thinking now everybody's like, the body's like a computer and we're hearing all about your brains, like a supercomputer. We always seem to relate ourselves rather than relate the external technology to what we're like, we

relate ourselves to the external technology of

Tom Myers (19:00.774)

And your brain is when I was starting well when Rene Descartes started this idea, the newest machine, the most exciting machine in the world in the sixteen hundreds was a vacuum tube. Mm-hmm. You like at the bank when you put that little thing over to the teller. the that's what he thought when he saw nerves. He he realized a signal was being carried up. it heats your finger and that travels up a tube and it was like a vacuum tube.

Daniel (19:15.182)

Yeah.

Tom Myers (19:28.854)

because that was the most complicated technology. When I was growing up, we had no computers, so the brain was a telephone system. It became a computer system. Then it became a dual processor and then it became a what do they call a hologram. And now I would say, in my work now that I've been doing this fift fifty years, yes I know a lot about anatomy. But a body is more like a meme than it is like a machine or even maybe like a plant.

Daniel (19:35.786)

Yeah, right.

Tom Myers (19:58.062)

At least that's what we need to explore now, the body as a meme, as a pattern.

'Cause you are not the stuff that you're made of. You the urban myth is you change your body every seven years. Change all the molecules in your body every seven years. I just recently learned that's not true. No. Most of it, you change much faster than seven years. Really? Your skin is changing all the time. You have a t all new molecules in your stomach lining every three weeks. You have a whole new liver in terms of molecules every six weeks. That's why when you're that's why when your uncle stops drinking.

Daniel (20:31.978)

In terms of cells, but in terms of molecules.

Tom Myers (20:35.008)

Yes, the molecules are changed over because your liver is rapidly turning over. But there are probably molecules in my Achilles tendon that have been there since I was twelve. Mm-hmm. Because your fascia is so inert.

Daniel (20:50.062)

Vascular up.

Tom Myers (20:50.638)

It's not vascularized, so it depends on seepage. And so those very stable collagen molecules are very stable and they stay there. And so those molecules I'll probably die with those molecules from my puberty time in my very, very, you know, thoracolumbar fascia, hilariotibule tract, Achilles tendon. Yeah. Those places that we're the fascia. So that doesn't it doesn't need to turn over. Right. It's stable.

Daniel (21:13.196)

Yeah.

Daniel (21:19.276)

Wow. What could you I'm sure you're quite good at this at this point, but for listeners who they've they hear the term fascia, I know they hear it. Everybody's talking about it. It must be cool to see. I mean I my my understanding is you learned from Ida Rolf. Yes. But then you took the work to the world in a way that she you know, did th different time. But but it must be amazing to see the impact. I don't know if from where you sit if you see it, but I mean I see it everywhere.

Tom Myers (21:41.728)

Yeah.

Tom Myers (21:49.52)

I am one of many people who are doing this.

Daniel (21:52.448)

Your bin Your book Anatomy Trains is the book everybody when you have the conversation about Maya Fascia, everybody wants to talk about your book. It's like the foundational to the to the it's like the foundational text, I think, for most of this work today. Although there are so many other incredible voices, I I not to to downplay that, but yeah, I think what you've taught about Tensegrity and about Fasha, it's was pretty revolutionary and it it's it the impact is now visible.

Tom Myers (22:19.88)

The book was published in two thousand and one, it's now two thousand and twenty-six and twenty-five years. I'm impressed with how much this idea has been taken in and taken up. And I think it it speaks to what a wonderful writer I am. And it speaks to this is the time in which holistic things are being seen. So the fascia is the fabric that holds us together. Without it

Daniel (22:34.508)

Yeah, yeah, that's

Tom Myers (22:46.316)

you would be a big puddle at your feet 'cause all the water would fall. So fascia is designed to keep your water up. Well what about my bones? Well, your bones, yes, are the s absolutely the solid thing. They're not as solid as people think they are, because they're changing all the time. Mm-hmm. Remember when we were just talking about the cells changing over, your bones actually change over quite rapidly. They've got they're full of blood vessels, so they've got so the bones change over fairly rapidly. You think that cartilage that the

Daniel (23:07.007)

Okay.

Daniel (23:12.462)

Well sorry to interrupt you, but do you think that a lot of times people are they think of a bone and they picture a baked bone that has all of the soft tissue removed so that there's just

Tom Myers (23:24.706)

This brittle thing that I found, this is a deer bone.

Daniel (23:27.778)

So people think that's what's in my body. C correct me if I'm wrong here, but if I were to take a living bone, two of them, let's say I took two identical living bones, I put one in a bottle of vinegar. Yeah. I put one in an oven. Right. Right. The one in the vinegar is gonna dissolve out all the the appetite, the calcium phosphate, and I'm gonna be left with this like rubbery tie in a knot thing.

Tom Myers (23:33.666)

Yes.

Tom Myers (23:50.838)

Let's say not say rubbery, let's say leathery.

Daniel (23:53.216)

Okay. So something you soft tissue.

Tom Myers (23:55.508)

like the leather in your belt is c mostly collagen from the skin of a cow. Okay. And the leather in your bone, you can take that if you leave it in the finger th you you'll be able to tie a knot. But it is the fascial bone. Your bones inside your body are equally both. Now it depends on your age as to whether they really are equally, but they are both. So in a young body you can bend the bones. Right.

Daniel (24:00.182)

Yeah, yeah.

Daniel (24:09.358)

Okay.

Daniel (24:20.834)

kid falls out window, bounces, no injury, and you're like, that would break me. Excuse me. Yeah. So so back to it I think a lot of times people imagine inert dead bone inside themselves. Just because they haven't seen. You know, it's really different when you again hunting is gives you such an insight because you're taking these bones out all the time and you see what they're like and they're they're so alive.

Tom Myers (24:43.522)

I'm laughing because I don't hunt the humans I take apart, but I've taken apart quite a number of

Daniel (24:47.886)

Yeah, so and you famously more of your work you famously lead cadaver labs where people get to actually disassemble formerly living humans and see these fascial connections, right?

Tom Myers (25:00.77)

Yeah, the organs, the nerves, everything. So the so to continue from there, something has to hold your blood vessels, your nerves, your organs, and the muscles on your bones has to hold it in place. So nature developed a biological fabric. That biological fabric is present in salmon, but you know that fish aren't as tough as other meat. So as soon as you walk out onto the land, mmm plants use cellulose

as their basis for what they're doing. We use collagen because it's pliable and tensilely very strong, but it's mobile. So we can use collagen as plants use cellulose as what has been for 500 years thought of as the packing material, the peanuts for your body, of just, well that's just the stuff that holds it. Get, you know, cut that away and throw it away so we can see the interesting things. Yeah. And

So because we didn't have systems thinking so much in our brain, and we were really focused on the nervous system and the circulatory system. If you look at medicine, modern, what we call modern medicine is almost exclusively focused on the circulatory system.

Daniel (26:05.877)

Yeah.

Tom Myers (26:15.02)

They can inject in here, in here, up here, up the other end, but they're getting it into your circulatory system. Food as medicine is another way of changing the chemistry. So we call it medicine, but it's almost all chemistry. Two hundred years ago, somebody, Freud, organized a science of what's going on in this set of representations in here. And you know, we went through all of this, id and superego and all the stuff that he did with the

bourgeoisie of the Vienna of the eighteen hundreds, and then now we've applied that to a much wider psychology. And the but that's that's come into a science in two hundred years. Medicine is certainly, you know, a very well developed tree of knowledge

Daniel (26:49.544)

We'll leave out his nephew for n right now.

Thanks for the floor, I dad.

Tom Myers (27:06.574)

And we have a third one which is should be built around the fascial system, but has been instead built around the musculoskeletal system. My objection to musculoskeletal system is it leaves the fascia out. And that's what's joining the muscle to the skeleton, but it's doing more than that. It's surrounding and infusing your brain. It has got a bag, oops, wrong side. It's got a bag and very fine fiber going all the way through your liver. So your fascia is

Daniel (27:14.989)

Yep.

Daniel (27:19.331)

Yeah.

Tom Myers (27:35.936)

Everywhere. Yeah. If I could make everything invisible except your nervous system, you'd see my if I made everything invisible except my own nervous system, a talent I don't have, you would see my body sitting here because there's nerves going right up to the surface. There'd be lots of them here and

Daniel (27:50.702)

Right.

Tom Myers (27:52.756)

As nerves, right? There wouldn't be so many back here. But there's plenty here. You know, the polyvagal theory or ventral vagus area is a very social area that we have a lot of nerve endings in. If I could go zap and make everything invisible except my circulatory system, you've probably seen that in body worlds, you know, where they inject the latex and you could see the exact shape of the body in the capillaries.

And nobody has done with the musculoskeletal system what we need for that third system, which is the fabric system, the fiber system. If I disappeared everything but that, you'd see my ileotibule band very clearly. If I was a woman and had breasts, they would be very it would be light and filmy because

You have to have a lot of fluid flowing through breasts. You don't want a lot of fascia, in fact. A lot of fascia in breasts is a fibrotic condition and that's what you don't want. so glands have very little fascia, the liver doesn't have a lot of fascia in it, the pancreas

Daniel (28:50.508)

You can take a liver and just pull it apart. A raw liver just it's got very little you can tell when you butcher it.

Tom Myers (28:56.118)

And a raw pancreas is hard to find. Mm in in the human sometimes. course depends on what they've been eating A lot more variation in the diet in the animals that I dissect.

Daniel (29:08.428)

Then yeah, right, that's for sure. That's for sure.

Tom Myers (29:11.978)

Anyway, the the fascia holds us together and we've certainly thought about the iliotibule band and the plantar fascia and things like that, but then you get particularized. So, my god, the bottom of my foot hurts, and somebody tells me you have plantar fasciitis. So I go and I show the doctor that plantar fasciitis. But I get much more help for plantar fasciitis almost never by working on the foot.

I will work on the foot so the client knows that I heard them and that I understand and that I do and it feels good or it doesn't feel good because they've got plantar phosphitis, but I'm gonna get the problem solved in the lower leg, in the in the deep calf muscles, in the hamstrings, or in the suboccipital muscles over here. They're all part of the superficial back line and the the kinetic chain that runs up the back of the body. so these chains are really useful in chronic things.

because your body distributes strain through the fascia.

Daniel (30:07.66)

Yeah. And it's not i the fascia's not discrete pieces. It's just one like it could be my foot's being a affected by something in my occiput because it's one large

Tom Myers (30:12.557)

No.

Tom Myers (30:20.244)

And because as we spoke earlier, we are so sure about the mechanistic description of the body that we are looking for those parts as if they were parts of a Ford F-150. Yeah. Right. Right? But we're not put together in discrete parts.

Daniel (30:35.038)

Right. If the tailpipe is the problem on your Ford F one fifty, you just replace the tailpipe, it's not like, maybe it's coming from the wheel. Right. It is a dis it is distinct part.

Tom Myers (30:43.498)

Although if you've been chasing electrical car, not not these days, but they could lead you around the body too of your car. But the the body definitely is this one thing. And plantar fasciitis is a result in the plantar fascia of strains that have been focused instead of easily distributed. So

We all know we've seen kids or you yourself, you take a bad tumble and somebody says Jesus and you go, no, I'm fine. 'Cause everything just was a tensegrity. Every everything went k choom boom. So everything moved a little and nothing moved too much. When one of these breaks, when one of these breaks, when one of these breaks, just any of the units in your body breaks, then this would be a joint and a bone and a ligament, I don't know what.

Daniel (31:22.776)

Yeah.

Tom Myers (31:38.088)

but then all of a sudden your physio or your orthopod might be focused on the joint that's broken, but it's part it's only going to work again in the context of the hole. And that's less true with acute injury because it's acute and it just happened and it hasn't distributed yet. But if you try to use the same techniques on an injury that's been there for ten years that you're using on somebody who just sprained their ankle,

Daniel (31:50.007)

Yeah.

Tom Myers (32:05.09)

you're not gonna have much fun. Yeah. Because that s tendency to sprain the ankle has distributed to the pelvis and to the chest and takes a while to get it out. Mm-hmm. Now, is coming to me for body work the only way you can get it out? No. You can use yoga, you can use CrossFit, you can use any of those things to move your body and get out of the

Daniel (32:24.822)

Can you all right? I'm gonna get real personal here. I'm a train wreck. I'm a train wreck. And I'm at a point where the problem is I love to train, right? So I've doing several hours of like steady state type cardio stuff, locomotive stuff, plus strength training, plus mobility work throughout my week. Yep. But I know I'm loading dysfunction very often. And I've got

A major twist running through me because I I rotationally broke my Tib Fib in the mountains in a winter day and had to be sort of rescued out walking on a ice axe splint. I got a cast, I didn't do any rehab. They wanted to do the bolts in my leg. I said no, just push the bones back together. I'm glad I did that, but I didn't do any physiotherapy. I was poor, I didn't know better, I d I wasn't thinking about the future, you know, I was in my early twenties. Now, like my wife ran a half marathon the other day. I can run a half marathon

But at the end, my I'm hurting. 5K, I gotta kinda stick to that zone because my hips just are so imbalanced. I it over distance it I accumulate. if I do a if I do a heavy squat, I'm just not balanced right. So I'll watch other people and it's like, man, I'm so jealous. I wish I could just do my wife is like structurally perfect. She grew up doing synchronized swimming, so she developed her whole myofascial system in the water.

Tom Myers (33:41.248)

Uh-huh.

Daniel (33:49.346)

You know, so it's like but it's like a perfect system. And I'm just all these dysfunctions. And for years I've gone to different therapists and I always two things happen. One is I I start to doubt whether they have any idea what they're doing. And the second thing is they always want me to stop training. Cause they want me to like let what they're doing be the major stimuli. And then I'm like, man, I'm really fearful at my age of losing what muscle mass I have.

Cardiovascular fitness I have. So now I'm going, I need to get fixed, and my all my methods of trying to fix myself are temporary band-aids, right? So I'm saying all this one, selfishly, but two, I'm guessing a lot of people listening to this are like, man, that's I kind of have some of that going on. And what do I do? I mean, it is like extremely uncomfortable at times in my body. I have other times where I'm okay, but I mean.

Recurring injuries, you know, recurring the same stuff over and over again. And it feels almost sometimes like kind of hopeless. Like I'm like, Am I gonna die like this? And then I talk to somebody like you, I'm like, maybe there's a what do I do? Like, where do I even start? Where's a person start who knows? Like my wife is like I said, she, you know, not like she never gets injuries, but like she's not any issues like that. But I

Tom Myers (34:53.806)

Yeah.

Tom Myers (35:08.034)

If she does get an injury, her body is set to remodel that injury, to repair that injury.

Daniel (35:13.912)

Correct. I look at myself without clothes on in the mirror, I see I'm all twisted and imbalanced. Like it's visibly obvious to me that I'm twist.

Tom Myers (35:22.456)

So I am sorry for the answer.

Daniel (35:25.739)

But we do. And it's hopelessness.

Tom Myers (35:27.692)

Because spatial medicine of the

you know, the the medicine of chemistry is pretty well developed. You can argue whether they're doing going down the right road on something. And the language of psychology is pretty developed. I think that has more to go too. But the language of our body is very poorly developed. If you go to an orthopod, you will get a surgical solution. If you come to me, you will get a manual therapy solution. If you go to your local t y yoga teacher, you'll get a yoga solution. And we haven't we all haven't started talking to each other and instead we're talking shit about each other.

Which is really, really bad, right? there are people for whom CrossFit is the cat's whiskers. There are people for whom CrossFit is not the appropriate thing. So is CrossFit good? Right. For some

Daniel (36:12.994)

But everybody thinks their thing is the solution, which is the challenge.

Tom Myers (36:16.714)

for everybody thing. And and that's not true. We need as as with medicine, not every, you know, a Zimpic isn't I don't need a Zimpic. Right, right. so just because it's the new drug on the market, I don't need to take it. Yeah. and so you have to judge for yourself. Now

If you are in this case of you're now in your forties or your fifties, you have reached the limits, you've had a couple of injuries, you recovered from them, but the body isn't what it used to be, then looking at yourself in the mirror and taking that kind of inventory is something that we don't do for our children.

Every child should get a standing bending test at seven to see whether they have an incipient scoliosis. Mm-hmm. When all those scoliosis scoliosides are discovered is when the kid's thirteen or fourteen and the growth hormone, you know, there's suddenly the bones growing, you know, they they see one sleeve is different from the other or one hem is different from the other. And so then they will go in and get a heroic terrible thing, where the spine is straightened and a rod put into it. Now that will be considered barbaric in fifty years.

Daniel (37:20.846)

Yeah, it sounds like civil war era surgery to me. That's the way.

Tom Myers (37:23.15)

Yeah, yeah, but it's it's still the choice, the treatment of choice for bad scoliosis. But if you took scoliosis at seven, we need to have this as an experiment for me to say it with the definitive that I'm saying it right now. But my strong belief is if we took children at seven and we put them through a KQ assessment, we give them an IQ assessment.

Sooner or later we're gonna give them an EQ assessment. What's your emotional intelligence? I don't know about you, but I hire for emotional intelligence. I can teach you a skill. I can't teach you this. Or it's gonna take a lot longer to teach you this. So but KQ is something, you know, that you're I I'm pointing to my bellic as the Dantien is your center of gravity, so that's the center of the fashion. K KQ meaning kinetic

Daniel (37:56.504)

So

Daniel (38:07.918)

Kinesthetic. Yeah.

Tom Myers (38:11.988)

intelligence, emotional intelligence and intellectual intelligence. And you can argue whether the IQ tests are really measured. Whew, that's a good one. Yes. But anyway Yeah, that's the that's the old matriarchal intelligence. and we see evidence of that in the body all the time. Excuse me for this little side note. In front of your organs you have an apron. It's called the omentum and it hangs from your stomach and your large intestine and it generally hangs down about as far as your pupic bone.

Daniel (38:17.774)

I might throw digestive intelligence in there too.

Daniel (38:33.069)

Yeah, the aumentum.

Daniel (38:40.45)

Hunters call it the call fat. The call fat? Yeah, that's like in the d if you're gonna cook with it, it's the call you can wrap it's fatty, so you can wrap meat in it and

Tom Myers (38:48.142)

Routinely if somebody's had a surgery they just cut it off. And out, yeah. You don't need it. It's like your gallbladder, you don't need it. Anyway, when we open up, so sometimes the omentum is gone, when the omentum is there, it will have migrated to the organ in trouble. It will be over here on the small intestine or up on the liver or over here on the spleen. It's amazing. It moves.

Daniel (38:52.047)

my gosh, and out?

Daniel (38:57.802)

Really?

Tom Myers (39:17.184)

And it moves to the organ in trouble because fat is the mother of the body, so this is a very fatty, as you just pointed out, organ. And it goes to the organ in trouble and wraps it in fat cells, which are healing cells. Your body is doing its best to maintain the equilibrium. It's just we feed it and we live in an environment that doesn't support it.

Back to your problem that I do agree with you is a universal thing. I'm very lucky, I get a lot of body work and I think a lot about these things, so I'm seventy six and I feel pretty sprout.

Daniel (39:52.674)

You look amazing and you move really well and you it's it's incredible, like it shows, you know, like your aging strategy is obviously working.

Tom Myers (40:00.162)

But I've been lucky. I you know, other people are under such stress or, you know, have children in trouble or parents in trouble or finances in trouble or relationships in trouble that they don't have the leisure to keep themselves this way. So I I feel lucky in that way. but I do

think it's really, really possible to keep yourself much more mobile. I I'm I'm seventy five, I would still call myself middle aged in terms of not not in terms of my face or my skin, but in terms of of moving about. I I just don't have that much

Daniel (40:32.034)

You picked her foot up and showed it to the to the camera. That's not a typical thing that people do in their seventies.

Tom Myers (40:37.45)

but you have to find a good worker from the outside. It is very hard to do these things from the inside so far. Mm-hmm. there are books like Kelly Starrett's or mine or others that you might look at to say, Okay, how how could I look better or how could I train better or what could I what am I missing? But for to unravel the kinds of twists and turns that you're talking about, there is no exercise program for

Daniel (41:06.188)

And we have sorry to interrupt you here, but I feel like I have a tremendous amount of blind spots. So like I feel like I need somebody who can see it from the outside because from inside, it's like if we're talking about my emotional issues. It's like, well, it's very hard for me to pinpoint them all. I know some of but the ones I'm blind to, I don't know because I'm blind to. So the patterns are like

Tom Myers (41:24.992)

I'm gonna interrupt you now, because it's exactly the same thing in the body. You have, let's call them number one areas. They're available to me when I wake up in the morning and I can do this, right? but if I fix my arm here, I can actually get a much better range of motion out of my pectoral by doing this. Call that area that got stretched a number two area. So this is my number one, but

Daniel (41:51.532)

It's not under muscular control. It's range that

Tom Myers (41:54.178)

You have but I have to have an outside force to make it stror, Christian. This is how far I can open my legs. This is where I'm screwed up. as a number one. Anything from here, I'm starting to go. And if if you said that's all in your mind, Tom, if only you could let that go, you too could do this.

Daniel (42:16.494)

Yeah.

Tom Myers (42:17.982)

The yoga teachers in your class. If I did those splits, I would be in the hospital. Mm-hmm. Because I would tear my perforating arteries that are going through to my adductor magnus. It's there is this tissue and there really it doesn't. And it's real. And it's real. And it gets thicker where you broke your bone. Okay. It's gonna involve the muscular tissue. There'll be more fascia, scar tissue in

You broke the bones because that tissue was disturbed, and then you put it in a cast, you didn't have the same experience. so you're

Daniel (42:50.476)

Muscles are different, right? Like look correct me if I'm wrong here. Sure. Some of the tone in a muscle is because individual fibers are firing to keep that tone. If I get more tone, it's because I have more muscles, fibers that are firing at any given time that keep that muscle under tone, right? But then I have some psychological control over that. So if I'm stressed and tense, I might feel like I'm so tight, but actually could let some of that go by just

Tom Myers (43:16.942)

Yes.

Daniel (43:18.188)

But the connective tissue, once it's fixed in place, that isn't under that same kind of enervative control, right? So it needs to either be manually stretched or moved.

Tom Myers (43:28.494)

Yeah, you can use tools, you can use somebody else's hand, you can use a doorknob, you can

Daniel (43:34.444)

Yeah, right, right, right. yoga is But I can't just relax it mentally. It needs to be remodeled.

Tom Myers (43:40.672)

You there is nothing you can do to remodel the fascia from your mind, except to let go of tension, and that will cause the fascia to remodel or

Daniel (43:44.162)

Yeah, okay.

Daniel (43:49.43)

Over longer stretches of time.

Tom Myers (43:52.338)

if I do this to you guys, sorry. if I hold my pelvis out in front of my feet, right? Mm-hmm, I cannot stand here without tension in the back of my legs. So I'm exporting that signal to the back of my legs. It also has something to do with the fact that I was born into the wrong family, so I'm alert all the time. So it has an emotional thing to it.

And we tend to do that exporting to our body with any of the stress that we have. It doesn't stay around in I know you think it's staying around in the mind, but it's being exported down to your body. So I'm strong and really common one, right? So people take their poor rib cage and they go and they feel weak and they go, No, I'm strong.

Daniel (44:42.22)

Right.

Tom Myers (44:42.798)

Right? So I've just recruited a whole bunch of muscles here, and to maintain that thing that I'm really strong, Daniel, I really I am strong, I have to export tension, export signals from my brain that ends up being tension in the muscles. The fascia says, Okay, if you're going to stand with your pelvis way forward and your ribcage raved back.

You don't want muscles to do that 'cause you're not using them as muscles. You're using them as straps. And your body will fibroblast, the one that make the fascia, will come and lay down more fascia and just like

Daniel (45:17.494)

Just like with bones. Remodels so instead of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, fibroblasts and fibroclasts that will so if if y'all if I have tension on there, it'll lay down more fiber, so I don't need to hold the tension. It will hold the tension. And if I start to change that pattern, will osteoclasts come in and remove some of that fiber? we don't, okay.

Tom Myers (45:36.808)

We don't have fibroclasts. So just for listeners who may be familiar with this technology terminology, osteoblasts make bone and osteoclasts eat bone. And they're not the smartest bulbs in the chandelier, so they only have this one commandment. And the osteoblasts have one commandment, thou shalt make bone under the periosteum.

So maybe I have plantar fasciitis where I tear my fascia. That's plantar fasciitis. A lot of people will tell you I got plantar fasciitis right here on the front of my heel. That, the plantar fascia, becomes the saran wrap around the bone. The periosteum around the bone, it's the same. We divide it into two different things. God didn't it's even through the heel bone, but let's leave that alone for while now. If this gets pulled off the heel bone,

Daniel (46:23.982)

Yeah.

Tom Myers (46:33.292)

This hand is the heel bone. My arm is the plantar fascia. This hand is the perosteum around the bone. Okay, I tug, tug, tug, tug, tug, tug on the plantar fascia. I pull the perosteum away from the bone. And there are these cells in here, the osteoblasts, and they say, God told us, fill in under the perosteum cell. They fill in under the periosteum and they build a bone spur. There's nothing painful about a bone spur.

Daniel (46:55.682)

Yeah.

Tom Myers (46:58.792)

It's your lateral plantar nerve coming in on the side that happens to be under that, so when that bone grows, you're stepping on a nerve. We have to solve that problem. Right. But it's not the bone space.

Daniel (47:09.354)

So okay, I always thought bone osteoclasts laid down bone. Osteoblasts. I feel like they should be when I hear blast I think that should be removed. Okay. So osteoblasts, I always thought that they laid down bone wherever there was a piezoelectrical charge from the crystal of the bone being deformed. That's what I believe.

Tom Myers (47:13.953)

yes.

Tom Myers (47:18.958)

That's the yeah, okay.

Tom Myers (47:29.206)

They will lay down more calcium appetite in the areas where there's compression and they will lay down more collagen where there are areas of tension, because tension goes through your bones too. Right? So they're but the osteoblasts are mainly responsible to responsive to the space under the periosteum. So your scap your scapula starts life as a bag and the osteoblasts come in there and fill up the bag until there's scapula.

Daniel (47:54.51)

Fabulous.

Daniel (47:58.573)

Wow.

Tom Myers (47:59.01)

The long bones are different, but mm but some of these bones. Osteoclasts again, not the brightest bulbs in the chandeliers, so they're sent forth also with one commandment of

That bone which is not pressurized of that thou mayest eat. But the bone that is pressurized of that thou mayest not eat. And so when you load your bones with the training and the exercise that you're doing, which if you came to me, and we still haven't gotten to the osteopaths and body workers who could deal with these problems, but that's really what you have to do, is to go into somebody else to look at your number three areas, the areas you don't know at all.

I know my number one areas. If I have a pain in my number one areas, that's easy to find. Number two, send me two yoga. man, that really needs stretching. That's a number two. I don't move the number three areas. Yeah. Like like when I was trying to do the splits. Those are number three areas. I don't know. Right, so it's really hard to know your blind spots 'cause you're looking.

Daniel (48:52.59)

Blind spots to your nervous system.

Tom Myers (48:57.55)

So somebody else, this is still the answer to your question of what do I do at 50 when I've got these nagging things, is get to somebody who knows that. There are wonderful chiropractors. There are chiropractors who will just knock your bones and tell you to come back next week. There are osteopaths who have become doctors and will hand you another prescription. There are osteopaths who really know their business in terms of manipulation, osteopathic manual manipulation.

And there are various massage therapists and sports therapists and who have gone and gotten extra knowledge of fascia and muscle and nerve and joint and everything that you it's not just fascia that you need to know about, right? It's the whole shmir. And then then there's people. You know, okay, I see the problem with this person, but he's already out there in the woods. Now how could I take the style that this man has and add something that would get him

Towards I'm sorry, I'm looking at you to get that L five and L four to come up out of your pelvis a bit.

Daniel (50:00.778)

No. Is that that specific to me? What you just said? thank you. Give me something to work with, yeah.

Tom Myers (50:06.454)

show you before we meet. but that's that's a thing that's really hard to do for yourself 'cause you you have spent your lifetime not knowing those places. And

Daniel (50:15.254)

Yeah. That's what I'm I'm like one of the hardest okay, one let me reframe that. One of the lessons that's hitting me the hardest in my late forties is how serious the problem of not knowing what you don't know is. You know, when you're young and so full of hubris like you don't even care really, but now I'm like

I've had this experience so many times where you realize that you didn't know what you didn't know and how like foolish you feel after where you're like, my goodness, I had no idea how blind I was to all of this. And now I'm at this place where I'm becoming aware that these things are there and I know there's a whole bunch of things I don't know and I'm not sure like, yeah, like what do I do?

Tom Myers (50:56.958)

And people the the problem with the contemporary therapists and the can even contemporary trainers is that they will listen to their clients and do what the client says. Mm-hmm. If the client had the right analysis, they wouldn't have to come to you. They would have solved the problem. So I listen to what my clients say and I don't believe a word of it.

Daniel (51:13.944)

Peace.

Tom Myers (51:14.838)

Because if they had the right story they wouldn't need me. Mhm. And they do need me, so they don't have the right story. So how can I what can I add to that story? 'Cause some of it's right obviously. Mm-hmm. But some of it's not getting there. So you know the things that you know and you know the things to do, but you don't know the places that you don't know in the in the

Mm-hmm. This vast territory, which is your body. I must say, I I just gotta put this in here as an apropos of nothing, which is that I've been 50 years in this and I am nowhere as close to the bottom. Wow. My brother is a painter and he's now eighty-five, I think, and he's still painting. God, I hope I get to the bottom of this before my day. It goes everywhere. My other brother is a musician on the organ and and

God, I still hope I can get these eighty two and he can I get this Bach thing right? Yeah. And I play in kinesthesia, not in visual or auditory, but I play in this in this one. And I'm not a dancer, I'm a terrible dancer, I'm a terrible sports person. I would probably flag if we went out in the woods and I tried to do what you do on a daily basis. But that

I have not finished playing in that thing at all. I have not gotten to the bottom of it all. I just go into work and most of my work is teaching now, not practicing.

Daniel (52:39.342)

I thought I had it all.

Tom Myers (52:47.008)

It's going to change the world with my wonderful Rolfing thing that I had gotten from Hyder Rolf and You start out that way. It's you need to start out that way. Yeah. Doctors start out that way. You know, you there's this incredible hubris from a lot of doctors, not all of them, coming out of medical school. I'm sorry, you just had a training. You haven't started your career yet.

Daniel (53:08.811)

how many patients have you had?

Tom Myers (53:11.982)

and they get a lot. They get a lot in the medical training, but it it's also within a a particular frame that I'm very glad not to have to work in that frame. and if I were working in emergency medicine, you'd have to work in that frame. It's time is of the essence. But with these chronic things, we would have the time to and I wish everybody would undertake this, but right now it's expensive, not paid for by your insurance, etc. But

Daniel (53:20.333)

Yeah.

Tom Myers (53:38.114)

Puberty is a great time to go through your body. I would love to see Rolfing as I learned it as a puberty right. Yeah. People would go through a series of sessions as part of going into high school or part of eighth grade or something like that, that when all those hormones are going on that you even out the body, that you show people their number three places, and that that happens sometime around puberty and then

Daniel (54:02.895)

could you give us like the haiku version of like what a what rolfing like what's a complete rolfing session or or series of sessions?

Tom Myers (54:11.404)

Yes. roughing is deep body work. It's has a reputation for being way too deep. That's the one where they scrape your muscles off the bones and make you scream about your mother. that is n that's a fair enough characterization of what we were doing in the nineteen seventies, but it's not a fair characterization of what we're doing now. We're really anatomically cognizant and

movement cognizant and we're trying to have people be able to use their bodies. we haven't even started talking about this yet, but when you're out in the wild you're really talking about Homo sapiens. I don't think we're talking about Homo sapiens anymore. I think that we have domesticated ourselves along with the chickens and the cats and the dogs and the horses and the cattle. I agree. And the goats and the sheep. We we got all those species that we're amenable to

Daniel (55:00.056)

Yeah.

Tom Myers (55:00.939)

being fed by us and now we're enslaved to them or whatever. cats have taken over the world.

Daniel (55:08.526)

Yeah. They've got the easiest ride of all the domestic animals.

Tom Myers (55:12.282)

Build hospitals for

Anyway, I think that we're dealing with a different species now of Homo domesticus, simply and and I don't know enough about genes to know whether the genes have changed. I do know the epigenetics have changed substantially. And a really easy example of that is our jaws are being torn more narrowly than they used to be. There's the theory that we used to chew much more on unprocessed foods.

So that n you would never have gotten flour that was ground down to the what you got now, you'd be chomping your bread.

Daniel (55:48.214)

My dentist and I have a joke that I have the teeth of a hunter gatherer 'cause I've used them as tools because that's the other thing is you you know, you're working a hide, you're working a sti you you're constantly using it as a as a third hand which we don't do as much of now 'cause we have so many tools. But like they be they get used. Uhhuh. They get used. that's so the jaw gets used, right? So

Tom Myers (55:59.746)

Third hand.

Tom Myers (56:09.024)

Their jaw gets used, but that's one theory and we can go off on how how soft our food is. and maybe whether babies should have harder food. They're giving plastic things for babies to chew on. Give me a break. Just give a carrot. Chew on.

Daniel (56:24.174)

Where will they get their BPA though?

Tom Myers (56:29.294)

I'm sorry, I lost the thread, but we're

Daniel (56:33.198)

I think we were talking about you were talking about how puberty is a great time.

Tom Myers (56:37.806)

no, there's a but there's a second reason that jaws could be narrow, which is when you domesticate an animal, their jaws get narrower. Yep. Look at a bison, look at a cow. Mm-hmm. Jaws narrow. Look at a wolf, look at a dog. Look at a lion, look at a domesticated cat. We don't have pictures of people back there, but we have post tribes that you were talking about that are just barely met or as yet unmet in the Amazon or or

out in Indonesia somewhere. But so we don't really know what those people are looked like. But we can be pretty sure from the jaws that we saw, the guy who wrote Exercise, Daniel Lieberman, his first thing was he went to Harvard. He was an anthropologist. He said, Well, Harvard has a lot of skulls, so I'm gonna study skulls. So he studied skulls and wrote a book called The Evolution of the Head, which if you want to go to sleep is a really But I've gotten a lot from it.

Daniel (57:31.97)

Yeah, we're called book.

Tom Myers (57:36.718)

And what he found was hunter-gatherers needed no orthodontists. Hunter-gatherers needed no dentists. There were a few people with carries. There were a few people with crooked teeth. That was a potential, but it wasn't the norm. Now almost every American child needs a ten thousand dollar smile. Mm-hmm. Twenty thousand dollar.

Daniel (57:59.512)

Don't in England though for some reason. They just roll with it. They just roll with D.

Tom Myers (58:05.644)

But don't think that the cup of tea and the bickeets didn't

Daniel (58:07.886)

but yeah, but I always think of that as like we we know its dysfunction, so we correct it, right? And then it gives it it's like a band-aid, it's like cover up for degenerative processes. Dem do you think it's fair to say d domestication's a degenerative process, or do you feel like it's an evolutionary process?

Tom Myers (58:11.864)

Ha ha.

Tom Myers (58:32.978)

I I just haven't seen the end of it, so I don't know whether it's a degenerate. I think we have

lost contact. I I I want to be careful of judgment. Yep. I don't have judgment on the modern world. It's not suited to the genes we were born with. So the problem, as I state it, looking at urban person and what is the design capable of, what can we do in an urban environment to bring those closer together? They probably will not ever

Daniel (59:06.718)

Actually match. But we could be it would be great if our society was less of a factory farm and more of a zoo. Right? Because like when you put an animal in the zoo, you try to at least recreate the conditions. You know, you create little habitats, little waterfalls, plants that they might have, diet that's like their diet. In the factory farm, it's like

concrete floor, you don't care because you're you only want them for two years or whatever. You don't want like the zoo, you want the animal to live as long as possible. The farm you're like just want to extract maximum product, right? So you're it's you try to cheapen everything as much as possible and make for efficiency. And when I look at what we're doing, it's like, hey, we're factory farming ourselves, not creating a zoo for ourselves.

Tom Myers (59:50.008)

God, I was lamenting the zoo. You'd just taken it one farther. We have to get ourselves out of the zoo and re wild ourselves.

Daniel (59:57.972)

I think of a zoo as actually like a pretty friendly environment. Biologically for the animal it's not perfect, but at least there's an attempt to make it seem like the conditions so the animal can be healthy and you know, I I do think some of us are lucky enough to live on more of a like this is a much more of a free range human farm out here. Yes. And if I lived in Manhattan it'd be like, that's like in high intensive high intensity factory farming of people.

And you're like, what's the product? Well it's like all kinds of things, but it's certainly taxation, it's labor, it's AI. Yeah. Exactly. How many how much cattle do we need now that we have AI? But but anyway, to your point, I I do agree with you. Like I just wonder if it's degenerative, because it's like you see these the neotony that you have in animals that are domesticated, but also things like you're talking about like with a like a pug. You're like, well that doesn't seem like it's moving trending in a good direction. No.

Tom Myers (01:00:52.795)

Hybridized animals, hybridized plants, we've seen a lot of that. Hi hybridization in plants works a lot better. but reducing the genome

Daniel (01:01:02.222)

Correct, till you get to it really and and I think what used I guess one of the things that I think about sometimes is the city state used to do this thing where it would go out and it would pillage the countryside. It would rape and pillage, which would infuse the city state with genetics from And so you would get a reinfusion of strong genetics.

Tom Myers (01:01:20.654)

Okay.

Daniel (01:01:25.07)

It's like you raise chickens long enough, sometimes you gotta like go get some other varieties and bring them in to like infuse the genetics. We've kinda we're kinda like running out of people to do that with. You know, so like where does it do we end up looking like gray aliens at the end of this? You know what I mean? Like are do we if we follow this trend line long enough and adapt because the gray alien looks really adapted to the world we're building.

Tom Myers (01:01:49.602)

The gray alien looks really adapted to the world we're building. Okay, I'll I'll take that.

Daniel (01:01:53.516)

Right? Like no no genitals, no like digestive track, huge eyes, long touch screen fingers, like everything looks like it's you know, for the digital and built environment, you know, like right, not an efforting environment. Exactly. Yeah.

Tom Myers (01:02:06.456)

Not an efforting environment.

Tom Myers (01:02:11.854)

Yep. So training now is saying, Well, you don't effort enough so come into the gym and we'll effort you correct

Daniel (01:02:18.314)

And and I just I put out some videos recently saying, like, hey guys, we we need to like read and do math and, you know, maintain some of these skills because the Industrial Revolution replaced your labor with machine labor and then, like you said, now we have to run on the hamster wheel. We all have experienced cognitive diminishment from technology tremendously, especially in memory is where I'm I'm doing a lot of memory work now because I'm realizing my memory's going away because

Tom Myers (01:02:46.094)

You don't have to.

Daniel (01:02:47.316)

And now Google's changed so much. It used to be I search, it gives me web pages, I have to still, it's like going to the library. Now I'm asking Google really specific questions and getting answers, and I'm noticing that because the answers are available, I don't really remember everything it's telling me anymore. And and I saw that happen with phone numbers, and I saw that happen with all kinds of information. So yeah. In the Gray Alien, interestingly, you know that's

Tom Myers (01:03:05.005)

Well.

Tom Myers (01:03:14.254)

Very narrow jaw and a very wide head. Very neotony, as you say. It's we we we tend to make our aliens like big babies.

Daniel (01:03:21.186)

Yeah, like a big fetus.

Daniel (01:03:25.646)

Big baby. Wow, I hadn't thought about that. That is neotony.

Tom Myers (01:03:29.122)

So there's the question of whether we should define this term neotony for your listeners, maybe they're but neotene is to hold on to young characteristics into the adult phase. So a chimp goes through a

Daniel (01:03:35.638)

It's good too.

Tom Myers (01:03:45.356)

period where it looks like a human baby before it gets all the hair to make it look like a chimp. So we're neotinized chimps. We get pulled out of the womb at nine months when we really should be in the womb for sixteen to eighteen months for a full development.

But we're born with our bones unfinished and our brain is going to double in size. Well, you ask any mother whether she wants to put that brain through the bottom of her body when the brain is double in size. This is one of the things where the mother won and the baby has to leave after nine months, because that's as much head as is going to get through the bottom of that pelvis. sort of between walking and and birthing, we have this equation. And so we do a lot of our embryological development out.

Daniel (01:04:28.672)

Outside the body. Wow.

Tom Myers (01:04:30.318)

And so one of the things that I'm going for now in in my later career, since Fasha, as you pointed out, has pretty well established itself is how we treat our mothers and babies. As a very well-educated and body working 35-year-old person, my we are getting ready to have our baby and after several miscarriages, etc.

But finally she was coming and so we were around babies a lot and somebody would hand me a baby and I would go, that's so cute and look full. I don't know how to I don't know about this little thing, it's all squeaky. So I had the best education money could buy, Harvard the rest of it. I didn't know how to hold a baby. How s high you know my education was really lacking. Right. When we took my baby to Bali, and she was by that time

Daniel (01:05:03.268)

What to get the

Tom Myers (01:05:23.904)

twenty nine, I think thirty pounds or twenty eight pounds or something of just pure fat. She was wonderful. She looked like the Michelin with all of this. I could hand her off to any four year old in Bali. Yep. Secure that that four year old would know exactly how to hold a baby, would not drop it, would be very careful, and indeed was. She we passed her off to all kinds of people in Bali, even little kids, because everybody can hold a baby there.

Daniel (01:05:31.422)

Okay.

Daniel (01:05:50.798)

That's a harsh indictment on humanity.

Tom Myers (01:05:52.6)

Wow. On my loving parents who did the very best for me, you know, but but I was isolated. I didn't have that thing. And so we should are there basic you talked about math, and I think there are basic human skills that we haven't thought we had to put in, but we do. Have you seen a dead person? So many of the people who come to our dissections have never seen a dead person before.

Daniel (01:06:17.1)

Yeah, yeah, I people most people don't see anyone born or anyone die.

Tom Myers (01:06:22.752)

And those are two things that happen in a hospital that are not pathological. There are two things that happen in a hospital that are not pathological, birth and death. They are both physiological processes. And birth has been medicalized? You have a condition called pregnancy. Would you like an abdominal extraction or a vaginal extraction? Any minute now. The so that's a problem that it's that birth has been medicalized and then death also, you know.

I went I had to go into the hospital locally where I was born to find out what time I was born for my astrology, but I went and I was looking through the death records and it's back then, nineteen forty nine, natural causes, old age, pneumonia, just the things that take old people out. Mm-hmm. But go live go read the death certificates, no. Cardiopulmonary failure, brain failure, renal failure, hepatic failure. It's always a failure. Yeah. And it's always a failure when somebody dies.

Daniel (01:07:16.686)

Apologize.

And many of those causes of death w were called natural death before, right? That's what you're saying? So you're like now they're pathologizing at all. Like you're not supposed to die but something

Tom Myers (01:07:31.2)

Right. It's a failure when you die. So I'm not gonna go to a hospital to die 'cause I I have every every intention that my death is gonna be a complete success.

Daniel (01:07:37.986)

Man, I I I had a really unique experience a few years ago. my wife has a f a ha a s a friend of the family, basically like a somebody in a family member almost, very close, and he outlived everybody around him and you know, he was in his late nineties and just he was starting to be feel like he was a burden on his his daughter and he's in Canada so he opted for medical suicide, I think they call it. That maids program. I don't wanna

sp making judgments on that program, but I he invited us to his death, you know? So I go to this thing and I don't I don't really know this, like I'm new to this family, so everybody's very close and I'm just the sort of like, this is just like observational for me in a weird way, you know? And I had never really watched someone die. I've watched a lot of animals die, but I had never watched a human being die. And

You know, they came in, it was a nurse and a doctor, and they had to like speak to him real quick, make sure he's under his own, you know, this is a decision he's making. And it was a series of crazy injections with all kinds of different sized needles, and one by one they just deactivated him and I watched him die. And it occurred to me, like I don't know where we come from and where we go, but I think people would wonder about that a lot more if they watched it.

And we would talk about it a lot more if we watched it. And there's something about taking that away from human view helps to reduce the world to cogs and wheels and belts and pulleys or or a a completely materialistic worldview because we're not exposed to the fact that people are coming in here from somewhere and people Does that make sense? Like like you

Tom Myers (01:09:23.608)

Going back out somewhere. Somebody stop

Daniel (01:09:27.38)

Yeah, well it's just like is there a portal? Like how do we you know what I mean? There's something really interesting about if you sequester away birth and death. It just it just takes it like this is the big important stuff.

Tom Myers (01:09:39.106)

Yes, and people have I think in the materialist society and in the internet thing there is this sense of living forever. Mhm. I have a lot of people out on the west coast who think if they have the right diet and they do the right exercises they're gonna cheat death. Well good luck, brother.

Daniel (01:09:53.683)

Yeah. I always go like, hey, you ever think about native people who lived here like four hundred years ago? No glyphosate, no right no heavy metals, no perfect diet, perfect exercise, all the sunlight, they're doing all the things. They still just died at the end. Like you you think you're g in in this toxic soup you're living in with all this dysfunction, you're gonna eat your way to immortality? Like I used to think it too, but it seems really silly now.

Tom Myers (01:10:19.938)

Does it I I see these people trying to balance themselves out with doing everything on the right side that they do on the left side and your organs your liver's over here, it's heavier, your stomach's over here, it's heavier or lighter depending on whether you ate recently. it's the the whole thing of you are never going to be in balance. We this this was my youthful

Daniel (01:10:32.098)

Later.

Daniel (01:10:36.95)

Yeah, right.

Tom Myers (01:10:46.506)

Stupidities, you thought you were gonna live forever if you ate the right things. I thought I was gonna achieve postural enlightenment and then nothing would bother me anymore because I would be in a state of satory and everything would that isn't the thing. Yeah.

Daniel (01:10:54.862)

Nothing.

Tom Myers (01:11:02.498)

The thing is to be able to be resilient when life hits you upside the head 'cause life is gonna hit you upside the head and if it doesn't, I'm kinda sorry for you 'cause those are the things that build your character and build your kid's character and preach let you know about your relationship in a much deeper way and things like that. So I don't want to not I d I thought I was going to achieve this place where I wouldn't be buffeted. And then I realized, no, I just wanna be strong and Yeah.

resilient when I'm buffeted, so that this these models are kind of good thing. You you get the twist that happens in life and then the strain comes off and you come back. Mm-hmm. And that's what you're talking about in that the fifty year old. You got a strain and then it didn't come back. Yeah. So then the question is what happened to the joints, what happened to the muscles, and that's where I I find it hard to give one nice piece of advice to everybody with these things. And finding somebody good in your town.

Daniel (01:11:42.796)

Yeah, I'm stuck in the strain.

Tom Myers (01:11:56.074)

Mm-hmm. I don't care who they are. Psychologist, acupuncturist, osteopath, body worker, find the person who's really busy in your town and go see them. Mm-hmm. And doesn't matter what they do, and listen to them. And then if they can't sort sort your problems out, say, Well, who would you see? Because people who are busy refer. And people who are busy usually have a good referral network. So I go to this acupuncture.

The problem is your lower back is probably not gonna yield to acupuncture. Might, but might not. But she knows a really good osteopath. yes, he's forty miles away. You wouldn't have heard about him, but she knows him.

Yeah. So building getting a referral network, you you you are we are not in a place now where there is a place that you can go and get this sorted out for yourself and send a picture of yourself in and maybe there will be, you know, you get a three D scan and it'll go into some AI and it'll come back with a a program for you. We're not there yet. Mm-hmm. And so for those of us with deep things in our bodies that we say, Okay, I don't wanna go into old age with this. Yeah. I wanna see if I can get this out. There are some things you c

You know, we can't unbreak your tibia and fibula. Something happened there. However, we can go in there with a fine tooth comb and comb out the tissue. And in my own case, because I broke my leg in a similar way, and when five years later I showed up at my first raughing, he said, When did you break your leg? And I went, how did you see that? And of course I can see that all the time now. but it's you you have to go at scar tissue the same thing you it's

Like your kid got gum in their hair. Mm-hmm. You're not gonna take their hair and a brush. Right. You're gonna take a little bit of hair and a little brush and you're gonna take it out a little bit of time. When you talk about the fascial gunk that has gunked up around an injury, we're in the same kind of thing. We're going in there with a short bristle brush and we're getting the gum out of the hair and hopefully it will be, you know, flowy and and easily letting fluids through it and yet still resilient enough to to handle the forces.

Daniel (01:14:04.334)

I wanna ask another fascia question, but I would just wanna leave a pin and we were we got s talking about birth and death there and I w wanna make sure we come back there. I'm wondering where the current science is in fascia stuff. I saw an article sitting over there. I believe the title is Fascia is able to actively contract and may thereby influence musculoskeletal dynamics. I hear things about fascia as a communication network.

Tom Myers (01:14:29.388)

Yes.

Daniel (01:14:30.38)

W what do we know now like you said, initially it was thought of as like packing peanuts. I know as a butcher, you're mostly cutting it away. Unl unless you're gonna, you know, braise a cut, yeah. Right? Where I can I can turn that stuff into like soft gelatin, then it's like supremely lovely to eat. But otherwise you're always trimming it away, it goes in the dog food pile, you know? And it there is a tendency that you know, they often call it in butchery silver skin. And you think of it

Yeah. You think of it as sort of like not really useful material. I definitely don't look at it and think of it as

I guess when I I don't know what it does outside of its holding the body together. I'm curious if we're now I'm curious. I keep he yeah, you're right. You're right, of course. But is there more? 'Cause I keep hearing things. I keep hearing rumblings that it does more. Yes. But yeah, that that's a that's pretty good.

Tom Myers (01:15:13.07)

Yeah.

Tom Myers (01:15:23.386)

that's pretty good. So I I would say a couple of things. The silver skin that you see under the skin of an animal is also a muscle attachment for every surface muscle that you've never seen in an anatomy book. All your litissimus, your trapezius, your obliques are your abdominals are all tied into that silver skin. We take the silver skin off, and that's where we start the anatomy book.

Daniel (01:15:52.172)

Yeah, so when people see that chart of the red guy standing there, all all that's been removed. Silver skin doesn't Except you they'll leave it in the like the lumbars. You'll see a little white okay, not not the silver skin, which is the exterior.

Tom Myers (01:16:00.123)

That's underneath. That's still not It's called the fascia profundus because it's

Daniel (01:16:07.724)

Okay. So it's a specific type. Okay. Under specific

Tom Myers (01:16:10.494)

specific layer and it goes it's a unitary it goes all over your body and it's sometimes it kind of melts into the other layers where you you can't find it. but it's all over the body it's a developmental layer and the skin goes on top of that.

So you have the silver skin, then well you know this is a hundred. Then you have the fat layer, which is actually two layers, one that's more lymphatic and one that's more neurological. And then you have the skin layers, which is a very thin panicular fascia to which the skin cells are attached. And I believe, don't quote me, I think you have about six hundred layers of skin cells and two hundred two hundred of them are dead. So the only part of you and I that are looking at each other that's living is the part that we keep wet.

Daniel (01:16:54.179)

Yep. Right.

Tom Myers (01:16:56.396)

The rest of it has about two hundred layers of skin. And if you, you know, hit the road and your skin weeps but doesn't bleed, you went down past the dead skin level. Yeah. So when you say you're exfoliating, you're maybe taking seventy-five of those two hundred layers off. You've still got a whole layer of dead cells on there. And if you did what they did in Clockwork Orange and hold your eyes open, your eyes would you wouldn't see for very long. Because you're your eye all the cells on the surface of your eyes.

Daniel (01:17:07.478)

Living skin.

Daniel (01:17:24.27)

Start dying. Yeah. Wow. Yeah. I was wondering, yeah, is there communication, is there hormonal, is there anything going on in the fascia that is beyond its structural component?

Tom Myers (01:17:27.65)

We were going on

Tom Myers (01:17:36.696)

Okay. Hormones and fascia are just now being studied because most of the studies are done on men whose hormone picture is so much more constant constant than women. So now, fortunately, the research is being is beginning to work on it and we're looking at people who have very soft fascia like ligamentous laxity or

Ailer Stanloth, that's a condition that's that seems to be a genetic condition of the fascia, but there are all kinds of things that lead to that, and we're just getting into that. So hormones and fascia, chemistry in general, your chemistry, blood type and things like that, how it affects the fascia, that's an area of research we're just going into now. We know hormones affect fascia. Now, in spite of the title of the article that you just read, fascia doesn't actively contract very much.

The active contraction in fascia, and I kinda hesitate to say this because then people go out and say fascia contract. If you cut a wound, the because the fascia is tensile, the two sides of the wound will spread apart. And then they get proud on either side, and then over the then it covers over, and then over the days you see it

Daniel (01:18:43.102)

Yeah.

Tom Myers (01:18:49.836)

being pulled back together. That's fascial cells reaching out and grabbing onto the fascia, reaching out and grabbing onto the fascia, and within the limits of what cells can do, pulling that fascia back together. So wound healing is one of the few places that we know that there's active contraction of the fascia. Dupatrance contracture, where you sometimes see in

Daniel (01:19:07.31)

Okay.

Tom Myers (01:19:11.946)

Older women, you see nodules and their fingers are like this, I can't open the hand. That is maybe some of these cells that do this active contraction going crazy in the hand for reasons we don't know. Happens on the foot too. but fascia is really responding to your muscles.

But your muscles in gravity. Your muscles in physics, but mostly gravity, right? So to g hold myself up here, if you said, Tom, relax and I really did relax and sit in the chair, right? I need some tonus in my muscles to say that. except that our brains put out a lot of extra tension.

Daniel (01:19:41.538)

I I think

Tom Myers (01:19:51.902)

Mm-hmm. So that extra tension, we talked about it earlier, if I have an arching thing because I'm eager to get in the world or I'm a little worried about my place in the world, or I don't want to. And you do that with your muscles, your fascia just essentially says, I'm anthropomorphizing the fascia, but the fascia essentially says, okay, if you're going to do that with your muscles, then you need straps here, here, here, and here. And then even if you change your muscle patterning.

Straps are still there. Yeah. They will disappear, but they disappear a lot slower than muscles.

Daniel (01:20:28.396)

Yeah, and that assumes you s don't fall back into your pattern all the time, which is very hard to

Tom Myers (01:20:34.018)

To get out of the pattern. But if you do stay out of the pattern, you undertake a new training program, you're doing things that you didn't do, your fascia will remodel according to that training program. Or couch potato. It'll remodel to be a couch potato. It remodels as a couch potato towards the thing which is generally responsive to whatever threat might come or whatever change might come. And that's a cotton ball.

impregnated with jelly. Mm-hmm. In other words, the fibers are going everywhere, they're like felt, they're just going in every direction. So no matter what force comes on it, it will adapt to that force. Now imagine that I took that cotton ball and I did this with it. The fibers would all fine and I would get to a place where it stops.

Daniel (01:21:15.64)

Yeah.

Tom Myers (01:21:21.1)

Yeah. Uhhuh. So try that on your arm right now. If you put your hand on your arm, you can move a quarter of an inch, half an inch in any direction. You can even move a half an inch away or a half an inch in, right? Any direction. And it's really easy, right? There's very little resistance. Okay, do it again. Now move your hand towards your elbows five or six centimeters and feel what's happening to the braid on your wrist.

You're moving it. So the cotton is omnidirectional, looking out for everything, but then you put a tension on it and it says, that's where the force is coming. I'm gonna resist that force to save these tissues because I don't want my skin to tear. Right? So it's weak, weak, weak, weak, weak, strong. Unlocked, unlocked, unlocked, locked.

Daniel (01:22:02.456)

Yeah.

Tom Myers (01:22:05.888)

So Fasha has that ability to be really soft and easy for the movement that I want to do, and then solidified by muscles, it becomes a strap that can, you know, bench press, whatever you can bench press. Right. that we have thought a lot about muscles and joints and nerves.

And it's not that the fascia is more important than these other ones or less important. It's just part of the equation that we haven't really put in. So tendons are made out of fascia, ligaments are made out of fascia, all that white stuff that you see in the anatomical books is made out of fascia. And once you do that, you realize, my God, all of our sea cells are living in a sea of fascia. And so now we've

Daniel (01:22:50.528)

Yeah.

Tom Myers (01:22:54.87)

Literally every cell except maybe you could say the red blood cells. There's a debate Okay, I wanna I want to get back to this, but the there's a debate in the thing of how much of the water in your body is free and how much of it is tied up in the fascial system. Wow. Because most of our listeners will be thinking of the fascial system as what we've been talking about, the fibers of collagen, sinewy and white, and you can see it in hunting the silver skin and all of that. There's another element of it which is gel.

You've also probably seen that gel. It's slippery, it's synovial fluid in the joints. That's the primary thing of that gel. That gel is a lubricant in the body and it allows for movement and allows for these kinds of changes in the length of the fascia. Which happens in yoga, happens when I put my elbow in there. Now you want it to grow back into the proper shape. I dropped on my elbow, I don't know if the camera can see this, but I dropped on my elbow.

elbow I was carrying a cup of coffee and just went and cracked it but didn't know I'd cracked it because the burst there's a bursa right here and it was a mess, it was bloody and all full of fluid. So by the time I had gotten around this this extra bit, this heterotropic bone growth had happened, so now I have a new tool.

Daniel (01:23:54.298)

Daniel (01:24:09.08)

I was gonna say that looks like feel great going up your skin.

Tom Myers (01:24:11.926)

No, but it looks unsightly for my girlfriend, but the He goes, you know, you can't get through this life without a few dings and I and I just it was a very interesting ding to watch it go. And I, you know, here here's another thing. Can I make that go away? Is there somebody who knows how to make that go away? I don't know how to make that go away. Can I find somebody that and at seventy seven, I don't know. I'll tell you a story. I broke my

Daniel (01:24:14.569)

That's how it's

Tom Myers (01:24:37.57)

The lateral molliscus on my left knee. I was chasing my favorite sixteen year old down the dock here in Maine and she did a face plant and in order to avoid putting my foot in the middle of her back I did a big leap and landed wrong and your your meniscus in here is shaped like a crescent moon and I split it off. And I was shortly after that I was clearly painful and clearly

Not so I I was giving a class in Norway and a physio said, I've got an ultrasound machine, we'll go look at it and we could see it split. So I have the I have the picture of the proof that it was split. And I did all the things that I know as a therapist to heal cartilage. But I was sixty-nine at the time, I didn't think that that was ever gonna heal. At seventy-two, three years later, I went through Norway again, and the same physiotherapist was there and I said, Can we have a look at it again?

And the thing it healed. Wow. Now, I'm not saying this because I eat the right food. I eat terrible food. I'm on the road all the time. I survive on Starbucks and the rest of the terrible things that are in the airports that I have to go through. at least they're cheap. A piece of chicken, a sprig of broccoli. Yeah. But the so it's not it's not

Daniel (01:25:46.702)

release they're cheap.

Daniel (01:25:52.438)

Yeah.

Tom Myers (01:25:59.126)

because of that. But I think the healing powers that would still be in your discs. That would still be in some of the things that you might think, that's really gone beyond the pale. I think that we have not tested the healing powers of these things. Maybe it is neotony. Maybe we are retaining those youthful characteristics farther and farther. I don't know, but I I also one measure of this would be how long can you have braces on?

They mostly s they're doing some adult work with braces now and expanders and things like that because of this narrow jaw thing that we were talking about a while ago. But the

Daniel (01:26:39.392)

I'm watching a kid right now, she's two cranks a a night. It looks so painful to me. Yes. But she needs that space.

Tom Myers (01:26:48.652)

She needs the space. I I feel like my jaw is wide enough, but I didn't have room for my wisdom teeth. Why would God give you wisdom teeth and then not enough room to put them in? It's it's us, it's our diet, it's something that we're doing to the piece. And I you know, I I had no idea. I'm sure genetics will be part of the answer to that, but I think the environment of the zoo or the jungle or the what was the th your third one? Yeah, no.

Daniel (01:27:15.298)

the digital. Actually, fun?

Tom Myers (01:27:18.154)

A factory farm, yeah. Yeah, yeah. I I had not gone as dismal as putting us in a factory farm. That's really where we are. I thought about it as the human zoo that we built a zoo and we live in it. And I think that might be true out here in Maine where we actually can have a nice zoo with some

Daniel (01:27:25.78)

Okay.

Daniel (01:27:36.984)

I think it's yeah, I mean if you live high enough too up a up the up the pyramid you can definitely live in a zoo, right? There's lots of zoo out there. Mm-hmm. It's a whole different

Tom Myers (01:27:45.614)

But it's hard to live in the wild anymore. Yeah.

Daniel (01:27:48.072)

And there's hard t you know, like as a hunter, you it's so different than it would have been ancestrally because one, there's way less animals. Two, they're way more hip to what people are. Three, every, you know, quarter mile you're hitting another property boundary. It's not like you can just range over huge areas and follow herds of animals anymore. Like you can't. You're just like private property, private property, private property. So it's like it's

That's not even the air to live in anymore. I mean, you know, y y y it takes a lot of space for a person to live as a true hunter gatherer. You need to quite quite a big piece of land

Tom Myers (01:28:27.862)

That's why we can't go back to that. We can't even go back to everybody having their little agricultural plot. You know, William Penn set up Philadelphia with a long lot so that you could have a house in the front and a gar full garden in the back. Right. You know, you still see that now, but the houses have been built all the way down the lot. So you have all these houses in Philadelphia that are not very wide but very, very deep. Yeah. because of the way he set it up for gardening for each person to have their individual garden. But you know, maybe you can do a windowsill garden if you're my daughter living in Brooklyn.

You could do a windowsill garden or you maybe there's an allotment thing that you can get a piece of in your neighborhood. It's it's you're you're yeah kinda reaching and grasping to get a little bit.

Daniel (01:29:07.596)

Yeah, I think I think it's headed headed towards obviously smaller everything, smaller space. Question for you. Do you think that everything we've been talking about, these changes, and then what we see on the horizon, because it's like we're seeing the rollout now, finally after quite a long time, but we're seeing the rollout of robotics at a level that's pretty astonishing when you see these robots doing backflips. And I remember when, you know, you were seeing

Boston Dynamics or General Dynamics showing them when they were still wired, but now they're carrying their own power. So wow, that's a whole new thing. AI obviously has rolled out in just a couple years, and I love when people go, Yeah, yeah, but you can tell it's AI. I'm like, dude, it's the second year you've had it. Like, give it a second. It's gonna be indistinguishable from reality pretty soon, I think. We have nanotechnology, you know, it's like they could you you can have self-assembling machines in your body now. we have genetic

alteration, I guess, or d engineering available to us. CRISPR. So these technologies combined with that shrinking space, that neotony, that f factory farm, I'm wondering if you personally chalk this up to organically unfolding because of like a collective movement towards this, or do you perceive it as a nefarious

d in in other words, do you do you see that the world is being steered by benevolent and malevolent forces, or do you think that these are forces that emerge from within us? In other words, is it an emergent property d because cause it's real easy to look at the world right now and be like, who's in charge of this? Darth Vader? Like what is this? Like where are we why is it so why does it look like it's constantly imprisoning human beings and degrading us? Is that an emergent property of people, or are there forces at play that are

against humanity.

Tom Myers (01:31:10.094)

I you're asking me a philosophical question that I feel unqualified to answer, but let me ever Yeah, let me have a stand at it anyway, 'cause it's fun. in the old tribal world, you get to these numbers, what are they? Moore's numbers or something like that. How many people could live?

Daniel (01:31:17.038)

But he's unqualified.

Daniel (01:31:32.179)

yeah, dun bars and dumbar.

Tom Myers (01:31:33.006)

How many people could live on a given thing of land? As you say, if you're a nomad you or if you're a hunter-gatherer, you need a lot of land to support a a small group of people. So they say groups of thirty or maybe up to a hundred and fifty, but then they'd have to split because you couldn't do more than a hundred and fifty people. You can't do Rome without agriculture. Yeah. And

So the people who were looking over the village, the people charged with keeping that the shaman, the village wise woman, the chief, were very much doing what everybody else was doing on a daily basis. Yeah. Right. Going hunting and gathering. It was just you put a special hat on him, when the when the council was and then he was the chief and then he had a stick. I don't know.

talking stick got passed around. Well, by the time you get to a king, that crown can kill you and so can the other hand. but it was much more even and they would look out for the kids. In the village. You couldn't be a psychopath without being caught by your tribe in the process of growing up. Yeah.

Luigi Mandioni or whatever his name is can get through school and nobody picks him up. or choose the murderer that you want. but somehow these folks are getting through our society, which is so industrial now, people can come up without that mentor that the village would always have. Mm-hmm. But we invented another type of person called a corporation, and a psychopath is

ideally suited to run this thing called a corporation. And so we have instead of selecting psychopaths out of the village society, which would have happened in a tribe or in a small village, take those small villages in England. You can be batty, but you couldn't be murderous. Agatha Christie would come and get you. Yeah, yeah. You couldn't be you couldn't be murderous.

Tom Myers (01:33:38.528)

But now we license those people. We give them big salaries and say maximize our profits. And that is not maximizing the well-being of all the people under the care of that corporation, whether you think that corporation is caring for anything or the government that's supposed to be it's all so large now, there is no village. I just was part of well, I want to get back to the birth thing before we finish. Because I was just in an event about rebirthing the village.

Getting birth back into a village context. because as we said earlier, if you have birth and you go to a hospital, it's considered a disease of which there are several ways to get out of that disease. by a knife or by the vagina with a lot of drugs. but having a natural childbirth you have to fight for. Yeah. We were talking about how you have to advocate.

Daniel (01:34:30.49)

A lot of doctors, my impression, is are uncomfortable with it because they don't do it that often and because they're afraid of how many complications could come up and they've got a golf game scheduled for three hours from now and

Tom Myers (01:34:42.114)

Yeah, I th I don't get the third one. The golf game? That that's a trope, but I don't I find that one. Yeah, I will remove the what these are driven by is the insurance companies. Yes. The outcome of a C section is better now than the outcome of a natural birth. Yeah, wow.

Daniel (01:34:48.27)

Move that. But you filled it up first two. Yeah, but

Agreed.

Tom Myers (01:35:04.034)

Because we've upped the skills in doing C sections and we've diminished the skills of doing a natural childbirth. Two French physicians made up forceps. They gave courses in how you use them.

Daniel (01:35:21.198)

Grab the head, force it.

Tom Myers (01:35:22.828)

Yeah. You can reach up inside a horse and pull the fold out. You can reach up inside a cow and pull the calf out. Why? Because the what we are pleased to call the pelvic floor is for them a pelvic sidewall. So they don't need a whole bunch of muscle. Right. We're sitting on it all. So

Daniel (01:35:38.926)

pelvore head.

Tom Myers (01:35:39.542)

Our pelvis our pelvis had to do this for us to walk. The pelvic floor had to get really taut. And then you're gonna put a baby through that. We talked about that. The baby has to get out after s nine months instead of out of sixteen or eighteen months, just because of the size of of that. And you know, I all power to it. I I want healthy babies and healthy mothers. And if the baby was gonna die or the mother was gonna die and you need to get in there and do a C-section, okay.

But Michel Vaudon, the a very prominent obstetrician, he was a surgeon and he went into obstetrics because he heard all the screaming down in the obstetrics ward, and he went, what is going on here? And he went over there. And then, without telling his whole story, he ended up running a clinic in which you could have a natural childbirth or a cesarean section. None of the intervening epidural ptosin, none of that stuff in the beginning. You just had a natural childbirth.

Thing we can talk about another time of of how to set that up. But the he had a cesarean rate in his clinic of four to six percent a year, year on year. Meaning What is this? Meaning that one in twenty-five women need a C section. But now fifty percent of the babies that are being born on this planet are being born C section.

Daniel (01:37:03.118)

Do you think that the amount that is needed has increased due to pelvic change like structural changes or do you think it's all driven by what we were talking about before, which is changing

Tom Myers (01:37:15.094)

I think mostly driven by what we were talking about before, which is the need for the medical system, the patriarchy, if you will, to control feminine creativity. That's a big thing.

Daniel (01:37:25.982)

Get those midwives out of there. That's arcane science. That's ar arcane witchcraft.

Tom Myers (01:37:30.574)

But in the eighteen fifties most it wasn't great medical care, but most medical care that was given to women was given by women. Yeah. It's more recently that we've put men doctors in charge of of women's health care, which is a dubious thing.

Daniel (01:37:44.43)

Pretty crazy. Pretty hard for men to understand women at even a basic level. So I mean Yeah, exactly.

Tom Myers (01:37:51.242)

You know spend a lifetime with it. But the I think to get back to this subject, I think that birth is the place where the fewest dollars

and the fewest amount of because we don't have much time, right? Mm-hmm. That the most immediate change could be made in parental relations and then the child growing up. I'm sorry, I forgot one thing on the caesarean sections. The research has come through, now I just read this recently, that because we're doing so many cesarean sections, some of those cesarean sections are being done on women whose pelvis is just too naturally narrow to have a baby. Guess what?

Their children are too narrow to ever have a baby. And their children will be too narrow to ever have a baby. So yes, we are, by our ubiquitous caesarean sections, preserving genes for narrow pelvis for women, which would not have been preserved without C C but it's already showing up in the f in research.

Daniel (01:38:48.108)

That's a hard teaching, but it makes sense.

Daniel (01:38:53.858)

Let me make sure I understand that. These are are you saying that these genes would essentially the the natural my understanding is the natural mortality rate for infants is about fifty percent. Historically. So you'd have a lot of child

Tom Myers (01:39:10.198)

That would be argued. Yeah, I I don't know.

Tom Myers (01:39:18.52)

Okay, that's better.

Daniel (01:39:21.578)

mortality early in and then of course to get a child just up to where they're like self sustaining was hard to do.

Tom Myers (01:39:27.606)

Sure, but think of the pioneers. They had seven children in hopes that four of them would make it to adulthood. Right. And the hopes that one would stay behind to take care of them. Yep. Yeah. So

Daniel (01:39:32.843)

Twenty four of them and they had

Daniel (01:39:38.584)

But are you saying that many of these children might not have made it through childbirth and so those genes wouldn't be carried forward and now they are? So that's a hard thing to

Tom Myers (01:39:47.288)

Talk about It's a hard thing to talk about. But those women would have died in childbirth and who wants those women to die in childbirth so they get a Caesarean section. But just understand that's meaning that pre generation will need the Caesarean section as well.

Daniel (01:39:57.518)

That just creates a downstream effect.

Are there, from a myofascial perspective, a structural perspective, is there any v important value for that squeeze of a natural childbirth as the body's deformed its way and spiraled through the vagina versus pulled out into the open air like that?

Tom Myers (01:40:20.14)

Yes, and there are benefits that we don't know about yet. What happens when you squeeze the brain like that? I don't know about you. My baby was born as a cone head. Yeah. That's pretty common, right? And because it went down through the birth canal and bones are not ossified, sutures are not ossified. and

It's fortunate for the mother that the br head can do that. And within an hour it'll look like a grapefruit and you're wondering how the hell did that get through there? because the head really expands in that first hour or two. I'm w my youngest client was an hour old, his cone head was not resolving after an hour, and I took that God, this was such a privilege.

I just thinking about it, but I just had this she was on her mother, of course, but I just had this tiny little head in my hand and it was was like suggesting through my head changing. I didn't have to do anything. I love it. so as

Daniel (01:41:10.094)

Yeah.

Daniel (01:41:13.793)

Like the smell of those little heads.

Tom Myers (01:41:20.918)

A very well educated man who when he was faced with having a baby had no idea how to handle them. I think that even mothers now are that that's me as a dad and lots of dad have lost contact with that infant thing. and we could bring that back. 'Cause it's a joy. It's a joy to interact with your and once you know what they're doing, it it only takes a few hours. If I have a few hours

Daniel (01:41:45.856)

What do you know?

Tom Myers (01:41:47.01)

Well if you know what the baby is doing, mm-hmm, then you can move with them. Mm-hmm. Or they can move with you if you're alert to the signs. Mm-hmm. So my baby is now almost forty and we were back with the pins

on the diapers, and so I would put my hand on her hip and I would turn her over onto one side and take one pin off, and then I would turn her over on the other side and take the other pin off, and then do something to clean up the area that needs cleaning up. And by doing that, very gently enrolling her pelvis within a week,

I would put my hand on her hip and her eyes would and her head would start to turn the other way. Mm-hmm. This is gonna make me cry too. Because we were doing it together. Yeah. Now, what could her contribution be at four weeks, four months? Not much.

But we were doing it together. And that made the communication between us so much more rich. Right. And I'm not doing it too hard. I know sometimes you gotta put the groceries away and you just have to sit in that chair. I get it. But not all the time.

Mm-hmm. Sometime you can be down there and you watch the baby reach out with one arm and turn this way, you just put a hand under that foot and all of a sudden they organize themselves to turn over and see the cat or see mom or see whatever they're gonna see. so if you understand how nobody ever taught me how small bodies move. Even after I knew how large bodies move, even after I was a body worker, I still didn't understand small bodies. And now I understand small bodies and I can really help fathers a lot and mothers

Tom Myers (01:43:27.234)

come by it more naturally for sure. But even even now we're so isolated. We're s in such nuclear families we don't grow up with children all about us. Right. And so that's

Daniel (01:43:38.52)

Couple s friends around me who have l big families, religious folks mostly, five kids, six kids. Got it's so unusual today to see this like troop of people, you know, the size of vehicle they need to go anywhere.

Tom Myers (01:43:45.474)

Mm-hmm.

Tom Myers (01:43:52.126)

Yeah, yeah.

Daniel (01:43:55.39)

yeah. yeah. The one family was telling me they were at like a Renaissance fair last summer and they brought their kids to the childcare area and they were being made fun of by the childcare workers and they could hear them, you know, talking about how unethical it was for them to have these kids and stuff. I mean, just the anti human this sometimes, the mis misanthropy misant misanthropy. I was a real victim of that kind of thinking for a long time, but

But anyway, side note. I've got some friends right now, they've got five. She's pregnant with the sixth. They don't have a midwife, a doula, or they're just doing it at this point. Yeah. She's just she's just gonna call him and you know what? She just won a deadlifting contest the other day. She's not sure what her due date is, but it's this month. She won a deadlifting competition, pulling I think she did a hundred reps of two twenty five. With like the the torpedo belly, you know. And so you you see

Tom Myers (01:44:52.866)

Thinking about that poor kid trying to get through that

Daniel (01:44:55.022)

It's astonishing what we're capable of and what we're really like and then what we've been kinda convinced that we are. Like they just not only do they not see it as an emergency, but they don't even see it as like we need anybody involved. We've done this so many times. We just are gonna integrate it into our life and and watching how all the kids take care of each other and they all know, like you said, how to handle babies.

It's reframing being around people like that. So like reframing how I think about it, you know, because I feel like we really have turned it into something

Tom Myers (01:45:26.934)

W well the people who are shaming them are out of date because we're having so many fewer babies. Yeah. and the good thing about that is that each baby is gonna be precious. Mm-hmm. I used to say a thing and I was in I was jesting.

We'll know our society is getting its bearings back when midwives are paid more than bank presidents. Yeah. Because the midwives are guarding a treasure that's more valuable than what the bank president is. But we don't know.

Daniel (01:45:57.1)

Reserve debt notes.

Tom Myers (01:45:58.13)

Right. We don't we don't mm recognize that in our s but we are now going to because fertility rates are going down, hormones are going down all over the world. All over the world. It's not just us. And and then in educated societies, industrial societies as we have now, having a child is an incredible luxury. Yeah.

Child a very expensive thing to have. Yeah. And they keep getting more expensive the older they get.

Daniel (01:46:28.142)

You ever seen the film Idiocracy? You know, and that theme that like the educated people are not having kids and then the uneducated people are having lots of lots of kids and then the story being the dumbing down that happens as a result of that. But it is interesting to watch and and also as you you no doubt know, it's like if i I would have to have with my wife three kids in order to add to the population. Yes. Right? And I thought I think people don't realize that. It's like, hey, if you only have one kid, you're you're in the removal of

Tom Myers (01:46:57.358)

We're doing a big removal thing now, and we had to be because we were overpopulating like crazy. We thought it would be maybe education, but it's really education of women and making women more equal in the workplace. And then children, as I said a hundred years ago, were the necessary resource to have you taken care of. Now that's not the thing. A child is just an expensive luxury. Right. and we we have to make that change. Now, while we have the time when only a few children are being born.

We are being also being born into an age where they can have Aristotle as a tutor and Louis Pasteur as a chemistry professor, right? You know, the the the benefits of education coming down the internet are amazing and we we will focus a whole lot on the children that are left.

Daniel (01:47:44.986)

If they're doing that kind of education and not just watching videos all day. No. Which is it's like the internet is the greatest tool ever existed and we're using it to like masturbate. I mean it's kind of like I wish that it was like we were using it well. I don't feel like we even know what to do with it.

Tom Myers (01:48:00.792)

Right, but but I think we will be better with that with kids in education and things like that in future generations and and I find this now in in America and I I'm sorry I'm gonna say this about America and not about Europe, Australia, Japan, China is that

Americans are no longer taught to use their brains in to find something out. So I got a bunch of students in my classroom up there and we have winnowed them out, because these are the final things after a year's thing. The ones who want to know the answer.

Here's my book. The answers are all in here. The people who want to be engaged in the question are the people we want in the training. Yeah. Not the people who want the

Daniel (01:48:49.454)

question has the word quest right in it and many people are not interested in the quest. Stay in the Shire. Yeah, well and I just have this like memory of I would have an interest, I would go to the library, I would go to the card catalog, I would pull 20 books out, they'd be all stacked there on the table with a big dictionary, and I would have to piece together that answer. And and just like it was a lot harder to get from point A to point B in the past,

Tom Myers (01:48:53.824)

No, they just want the end.

Stay in the shower.

Daniel (01:49:18.71)

And now it's very easy. It's like it's gotten so easy to get information that I just, yeah, it's sort of like how hard it is for people to start exercising when they don't exercise. It's like, but it hurts. And watching people have to think sometimes, you're like, does it hurt? Like, I worry that that's why I've been encouraging people to have resources, like hard resources. Maybe you don't need them, but it sure is good for your brain to need to solve problems. Or I was saying recently, play chess, like something, but find some

Tom Myers (01:49:34.35)

Sorry.

Tom Myers (01:49:48.088)

These habits these habits of mind. I th we're we're talking about habits of body and habits of body are very important. We're talking about birth and you get so many hormonal and ecological things set in your body at birth that that that seems to me to be a a very fruitful place to put our efforts. But we the the habits of mind of being able to deal with a world that's unpredictable has not been a big value 'cause the world's been pretty predictable for those of us living in the Western world.

Daniel (01:50:15.8)

Those eighties and nineties were pretty nice.

Tom Myers (01:50:17.842)

Well I think my mother had the right idea. She died in September of sixteen, about three months before Trump was elected. I think that was about the time to leave.

Daniel (01:50:27.554)

Yeah, because sixteen is when I I remember things really changed around twelve, but slow. But by sixteen it was it went crazy and now I can't believe where we are in twenty six. Like it's like the it's remarkable.

Tom Myers (01:50:42.38)

Very, very rapid change. And I don't want to sit around like an old man saying, it's so much better when we were young. In some ways it was when we were young. And in some ways I my younger friends would mean, well you grew up in the fifties when it was pure water. we grew up in the fifties when the engines were so poor we were breathing hardware carbons.

Daniel (01:51:03.446)

were polluted and there was no organic food.

Tom Myers (01:51:06.304)

Exactly. You couldn't get walnut acres, peanut butter. And Amazon was certainly not available to deliver it to your house in two or three days. So they were good times in in many ways and but we have to redo this thing. We have to redo this thing, not in terms of trying to get back to the fifties or the sixties or the eighties or the eighteen hundreds.

That we we're facing a new situation. And then I get these people. I'm doing yoga that was passed down from Patanjali in the third century. I am doing a martial art that was passed down from father to son for five hundred and sixty five years. Thank you for telling me how irrelevant your practice is. Yeah. Yeah. Because we're facing a situation

Nobody's ever faced before. And I'm not I I love yoga, I love Tai Chi and all the martial arts. They're all very important. But those they're agricultural answers to an agricultural problem. Yeah. Agriculturally based answers to the problem. So I want all the wisdom that I can get to here, because some of it will apply to the electronic era. But all our exercise went

mechanical mm-hmm when we went into the mechanistic era. Mm-hmm. And so now we do a lot of things that doom your muscles and all that kind of thing. But as we go into the electronic era we're gonna get electronic exercise. I think it's gonna look really different. Yeah. I don't mean electronically enhanced exercise, that's something different. We can all get our you know download our classes from the internet, we can put a ring on that tells us what's going on when we sleep and

all of that kind of thing, but to sense yourself inside and to know when things are off. You asked me a question a long time ago, which is, what do I think the power of the fascial system is? Does it have a communications aspect? And yes it does. It clearly communicates tension and pressure. That's its main job is to transfer force. when the ferns

Tom Myers (01:53:09.118)

By which I mean the things that the the parts of the glue, the gooey stuff, which looks like a fern if you look at it under a microscope. And they line up water molecules in rows like soldiers for thousands of rows of modern molecules out. So they organize the water in your body into what Gerald Pollack calls the fourth phase of water. I don't want to Easy water. Easy water. And so your body is structuring the water.

Daniel (01:53:34.008)

Water.

Tom Myers (01:53:38.728)

If your fascia is in a bad state, the ferns curl up, they get sticky, and they're obviously not organizing the water molecules. The water molecules are just freely going out there. So you want this stuff to actually be engaged with the water molecules of your body. Now, it looks for all the world like an antenna. What is it an antenna for?

The fifty years of dealing with this thing, my answer is hunches. It's your intuitive system. We think of I'm having an intuition in my nervous system. I don't think so. You might realize it in your nervous system, you might give voice to it in your nervous system, but it was actually coming from your antenna that's tuned to where are the threats in the outside world. Mm-hmm. One of the things in anatomy that the where this goes is your nervous system is newer than your fascial system.

Your newest your nervous system is really good at carrying coded signals across your body. Signal from here to there, signal from your gut to your head on the vagus nerve. But before that, before there was a central nervous system and an organized nervous system all over your body, it was your fascia that had channels all over your body, sinew channels that they talk about in acupuncture. And

I think that system was capable of reacting faster than the nervous system. Wow. The evidence I'm going to present to this was I was going to show my girlfriend of the time the petroglyphs in Santa Fe, and you have to walk through fields and desert to get to this petroglyph. And she was walking in front and she said, Are there snakes out here? I went, No, there are cows out here. The snakes don't like the cows. You won't see any snakes, don't worry. And she said, Well, you walk in front anyway.

So I started a hundred feet later, I almost stepped on two mating rattlesnakes. Wow. They were mating. The guy was not amused at most. Yeah, I know. And came up and my partner said, you went straight up in the air and then you went backwards and then you came down. And it happened all very fast. Too fast for an image

Tom Myers (01:55:58.88)

Of an unfamiliar terrain with an unfamiliar animal in it to register on my retina, go to the occipital lobe, come back to some basal ganglia or hypothalamus for recognition out through the limbic system and I end up jumping. I think that went on my fascial system. I think there's an ancient thing, but it only does messages like Help or DANGER FIRE. It doesn't do things like, can you just move your toes like this for the arpeggio of the Chopin?

Daniel (01:56:21.014)

Yeah.

Tom Myers (01:56:27.88)

That that has to happen from your nervous system. But the things of oof withdrawal or total organism threat was carried originally by the nervous by the fascial system and is now being carried with much more nuance by the fascia.

Daniel (01:56:45.25)

I've had that. I almost stepped on a rattlesnake. I felt the the wind of the strike on the hairs of my leg and I I remember so distinctly what you're describing. I stumbled back way way before I I was stumbling before I even understood what was happening. Like it it yes definitely was a primitive response.

Tom Myers (01:57:03.562)

The fascial system travels at seven hundred and twenty miles an hour. wow, I'm sorry, five hundred and twenty miles an hour. This is Yeah, no, no, this is the speed of sound in water. Because it's an aqueous media. yeah. It is a sound wave. That went through my body at the speed of southern that's three times faster than your fastest nerves. So your fascial system communicates about three times faster than your nervous system. But it's not capable of

Daniel (01:57:11.694)

We're talking speed of sound.

Daniel (01:57:24.6)

Really?

Tom Myers (01:57:32.37)

all the nuance that you're nervous, of course. I'm not I'm not trying to say, the fascial system could take over from nothing like that. I'm just saying, it was the tunic that held you in and therefore it got sensors in it to what's going on outside. Now that tunic is covered by skin, the silver skin is that tunic. It's covered by skin, it goes all through you two, so it's in with the organs. But I believe we just let that whole system get so untuned, mm-hmm

Daniel (01:57:36.558)

Yeah.

Tom Myers (01:58:01.46)

in this generational slide that we're doing, that that system got so untuned, our nervous system is tuned, but it's tuned to very particular things now, as you say, on the internet. And our chemistry system is now tuned to glyphosate, to PFAS, to all the things that are coming in from the environment. there's simply no question

that cancers this is I believe been proven beyond any doubt that cancers some cancers are environmental, that they have nothing to do with your genes going wrong, they are just the or the genes go wrong because of the stimulation from the outside.

Daniel (01:58:35.918)

When you add seventy thousand new chemicals into the environment every year it's probably some of are gonna not be good.

Tom Myers (01:58:41.804)

Yeah, wow. So I yeah. So th I do believe that there is a really wonderful human potential. I see wonderful things happening with the young people that I know in the world, and their desire to change it. It often feels to me as if this stone is rolling down the hill and that even if we get really stroppy about it, we're gonna have a hard time stopping that rock.

Daniel (01:59:08.366)

I was gonna ask you, yeah, do you do you see us over these next decades? It seems like there's a really like you could almost just thread the needle and not have catastrophe. Or do you think that we ha that because there's a way of looking at the young people right now and be like, man, these kids are a mess. But I feel like it's because life is so easy. Like add some crisis and I think they pull together pretty well. I've read that the greatest generation

Like that World War II generation, that there was a lot of talk when they were young about what, you know, how dumb these kids were, they couldn't understand anything, blah, blah, blah. And then the crisis of the war led them to be the greatest generation. And I wonder if this generation is going to inherit the crisis and hardship will generate strong people again. Or do you think that maybe we thread the needle and somehow we can get through these next years without

The 'cause it's just seems like everywhere you look is corruption and collapse. Like I every institution seems to have become not just corrupted, but almost the opposite of what it's supposed to be. So you get like the regulatory agencies actually just become you know, they just end up bringing in the thing that they're supposed to be regulating, right? So it's like you end up with

Tom Myers (02:00:21.895)

That's a stall trapped yes.

Daniel (02:00:23.734)

Right. Everything just seems to be like the hospitals. The g they should be taking care of health and what do they do? They like cut, burn, poison people primarily and like rather than doing what they should do. Or or you know, it was like, cool, we're gonna have this like Make America Healthy Again initiative that turns into like Monsanto's glyphosate. You're like it's the opposite of everything just seems to turn into the opposite of what it's supposed to be. So it's like beyond corruption. Do you think that

this like s something new is gonna birth out of us without hardship or do you think we just have to go through the difficult time?

Tom Myers (02:00:55.508)

If we are going to go back to the kind of mature, you say the greatest generation and I would have said the grown-ups. Mm-hmm. That it's been harder for my generation to grow up, and harder for your generation after that to grow up. to by by grow up I mean mature. Mature into real adults. And some of that was just nineteen fifties dreck about, the man should do this and the woman should do that. But some of it really is

Are you responsible? Are you responsible for your family? Are you responsible for your community? I'm responsible for my family, which is my company family here. I am perched in this community. I depend on other people to plow the roads and to do the things and and I don't do much with the town itself. Other people do. It's it's not my life because I'm an itinerant teacher, so I'm gone a lot of the time. I'm not blaming myself, but I am saying that,

Being a responsible adult, a lot of people aren't doing that now. And so if you want those responsible adults, I don't see any other way than the big hardship. Mm-hmm.

Another depression, another war. That's what happened in the 30s. You had a depression, and then when the depression got over, it got over because of a war, started the whole industrial thing up again. We're not gonna do that. We're gonna have maybe another war. We're certainly going to have a time when nine billion people on the planet are gonna have a hard time eating. Mm-hmm. I I don't see avoiding that. But I'm an old man. the the other way of looking at this, and I wish I had more of an answer because this is an idea.

That I've just been contemplating my young friends and thinking is that there's another neotomy going on, that the young are going in and joining on a subconscious level on the internet, so that there is a much larger substrate of unconscious. And we're not aware of that because we're conscious. We're the conscious generation, and we're

Tom Myers (02:02:55.862)

children of the greatest generation who are trying to be conscious. But these kids are building a collective unconscious that we can't see yet. Mm-hmm. And that that will sustain them even though they don't have these skills. And they're the skills that we think are necessary, mm-hmm, but we don't know the world that's coming. Right. Right? It's gonna be something we don't know almost by definition.

Daniel (02:03:09.703)

Yep.

Daniel (02:03:19.854)

Sure, like what they have front load adaptations for that we don't perceive.

Tom Myers (02:03:22.85)

Yeah. Right. So what is actually adaptive and what is essentially human and we can't take it away. If we do take it away we're no longer human. those things are I do believe those are gonna be tested. and I believe the kids might be th that whole generation might be building something that we don't yet understand that will emerge

Daniel (02:03:34.958)

Yeah.

Tom Myers (02:03:44.618)

as it matures, that it's that it's in the womb now and you can't see it because it's in the womb and maybe in some years it'll come out. but that's that's my hope also that if humanity is going to transcend this thing, we're hearing a lot about AI now and AI's gonna that you were talking about robotics, ro robots are gonna maybe replace all our jobs. Great. In the industrial world, you defined yourself by your work.

If you ask an American, what do you do? They're going to tell you their work. They're not going to tell you their artistic pursuit or that they go bowling on Tuesday night. They're going to tell you their work. And your work is not going to define your value anymore. It's your engagement. It's your connections. I don't know. I think feeling is going to be the thing because the internet is so far relentlessly audiovisual.

I teach a kinesthetic art how to use your hands on somebody else's body in a very particular way.

I refused during COVID to certify people over the internet. You can't do that. In an audiovisual medium, I need to feel your hands on my body. It's a kinesthetic thing. Now you can imagine some blanket that I could put over my shoulders and somebody in Australia could do this to another blanket and it would happen to me. You know, they're doing that with surgery now and things like that. So I can imagine it. It hasn't happened yet. So right now.

Daniel (02:05:04.472)

There, yeah.

Tom Myers (02:05:06.87)

You want job security? Become a massage therapist. Because or or it's like somebody where human feeling, because I think human feeling is going to be the currency of the future, because it's going to be the irreducible. Everything audiovisual is changeable. And as Harari pointed out to us, money is the story we tell ourselves. And what happened in the Great Depression is we lost faith in that construct of money.

And we now have a construct of money that's so far away from even the little pieces of paper that symbolized something that I was willing to take in return for my time because I could take those pieces of paper somewhere else. That's a story we tell ourselves.

That story might it might be this lifetime that that story goes out the window in which case your work, all that you built up in your life, all the things that were supposed to be the American dream and the building of middle class life and the result of the Enlightenment from back in the seventeen hundreds. All of that has reached its end now. We're we're going into something different. And I only see you just asked two ways and the the two ways is that it's something spiritual and that all this inward going

is gonna build an unconscious or subconscious event that will then grow up and I probably won't understand it 'cause I'm of a different generation, but but it will be the next thing that humanity does. Or if we're in the more pedestrian world where people have to eat and yeah we're not in AI disappearing into the silicone world and carbon based life forms are no longer necessary and all of that kind of thing.

Then I don't know, that's the end of history for humans. Too bad 'cause I liked this experiment and I really liked my fellow humans. Maybe next time we'll do a little better job, but whether that's inherent evil in people or just sort of an accident of of how the whole thing unfolded, I have no idea.

Daniel (02:06:44.099)

Yeah.

Daniel (02:07:01.814)

What do you think happens? Do you when you die, do you you believe in a soul? Do you think you have a eternal peace? Do you what do you think happens to your consciousness?

Tom Myers (02:07:12.042)

Well, th for what it's worth, 'cause this is just my belief, I believe consciousness is a material thing and that there's so much of it around this planet and that it's distributed to all the beings that are in some way participating in consciousness and you can ask, you know, trees, grass, dirt, I don't know. but in terms of hum

Daniel (02:07:33.774)

For a consciousness that's already here.

Tom Myers (02:07:36.864)

Yes, yeah, yeah. That's your yes, an antenna or radio. Yeah. it's kind of a Rupert Sheldrakian idea of morphogenetic fields and that kind of thing. But so I believe when I die that the energetic patterns that I have made will go will be part of this newest sphere that's a around the planet. Sphere of consciousness. I have I will be delighted if my

Daniel (02:07:58.146)

Sphere of consciousness.

Tom Myers (02:08:04.792)

Personhood survives death. But I barely survived a divorce.

Daniel (02:08:08.032)

Yeah.

Tom Myers (02:08:11.126)

Divorce nearly killed me. I don't expect to survive death. you know, if if you go through that, I I I I don't know where you are as a psychonaut, but I've been through those experiences with psychoactive medicines that I certainly died and all right disassembled and and was assembled

Daniel (02:08:14.186)

Daniel (02:08:29.207)

Symbols.

Tom Myers (02:08:33.656)

thing of consciousness and if I go through the bardo or whatever that is and I come out in another body I will either have forgotten or I will be delighted that that is in fact the case. But I don't I don't know that I've done any I think people like Jesus or other enlightened folks might build a soul that would survive death.

Daniel (02:08:54.466)

Get out.

Tom Myers (02:08:54.892)

That's kind of a Gergiefian idea. but I don't think that I've done all the work that we introduced. So I don't I don't expect Tom to show up in any other form. Other than my vibe got to be part of the universe somehow.

Daniel (02:09:04.162)

Right.

Daniel (02:09:08.088)

Thanks for what you contributed while you're here. has is there anything we haven't talked about that you want to make sure comes up?

Tom Myers (02:09:16.712)

No, I think we got this. I just I hope that people will take such joy in the body as I've been able to 'cause I was certainly carefully educated by my parents to have neither a body nor emotions. Right. Feelings are something that other people was was the way I was brought up. And you know, yeah, very new England. So to I'm still doing the work to get out of that

Daniel (02:09:36.674)

Yeah.

Very New England.

Tom Myers (02:09:46.818)

particularly autistic way of being that my parents put in me with all the good intentions in the world. and that I absorbed with all the good intentions in the world but are now irrelevant and need to be taken out. So I really hope that people who are tied up in their careers or tied up in the problems that they have will take some joy in their bodies and I my own research is it will repay you time and again.

Yes. This investment is a a very worthwhile investment.

Daniel (02:10:19.774)

Well said. Thank you so much. It's been great to talk to you, man. hey, what people wanna get your stuff? People wanna get a ten segrety model or they wanna get your book.

Tom Myers (02:10:30.654)

Yeah, yeah. the the kinds of things we're doing, thank you. www anatomytrains.com is where we have all our courses. We have tons of online stuff because of COVID. We've put things up there. We are known for our dissections.

which we do twice a year in Boulder, Colorado. You can see them on TV, which is like looking over the shoulder of somebody who's really good at it, 'cause it's our guy in Boulder who does this. or if you come to Boulder you'll be doing the dissection yourself. Rex for that? Warm and have a checkbook. Okay.

Daniel (02:11:05.272)

You don't have to be a therapist of with 'cause I think to do some of your work you do need to have some background, do I recall that?

Tom Myers (02:11:11.402)

Yes, yeah, you in order to enter our training program, which is my version of Rolfing, which is a program of sessions designed to re configure this fascial system and particularly to get rid of the things that have accumulated over the years in those number three areas. and yes, those are there are requirements for people to come into that. Although we have in recent years taken in a lot of yoga teachers, Pilates teachers and trainers who don't have a manual therapy license.

they need to settle that with whatever jurisdiction they're working in. That's not our job. our job is to train them and what I found is that some of the people who were in movement

who don't have any experience with their hands can translate their movement experience into manual therapy very easily and some cannot. so we ad admit those spells and then if they're not up to it, we say, why don't you go get a little training in massage and then come back and and study with us. but we train physios, osteopaths, chiropractors, massage therapists, acupuncturists, as I say, the movement people who come in. And then occasionally we get people in who are researchers or

I had an animator come in because he wanted to understand movement for or to do his animation. Yeah, yeah. So it's been a wonderful journey to do that. But my people will be upset if I don't say that we have an app that we just put out anatomy trains for all. So if you want to see some strange anatomy like you wanna see this bone you were talking about the fascial bone, I have a bone where you can just not in the bone and things like that either.

These are all up on the website and we hope people will either come to a course, enjoy our website or come see us in a dissection. That's the

Daniel (02:12:55.724)

I always tell people that your book should be I just think anybody who does anything with the body, their your book should be in their library, even if they don't understand it or read it, you could just look through the pictures of that book and almost get the the gestalt. Yeah, you you earlier you said something about being good with words and I was thinking, well, you're good with the pictures too. You really nailed the balance there because you know, the reading is somewhat technical, but the

Tom Myers (02:13:11.328)

It was designed.

Tom Myers (02:13:21.437)

yeah.

Daniel (02:13:22.796)

the imagery speaks volumes and so I think just to put that plug in, I just think that that's a crucial book. I I it's funny 'cause I grabbed my book off the shelf. I like, I should get him to sign this and then I opened it up and you had already signed it and I like, yeah, I did that already. but I think that's an essential reading for everybody with a body. So I'm gonna put that plug in there for anatomy trains.

Tom Myers (02:13:40.694)

Great. Well, we we do have people all over the world. We have a find a practitioner thing on the site if you want to find

Daniel (02:13:46.316)

I w I did want to ask about that because yeah, people want to work with somebody who's trained under you. There's a

Tom Myers (02:13:50.892)

There's a find a practitioner thing and and sometimes if you email us there's somebody that's not up on the list that we can point you to. in terms of finding people who are skilled to do this kind of unraveling. I wish there were more people skilled at this kind of unraveling. and I was just recently doing some work with a bunch of people who were very well trained physios and in that orthopedic world.

And they just went, We did not get this in school. We just did not get this.

kind of point of view. Because if you're thinking of the body as a car and you're thinking of what part to replace. Mm-hmm. If you're thinking of the body as a tensegrity structure, it's a set of relationships. And it's the relationships that are important, not the thing. Mm-hmm. It's how how are you going to deal with the sets of relationships in the body? And that's that's what I'm hoping to you know, I'm working I figure I have about ten years left in me, I'm trying to build a faculty that will carry this thing on.

Daniel (02:14:50.676)

I all I wanna say that you're pretty blessed to have seen so much change from so many people the change from their work happens long after they're gone, you know? And

Tom Myers (02:15:02.227)

Get a lot done if you are willing for somebody else to get the crazy.

Daniel (02:15:05.09)

Well, I think you a lot has happened in your lifetime with your work and that's pretty cool to get to see because obviously it will become more and more mainstream over time. That's the direction it's trending in. I hope so. So I'm glad that you haven't had to struggle in obscurity with this. It seems like the world's embraced it to a degree that is yeah, it's a cool thing.

Tom Myers (02:15:28.054)

It is it is very interesting if you don't mind one more story. The I just went this spring to I was invited to a tongue tie conference. Mm. We've been talking about how the jaw was getting smaller. Well maybe one effect of that is that children are being born with more tongue ties. Mm-hmm. Whatever the reason children a frenulum under the tongue is too short for the baby to latch properly on to the mother. Mastitis, failure to thrive, lots of things follow on from this, so it's

Daniel (02:15:44.888)

Or they release that tissue from a

Tom Myers (02:15:57.908)

the midwives, the old midwives of Europe would keep a long fingernail. And just if the if the kid couldn't latch a lot less than circumcision, let me tell you. and if it's very little blood

Daniel (02:16:06.734)

Cool. Give it a little cuss.

Tom Myers (02:16:14.582)

Yes, it hurts for a few minutes and then the baby you know, put the baby right back on the nipple. so I see the argument for that. And then of course it got medicalized, so then you need a procedure and then it's not gonna happen for several weeks 'cause the procedure has to be gone through. but the procedures are surgical and, you know, not somebody's dirty fingernail going under your tongue. but the in this tongue tie conference we had dentists, orthodontists, surgeons,

osteopaths, orthopods, physiotherapists, speech therapists, lactation consultants, dualist midwives, and all massage therapists and acupuncturists and all. I love gatherings like that. Where everybody's gathered.

But they're all different professions, they all have different lingo, they all have different Argo language in their in their things. And that's a really good opportunity to make people talk together. You have to use the same language. You can't use this term for this when these people over here. You need to be able to talk to each other. It's the same thing. And or you're saying two different things, but it's actually you're saying the same thing, stretch, but it's actually two different things that you're doing, and that needs to be distinguished. We don't

have a tree of spatial medicine, the medicine of the fascia of the body moving, the way we have a tree for psychological medicine and a great big tree for chemical medicine. What we have is yoga, CrossFit, all these things are shooting up like little shoots out of the forest floor. They have to combine into a tree. And that's that's that's what I am grateful to have been able to

Daniel (02:17:56.544)

Wrap them all in a fascial sheath. Well, Tom, I appreciate your time today. I appreciate the work you do. Thank you very much.

Tom Myers (02:17:59.771)

Send them down the tube.

Tom Myers (02:18:06.87)

Right. This has been very enjoyable, Daniel. Thank you.